The territory of Monferrato was situated south-east of Turin around the towns of Asti and Acqui. Aleramo, ancestor of the later rulers, was granted extensive territory in the area by Emperor Otto I in 967. Monferrato was ruled by the descendants of Aleramo´s younger son Oddone until 1305 (see Chapter 1 of the present document). On the extinction in the male line of this younger branch of the family, Monferrato passed to the descendants of the second marriage of the Byzantine emperor Andronikos II and Yolanda, sister of Marchese Giovanni I (see Chapter 2). The descendants of Aleramo´s older son Anselmo ruled in Saluzzo, Savona and other territories to the south of Piemonte and north of Genoa (see Chapter 3). All the rulers among Aleramo´s descendants bore the title "Marchese".

The origin of the title "Marchese" in north-western Italy is difficult to establish. The name "March", normally associated with a frontier territory on the borders of the empire which required close, maybe military, government to impose control, is difficult to associate with this area of the early medieval kingdom of Italy. The title emerges in the area in the primary sources in the late 9th/early 10th centuries. Guido King of Italy donated property to the bishop of Fiesole, by charter dated 27 May 889, at the request of "Adalbertus…nepos noster et marchio", who was ancestor of the later Marchesi of Tuscany[1]. The title is referred to more generally in a charter dated 14 Sep 892, under which Emperor Guido granted rights to the monastery of Monte Amiata, with the usual clause guaranteeing against interference by "nullus dux, marchio, comes, gastaldius…"[2]. Emperor Lamberto confirmed the privileges granted to the monastery of Bobbio by "marchio noster atque…comes Anscharius" (who was Marchese in Ivrea) by charter dated 25 Jul 896[3]. Berengario I King of Italy granted property "in…Plumbiensis commitatus" to the church of Novara, at the request of "Iohannes…Ticinensis…episcopus et Odelricus comes et marchio…palatii nostri", by charter dated to [911/15][4]. By this time, the title was firmly established in the families which ruled Ivrea and Tuscany. From the mid-10th century, it was extended to the ancestors of the Este family ("Hotberti marchio comes palatii" is named in a document of the church of Asti dated 962[5]) and to the rulers of Turin and Susa.

The earliest reference to the title "Marchese" in relation to the territory of Monferrato is a charter dated 23 Jun 909 under which Berengario I King of Italy donated various properties, including in Monferrato, Terdona and Acqui, to the church of S. Giovanni Domnarum di Pavia, at the request of "Adelardum…marchionem"[6]. Aleramo, ancestor of the families which are set out in the present document, was referred to as "fideli nostro Aledramo comiti" in a charter of Ugo King of Italy dated 6 Feb 938[7], but as "Aledramus Marchio" in a charter of Berengario II King of Italy dated Aug 951 (although this date is suspect as noted below)[8].

Much of the information about the Aleramici family is corrorborated by the diplomas of the bishopric of Acqui which have been collected in the two volumes of the late 18th century Monumenta Aquensia[9]. An early work on the family of the Marchesi di Monferrato is the history written by Benvenuto di San Giorgio Conte di Biandrate, dated to the late-15th/early 16th century[10]. This work includes fully quoted primary sources, some of which have not yet been located elsewhere, although it is wildly inaccurate in many parts of the commentary. In one passage, Benvenuto claims that the second wife of Aleramo, first Marchese, was "Adelisia ovvero Alasia figliuola di Ottone II Imperatore"[11] (apparently based on Giovanni di Musso´s Chronicon Placentinum which records the same ancestry[12]). In another passage, Benvenuto states that the wife of Guglielmo who, he claims was the son of Aleramo, was "Elena…figliuola del Duca di Glocesto fratello di Ricardo Re d´Inghilterra"[13]. All such entries can safely be disregarded.

Chapter 1. MARCHESI di MONFERRATO, DESCENDANTS of ALERAMO

A. ORIGINS

ALERAMO, son of Conte GUGLIELMO & his wife --- (-[967/91]). Conte. "Hugo et Lotharius…Reges" granted property "Forum…supra fluvium Tanari in comitatu Aquensi…et Villa…Roncho" to "fideli nostro Aledramo comiti" by charter dated 6 Feb 938[14]. Marchese, after 938. "Berengarius et Adelbertus filius eius…Reges" confirmed a donation to the abbey of Grazano by "Aledramus Marchio filius Gulielmi Comitis et Gilberga filius D. Berengarii Regis, et Anselmus seu Oddo germani lege viventes Salica", for the soul of "quondam Gulielmi qui fuit filius et filiaster atque germanus noster", by charter dated Aug 951[15]. Emperor Otto I granted land "a flumine Tanari usque ad flumen Urbam et ad litus maris…Dego, Bagnasco, Ballangio, Salocedo, Loceti, Salfole, Miola, Pulchrone, Grualia, Pruneto, Altefino, Curtemilia, Montenesi, Noseto, Maximino, Arche" to "Aleramum Marchionum" by charter dated 23 Mar 967[16]. Benvenuto di San Giorgio states that Aleramo died in 995 and was buried at the abbey of Grazano, but does not cite the corresponding primary source[17].

m firstly ---. The primary source which directly confirms this first marriage has not yet been identified. However, the chronology of Aleramo´s known wife Gilberga suggests that she could not have been the mother of his known children.

m secondly (before Jul 961) GILBERGA di Ivrea, daughter of BERENGARIO II King of Italy [Ivrea] & his wife Willa d'Arles (945-). "Gislam [et]…Girbergam" are named as daughters of Berengar and Willa by Liutprand[18]. "Berengarius et Adelbertus filius eius…Reges" confirmed a donation to the abbey of Grazano by "Aledramus Marchio filius Gulielmi Comitis et Gilberga filius D. Berengarii Regis, et Anselmus seu Oddo germani lege viventes Salica", for the soul of "quondam Gulielmi qui fuit filius et filiaster atque germanus noster", by charter dated Aug 951[19]. The dating of this charter is dubious, assuming that Gilberga´s date of birth is correct as shown above.

Aleramo & his first wife had three children:

1. GUGLIELMO (-[before Aug 951]). "Berengarius et Adelbertus filius eius…Reges" confirmed a donation to the abbey of Grazano by "Aledramus Marchio filius Gulielmi Comitis et Gilberga filius D. Berengarii Regis, et Anselmus seu Oddo germani lege viventes Salica", for the soul of "quondam Gulielmi qui fuit filius et filiaster atque germanus noster", by charter dated Aug 951[20]. The dating of this charter is dubious, assuming that Gilberga´s date of birth is correct as shown above.

2. ANSELMO (-[999/1014]). "Berengarius et Adelbertus filius eius…Reges" confirmed a donation to the abbey of Grazano by "Aledramus Marchio filius Gulielmi Comitis et Gilberga filius D. Berengarii Regis, et Anselmus seu Oddo germani lege viventes Salica", for the soul of "quondam Gulielmi qui fuit filius et filiaster atque germanus noster", by charter dated Aug 951[21]. Marchese della Liguria Orientale 991.

- MARCHESI del VASTO, MARCHESI di SALUZZO.

3. ODDONE (-before 991). "Berengarius et Adelbertus filius eius…Reges" confirmed a donation to the abbey of Grazano by "Aledramus Marchio filius Gulielmi Comitis et Gilberga filius D. Berengarii Regis, et Anselmus seu Oddo germani lege viventes Salica", for the soul of "quondam Gulielmi qui fuit filius et filiaster atque germanus noster", by charter dated Aug 951[22]. m --- di Piacenza, daughter of RIPRANDO Conte di Piacenza & his wife ---. Oddone & his wife had four children:

a) GUGLIELMO [I] (-before 20 Oct 1040). "Anselmo Marchio filius bonæ memoriæ Aledrami itemque Marchio et Gisla comitissa jugalibus filiæ Adalberti, similique Marchioque Willielmus et Riprandus germanis filio bonæ memoriæ Oddoni…Gisla ex natione mea legem…Longobardorum et nunc pro viro legem…Salica…" founded the monastery of Santo Quintini di Spigno by charter dated 991[23].

- see below.

b) RIPRANDO . "Anselmo Marchio filius bonæ memoriæ Aledrami itemque Marchio et Gisla comitissa jugalibus filiæ Adalberti, similique Marchioque Willielmus et Riprandus germanis filio bonæ memoriæ Oddoni…Gisla ex natione mea legem…Longobardorum et nunc pro viro legem…Salica…" founded the monastery of Santo Quintini di Spigno by charter dated 991[24]. 1021. "Heinricus…imperator" confirmed the property of the abbey of Fruttuaria, referring to property donated by "Ugo clericus et mater eius et fratres eius Anselmi marchionis filii et Vuillilemus et Raprandus fratres filii marchionis Oddoni", by charter dated 1014[25]. m ---. The name of Riprando's wife is not known. Riprando & his wife had one child:

i) OTTONE (-after 1040). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified.

- MARCHESI di OCCIMIANO.

c) OTA . The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. m OTTO di Monfaleone .

d) WALDRADA (-after 1029). "Agelburga…relicta quondam Frugerii et Wido seu Gariardus germani filii" sold property "in comitatu Motinensi in loco…Sorbaria…alia in comitatu Parmensi" to "Walderada filia quondam Oddonis qui fuit Marchio" by charter dated 21 Jan 1029[26].

GUGLIELMO [I], son of ODDONE & his wife --- di Piacenza (-before 20 Oct 1040). "Anselmo Marchio filius bonæ memoriæ Aledrami itemque Marchio et Gisla comitissa jugalibus filiæ Adalberti, similique Marchioque Willielmus et Riprandus germanis filio bonæ memoriæ Oddoni…Gisla ex natione mea legem…Longobardorum et nunc pro viro legem…Salica…" founded the monastery of Santo Quintini di Spigno by charter dated 991[27]. Lord of the March of Monferrato [Marchio Monferratensis]. "Heinricus…imperator" confirmed the property of the abbey of Fruttuaria, referring to property donated by "Ugo clericus et mater eius et fratres eius Anselmi marchionis filii et Vuillilemus et Raprandus fratres filii marchionis Oddoni", by charter dated 1014[28].

m WAZA, daughter of --- (-before 29 Jan 1042). The Libro miraculorum S. Bononii records a visit to the church by "Uvaza Villelmi Marchionis uxor" dated to 1030[29].

Guglielmo [I] & his wife had [four] children:

1. OTTONE . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Lord of the March of Monferrato [Marchio Monferratensis].

- see below.

2. ENRICO (-[14 Mar 1044/1045]). Lord of the March of Monferrato [Marchio Monferratensis]. "Heynricus marchio filius quondam Uuilielmi similique marchioni et Adalagide cometisse jugales filia bone memorie Odolrici qui et Maginfredi similique marchionis" donated churches to the church of Torino by charter dated 29 Jan 1042[30]. "Henricus marchio filius quondam Wilielmi similiter marchioni et Adalena comitissa jugales filia quondam bo. me. Oldrici…Maginfredi…marchioni" donated property to San Antonino by charter dated 1043[31]. "Adalania comitissa filia quondam Odolricus…Magenfridi et conjux Enricus" donated property to Santa Maria di Cavorre by charter dated 1043[32]. Rivaz, in his compiled index of Burgundian charters. notes a charter dated 1043 under which "Henri marquis de Monferrat et Adelaide de Susa son épouse" donated the church of Santa Agata, Susa to the monastery of Saint-Antonin[33]. "Domnus Henricus marchio filius quondam Vuilielmi…marchio et domna Adeleita cometissa iugales, filia quondam Odelrici qui et Magnifredi…marchionis" donated property to Pinerolo by charter dated 14 Mar [1044][34]. m (before 19 Jan 1042) as her second husband, ADELAIDA Marchesa di Susa, widow of HERMANN IV Duke of Swabia, daughter of MANFREDO UDALRICO Marchese di Susa Conte di Turino & his wife Berta degli Obertenghi (Turin 1020-Canischio in Canavese 27 Dec 1091, bur Turin, cathedral of San Giovanni). Her first marriage is confirmed by Herimannus who records that "Hermannus quoque dux Alamanniæ" was granted "marcham soceri sui Maginfredi in Italia" by the emperor in 1034[35]. "Heynricus marchio filius quondam Uuilielmi similique marchioni et Adalagide cometisse jugales filia bone memorie Odolrici qui et Maginfredi similique marchionis" donated churches to the church of Torino by charter dated 29 Jan 1042[36]. "Henricus marchio filius quondam Wilielmi similiter marchioni et Adalena comitissa jugales filia quondam bo. me. Oldrici…Maginfredi…marchioni" donated property to San Antonino by charter dated 1043[37]. "Adalania comitissa filia quondam Odolricus…Magenfridi et conjux Enricus" donated property to Santa Maria di Cavorre by charter dated 1043[38]. Rivaz, in his compiled index of Burgundian charters. notes a charter dated 1043 under which "Henri marquis de Monferrat et Adelaide de Susa son épouse" donated the church of Santa Agata, Susa to the monastery of Saint-Antonin[39]. "Domnus Henricus marchio filius quondam Vuilielmi…marchio et domna Adeleita cometissa iugales, filia quondam Odelrici qui et Magnifredi…marchionis" donated property to Pinerolo by charter dated 14 Mar [1044][40]. She married thirdly ([1046]) Oddon de Maurienne Comte de Chablais [Savoie]. The Annalista Saxo names "Adelheidis que soror erat comitis qui agnominatus est de Monte Bardonis in Italia et Immule seu Irmingardis" as wife of "Ottonis marchionis de Italia"[41]. She was regent for her son in 1060 after the death of her husband, playing a significant role in support of Heinrich IV King of Germany, her son-in-law, in his disputes with the Papacy. She mediated with Pope Gregory VII when King Heinrich submitted to him at Canossa in 1077, and received in return the town of Bugey for the house of Savoy[42]. The necrology of Schaffhausen records the death "XIV Kal Jan" of "Adelheida Taurinensis comitissa"[43]. "Heinricus…Romanorum imperator augustus" confirmed the possessions of the church at Asti by undated charter placed in the compilation with other charters dated 1093, which notes among others property in "comitatum [Astensi]…habuit et tenuit Adheledis comitissa"[44].

3. [GIULITTA (-after 4 May 1080). "Ugo comes filio b. m. Rodulfi qui fuit similiter comes et Juletta jugales et filia b. m. Wilelmi qui fuit marchio" made commitments regarding "castello…Suvereto" to the bishop of Lucca by charter dated 4 May 1080[45]. It is not certain that "Wilelmi…marchio" in this document was the same person as Guglielmo [I] Marchese di Monferrato, but no other Marchese Guglielmo has been identified at that time. m UGO, son of RODOLFO & his wife --- (-after 4 May 1080).]

4. [BURGUNDO . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. 1081.] m ---. The name of Burgundo's wife is not known. Burgundo & his wife had two children:

a) GUGLIELMO . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified.

b) MATILDA (-after 31 Jul 1081). "Rambaldus Comes, filius Rambaldi Comitis de Civitate Tarvisii et Magthilda filia Burgundi Marchionis, conjugales" donated property to "monasterio ecclesie sancti Eustachii…in…Montelli…Narvisia" by charter dated 31 Jul 1081[46]. m RAMBALDO [II] Conte di Treviso, son of RAMBALDO [I] Conte di Treviso & his wife --- (-after 31 Jul 1081).

B. MARCHESI di OCCIMIANO

OTTONE, son of RIPRANDO & his wife --- (-after 1040). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified.

m ---. The name of Ottone's wife is not known.

Ottone & his wife had three children:

1. RIPRANDO . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified.

2. OBERTO [I] (-after 1111). 1061/1100. "Marchionum Rainerii et Oberti eius consanguinei" donated the church of San Martino di Zenzano to the church of Casale by charter dated 1111, witnessed by "Boiamundus de Manciano nepos marchionis Oberti…"[47]. m ---. The name of Oberto's wife is not known. Oberto & his wife had [four] children:

a) --- . m ---. Two children:

i) ENRICO (-after 11 Jul 1147). Marchese di Occimiano. "Wilielmum filium quondam Oberti marchionis" sold property "in loco et fundo Mirabelli" the church of Casale by charter dated 11 Jul 1147, witnessed by "Galiane iugalis…Oberti marchionis…fratre suo…Anrici marchionis et Allerami fratris eius, Wilielmi de Forio"[48].

ii) ALERAMO [I] (-after 11 Jul 1147). "Wilielmum filium quondam Oberti marchionis" sold property "in loco et fundo Mirabelli" the church of Casale by charter dated 11 Jul 1147, witnessed by "Galiane iugalis…Oberti marchionis…fratre suo…Anrici marchionis et Allerami fratris eius, Wilielmi de Forio"[49].

b) [daughter . The charter dated 1111 which is quoted below suggests that Boemondo´s mother was the sister of Marchese Oberto [II], assuming that the word nepos in the document should be interpreted as nephew.] m --- di Mansano, son of ---. One child:

i) BOEMONDO di Mansano (-after 1111). "Marchionum Rainerii et Oberti eius consanguinei" donated the church of San Martino di Zenzano to the church of Casale by charter dated 1111, witnessed by "Boiamundus de Manciano nepos marchionis Oberti…"[50].

c) OBERTO [II] (-before 1147). "Obertus marchio filius cuiusdam item Oberti" and "Berta que et Adaelasia jugalis filia cuiusdam Darnadi et Wilielmus atque Aledran et Bernardus, Riprandus et Obertus pater et filii" donated "priori de Castelleto" to Cluny by charter dated 21 Nov 1127[51]. Marchese. "Obertus Marchio" swore allegiance to the bishop of Asti by charter dated 19 Jul 1119 "per viam inter Occimianum et Fraxenetum"[52]. m BERTA [Adelasia], daughter of DARNADO & his wife ---. "Obertus marchio filius cuiusdam item Oberti" and "Berta que et Adaelasia jugalis filia cuiusdam Darnadi et Wilielmus atque Aledran et Bernardus, Riprandus et Obertus pater et filii" donated "priori de Castelleto" to Cluny by charter dated 21 Nov 1127[53]. Oberto [II] & his wife had five children:

i) GUGLIELMO (-after 11 Jul 1147). "Obertus marchio filius cuiusdam item Oberti" and "Berta que et Adaelasia jugalis filia cuiusdam Darnadi et Wilielmus atque Aledran et Bernardus, Riprandus et Obertus pater et filii" donated "priori de Castelleto" to Cluny by charter dated 21 Nov 1127[54]. "Wilielmum filium quondam Oberti marchionis" sold property "in loco et fundo Mirabelli" the church of Casale by charter dated 11 Jul 1147, witnessed by "Galiane iugalis…Oberti marchionis…fratre suo…Anrici marchionis et Allerami fratris eius, Wilielmi de Forio"[55]. m GALIANA, daughter of --- (-after 11 Jul 1147). "Wilielmum filium quondam Oberti marchionis" sold property "in loco et fundo Mirabelli" the church of Casale by charter dated 11 Jul 1147, witnessed by "Galiane iugalis…Oberti marchionis…fratre suo…Anrici marchionis et Allerami fratris eius, Wilielmi de Forio"[56].

ii) ALERAMO . "Obertus marchio filius cuiusdam item Oberti" and "Berta que et Adaelasia jugalis filia cuiusdam Darnadi et Wilielmus atque Aledran et Bernardus, Riprandus et Obertus pater et filii" donated "priori de Castelleto" to Cluny by charter dated 21 Nov 1127[57].

iii) BERNARDO . "Obertus marchio filius cuiusdam item Oberti" and "Berta que et Adaelasia jugalis filia cuiusdam Darnadi et Wilielmus atque Aledran et Bernardus, Riprandus et Obertus pater et filii" donated "priori de Castelleto" to Cluny by charter dated 21 Nov 1127[58]. 1149. Marchese di Occimiano.

iv) RIPRANDO . "Obertus marchio filius cuiusdam item Oberti" and "Berta que et Adaelasia jugalis filia cuiusdam Darnadi et Wilielmus atque Aledran et Bernardus, Riprandus et Obertus pater et filii" donated "priori de Castelleto" to Cluny by charter dated 21 Nov 1127[59].

v) OBERTO (-after 11 Jul 1147). "Obertus marchio filius cuiusdam item Oberti" and "Berta que et Adaelasia jugalis filia cuiusdam Darnadi et Wilielmus atque Aledran et Bernardus, Riprandus et Obertus pater et filii" donated "priori de Castelleto" to Cluny by charter dated 21 Nov 1127[60]. "Wilielmum filium quondam Oberti marchionis" sold property "in loco et fundo Mirabelli" the church of Casale by charter dated 11 Jul 1147, witnessed by "Galiane iugalis…Oberti marchionis…fratre suo…Anrici marchionis et Allerami fratris eius, Wilielmi de Forio"[61].

d) [OTTONE . "Oddo […Canefri] filii quondam Oberti comitis…ex natione mea lege…Lombardorum" donated property "in loco…Roboreti" to Santa Maria by charter dated 1107[62].]

3. GUGLIELMO di Montemagno . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Marchese di Viarigi.

1. ANSELMO (-after 5 Jul 1198). Marchese di Occimiano. A charter dated 5 Jul 1198 records an agreement between the commune of Alessandria and "Dominus Anselmus et Vermus et Conradus fratres Marchiones de Occimiano"[63].

2. GUGLIELMO (-after 5 Jul 1198). Marchese di Occimiano. A charter dated 5 Jul 1198 records an agreement between the commune of Alessandria and "Dominus Anselmus et Vermus et Conradus fratres Marchiones de Occimiano"[64].

3. CORRADO (-after 5 Jul 1198). Marchese di Occimiano. A charter dated 5 Jul 1198 records an agreement between the commune of Alessandria and "Dominus Anselmus et Vermus et Conradus fratres Marchiones de Occimiano"[65].

1. ALERAMO [II] . Marchese di Occimiano. m ---. The name of Aleramo´s wife is not known. Aleramo [II] & his wife had two children:

a) OBERTO (-after 7 Apr 1269). Marchese di Occimiano. "Domini Obertus et Bonifacius marchiones Occimiani et filii condam domini Alerami marchionis" settled disputes with the church of Casale, arbitrated by "dominum Guillelmum Tortam", by charter dated 7 Apr 1269[66].

b) BONIFAZIO (-after 7 Apr 1269). Marchese di Occimiano. "Domini Obertus et Bonifacius marchiones Occimiani et filii condam domini Alerami marchionis" settled disputes with the church of Casale, arbitrated by "dominum Guillelmum Tortam", by charter dated 7 Apr 1269[67].

C. MARCHESI di MONFERRATO 1111-1305

OTTONE, son of Marchese GUGLIELMO & his wife Waza --- . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Lord of the March of Monferrato [Marchio Monferratensis]. "Ottone marchione et comite Montisferratensi" consented to the donation by "Oldericus marchio filius b. m. Widonis marchionis, et Julita comitissa uxor eius" donated property to "monasterii S. Silani…juxta flumen Sicidæ in loco Romagnano" by charter dated 20 Oct 1040[68].

m ---. The name of Ottone's wife is not known.

Ottone & his wife had two children:

1. GUGLIELMO [III] (-[1084/85] or before 28 Dec 1101). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Marchese di Ravenna. [A highly speculative theory is noted under ANTIOCH, which is a possible co-identity between Marchese Guglielmo [III] and Marchese Guglielmo/Odo, the father of Tancred Prince of Antioch, nephew on his mother's side of Bohemond of Apulia Prince of Antioch. If this is correct, the first wife of Marchese Guglielmo [III] was Emma, daughter of Robert "Guiscard" Duke of Apulia. Tancred's father enjoyed a sufficiently prominent position in southern Italy to be described only as "the Marquis" in many contemporary records. No suitable southern Italian family of which he may have been a member has been identified. It does appear that the title "marchese" in Italy was at that time limited to families in the north, a logical conclusion considering the original purpose of the "march" being a border area into which a powerful government (in the case of northern Italy, Germany) was pushing its jurisdiction. Tancred's own illustrious marriage to the daughter of Philippe I King of France in 1106 is also best explained if the bridegroom had good family connections on his father's, as well as his mother's, side of the family. The validity of the theory depends, however, on whether any connection can be proved between Marchese Guglielmo [III] and southern Italy. If further information shows that Marchese Guglielmo's activities were confined to the north, it is improbable that the theory would be correct.] m firstly ---. The name of Guglielmo´s first wife is not known, other than the speculation noted above. This first marriage is indicated by the absence of Guglielmo´s son Enrico from the charter dated 28 Dec 1101 which names his two other known sons and their mother. m secondly OTTA di Agledo, daughter of TEBALDO di Agledo [from Ravenna] & his wife --- (-after 28 Dec 1101). "Vuilielmus et Reinerius fratres et Marchiones filii quondam item Vuilelmi Marchionis de Ravenna seu Otta comitissa mater et filii et filia quondam Tebaldi de Agldo et relicta jam dicta quondam Vuilelmi Marchionis quondam vir meus" donated property to the church of Vercelli by charter dated 28 Dec 1101[69]. Guglielmo [III] & his first wife had one child:

a) ENRICO [II] "il Balbo" (-before 4 Jan 1127). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Marchese di Rocchetta. m ---. The name of Enrico's wife is not known. Enrico & his wife had one child:

i) BERNARDO . "Rainerius Marchio filius quondam Vilielmi Marchionis et Ardicius filius quondam item Ardicionis et Bernardus filius quondam Henrici" donated property to the monastery of "Virginis Mariæ sito in loco Lucedii" by charter dated 4 Jan 1126 (O.S.)[70]. Marchese di Rocchetta. 1127/35. m ---. The name of Bernardo's wife is not known. Bernardo & his wife had one child:

(a) DOMICELLA . The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. Heiress of Rocchetta. The Annals of Ottobono record that "Donexella uxor quondam Alberti marchionis de Incisa et filii eius" were captured by the consuls of Genoa in 1188/89[71]. m ALBERTO Marchese di Incisa, son of --- (-before 1189).

Guglielmo [III] & his second wife had two children:

b) GUGLIELMO [IV] "Inforzato" (-before 4 Jan 1127). "Vuilielmus et Reinerius fratres et Marchiones filii quondam item Vuilelmi Marchionis de Ravenna seu Otta comitissa mater et filii et filia quondam Tebaldi de Agldo et relicta jam dicta quondam Vuilelmi Marchionis quondam vir meus" donated property to the church of Vercelli by charter dated 28 Dec 1101[72].

c) RANIERI di Monferrato (-[1135/37]). "Vuilielmus et Reinerius fratres et Marchiones filii quondam item Vuilelmi Marchionis de Ravenna seu Otta comitissa mater et filii et filia quondam Tebaldi de Agldo et relicta jam dicta quondam Vuilelmi Marchionis quondam vir meus" donated property to the church of Vercelli by charter dated 28 Dec 1101[73]. Marchese di Monferrato.

- see below.

2. ARDIZZONE [I] (-before 4 Jan 1127). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. m RICHELDA, daughter of ---. The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified. Ardizzone [I] & his wife had one child:

a) ARDIZZONE [II] (-before 1172). "Rainerius Marchio filius quondam Vilielmi Marchionis et Ardicius filius quondam item Ardicionis et Bernardus filius quondam Henrici" donated property to the monastery of "Virginis Mariæ sito in loco Lucedii" by charter dated 4 Jan 1126 (O.S.)[74]. Marchese, at Felizzano. "Marchio Ragnerius filius quondam Willielmi et Gisla jugalis filia quondam Vialii, sive Willielmus filius iam dicti Ragnerii nec non et Julitta jugalis filia Lupaldi, atque Ardezonus filius quondam item Ardezonii" donated property to the monastery of Locedio by charter dated 28 Mar 1133 "in castro…Monsbellus"[75]. m ---. The name of Ardizzone's wife is not known. Ardizzone [II] & his wife had three children:

i) RANIERI . 1193.

ii) BONIFAZIO . 1193. Ancestor of the Signori di Asti.

iii) ENRICO . 1193/97.

RANIERI di Monferrato, son of GUGLIELMO III Marchese di Ravenna & his second wife Otta di Agledo (-[1135/37]). "Vuilielmus et Reinerius fratres et Marchiones filii quondam item Vuilelmi Marchionis de Ravenna seu Otta comitissa mater et filii et filia quondam Tebaldi de Agldo et relicta jam dicta quondam Vuilelmi Marchionis quondam vir meus" donated property to the church of Vercelli by charter dated 28 Dec 1101[76]. "Rainerius Marchio filius quondam Vilielmi Marchionis et Ardicius filius quondam item Ardicionis et Bernardus filius quondam Henrici" donated property to the monastery of "Virginis Mariæ sito in loco Lucedii" by charter dated 4 Jan 1126 (O.S.)[77]. Marchese di Monferrato. "Marchionum Rainerii et Oberti eius consanguinei" donated the church of San Martino di Zenzano to the church of Casale by charter dated 1111, witnessed by "Boiamundus de Manciano nepos marchionis Oberti…"[78]. "Marchio Ragnerius filius quondam Willielmi et Gisla jugalis filia quondam Vialii, sive Willielmus filius iam dicti Ragnerii nec non et Julitta jugalis filia Lupaldi, atque Ardezonus filius quondam item Ardezonii" donated property to the monastery of Locedio by charter dated 28 Mar 1133 "in castro…Monsbellus"[79].

m ([1105]) as her second husband, GISELE de Bourgogne-Comté, widow of HUMBERT II "le Renforcé" Comte de Maurienne et de Savoie, daughter of GUILLAUME I Comte Palatin de Bourgogne, Comte de Vienne et de Mâcon & his wife Etiennette --- ([1075]-after 1133). Her parentage is deduced from Suger saying that her daughter Adelaide, wife of Louis VI "le Gros" King of France, was the niece of Pope Calixtus II[80]. This is corroborated by "Guido Viennensis archiepiscopus" (later Pope Calixtus II) addressing a letter to "nepoti suo Amedeo comiti" (Amedée III Comte de Savoie, son of Gisèle by her first marriage) dated [1115][81]. Her date of birth is estimated from her having given birth to five children by her second husband whom she married in [1105], and assuming that she was no more than 17 years old when she gave birth to her first child by her first husband. Her second marriage is confirmed by Orderic Vitalis who records the marriage of Guillaume de Normandie and the daughter of Raniero III Marchese di Monferrato, naming both the bride's parents and specifying that the marriage was arranged by the bride's uterine half-sister, Adélaïde de Maurienne Queen of France[82]. "Marchio Ragnerius filius quondam Willielmi et Gisla jugalis filia quondam Vialii, sive Willielmus filius iam dicti Ragnerii nec non et Julitta jugalis filia Lupaldi, atque Ardezonus filius quondam item Ardezonii" donated property to the monastery of Locedio by charter dated 28 Mar 1133 "in castro…Monsbellus"[83].

Marchese Ranieri & his wife had five children:

1. GIOVANNA di Monferrato ([1107]-1191). Guillaume de Jumièges records that the Queen of France gave her sister in marriage to Guillaume[84]. Orderic Vitalis names her parents and specifies that her marriage was arranged by her uterine half-sister, Adélaïde de Maurienne Queen of France, but does not give her own name[85]. m (Jan 1127) as his second wife, GUILLAUME "Clito" de Normandie, son of ROBERT III "Curthose" Duke of Normandy & his wife Sibylle de Conversano (Rouen 1101-St Omer, Abbey of St Bertin 27 Jul 1128, bur St Omer, Abbey of St Bertin). He succeeded in Mar 1128 as GUILLAUME I Count of Flanders.

2. GUGLIELMO (1110-1191). "Marchio Ragnerius filius quondam Willielmi et Gisla jugalis filia quondam Vialii, sive Willielmus filius iam dicti Ragnerii nec non et Julitta jugalis filia Lupaldi, atque Ardezonus filius quondam item Ardezonii" donated property to the monastery of Locedio by charter dated 28 Mar 1133 "in castro…Monsbellus"[86]. He succeeded his father in [1137] as GUGLIELMO V "il Vecchio" Marchese di Monferrato.

- see below.

3. MATILDA (-after 1166). The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. m ALBERTO di Massa "Zueta" Marchese di Gavi e Parodi [Obertenghi], son of GUGLIELMO FRANCESCO detto Francigena di Massa, Marchese di Parodi (-[1148/66]).

4. ADALASIA . The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified. 1167/69. Nun at Vandieu in Provence.

5. ISABELLA . William of Tyre names "Guido comes de Blandrada qui prædicti marchionis [Guglielmo V] sororem habebat uxorem" when recording his presence with Konrad III King of Germany in Palestine in 1148[87]. The primary source which confirms her name has not yet been identified. m GUIDO [IV] Conte di Biandrate, son of ALBERTO Conte di Biandrate & his wife --- (-after 26 Aug 1172).

GUGLIELMO di Monferrato, son of RANIERI III Marchese di Monferrato & his wife Gisèle de Bourgogne-Comté (1110-1191). "Marchio Ragnerius filius quondam Willielmi et Gisla jugalis filia quondam Vialii, sive Willielmus filius iam dicti Ragnerii nec non et Julitta jugalis filia Lupaldi, atque Ardezonus filius quondam item Ardezonii" donated property to the monastery of Locedio by charter dated 28 Mar 1133 "in castro…Monsbellus"[88]. His parentage is suggested by William of Tyre who names him "Wilelmus marchio de Monteferrato eiusdem domini imperatoris sororius" when recording his presence with Konrad III King of Germany in Palestine in 1148[89], and "avunculus" of Louis VII King of France when referring to the marriage of his son Guglielmo in 1176[90]. He succeeded his father in [1137] as GUGLIELMO V "il Vecchio" Marchese di Monferrato. Leader of the Ghibellin party in Italy. William of Tyre names him "Wilelmus marchio de Monteferrato eiusdem domini imperatoris sororius" when recording his presence with Konrad III King of Germany in Palestine in 1148[91], and "avunculus" of Louis VII King of France when referring to the marriage of his son Guglielmo in 1176[92]. "Guilelmus marchio filius quondam Rainerii…marchionis et Julita jugalis filia quondam marchionis Leopoldi de Austria" donated property to the monastery of Grassano by charter dated [15/16] Mar 1156[93]. He quarrelled with Emperor Friedrich I "Barbarossa" King of Germany and lent support to the Italian policy of Emperor Manuel I[94]. "Dominus Wilielmus Montisferrati marchio…et Bonefacius eius filius" renounced their rights in property in Cinaglio in favour of the church of Casale by charter dated 3 Sep 1184[95]. He arrived in Palestine in 1185 and was given a small fief in Galilee[96]. Saladin captured him and threatened to kill him unless his son Corrado surrendered Tyre but spared his life when his son refused[97]. He was released and allowed to return to his son at Tyre in Jul 1188[98].

m (before 28 Mar 1133) JUDITH of Austria, daughter of LEOPOLD III "der Heilige" Markgraf of Austria [Babenberg] & his second wife Agnes of Germany [Staufen] (-after 1178). The wife of Marchese Guglielmo is recorded by William of Tyre as sister of Konrad III King of Germany[99]. The Continuatio Claustroneoburgensis names "Iuta" as fifth daughter of "Liupoldus marchio Austrie" and "Agnetem imperatoris Heinrici IV filiam", specifying that she married "marchio de monte Phetran Regengerus"[100], although this appears chronologically impossible and presumably refers to Marchese Guglielmo. The Cronica Alberti de Bezanis refers to the wife of "Gulielmus marchio Montisferati" as "sororem domini Conradi regis Romanorum et domini Frederici ducis Suevorum"[101]. "Marchio Ragnerius filius quondam Willielmi et Gisla jugalis filia quondam Vialii, sive Willielmus filius iam dicti Ragnerii nec non et Julitta jugalis filia Lupaldi, atque Ardezonus filius quondam item Ardezonii" donated property to the monastery of Locedio by charter dated 28 Mar 1133 "in castro…Monsbellus"[102]. "Guilelmus marchio filius quondam Rainerii…marchionis et Julita jugalis filia quondam marchionis Leopoldi de Austria" donated property to the monastery of Grassano by charter dated [15/16] Mar 1156[103].

Marchese Guglielmo & his wife had [nine] children:

1. GUGLIELMO "Longa-Espia" di Monferrato ([1135/45]-Jun 1177). The Cronica Alberti de Bezanis names "Gullielmus Spatam-longam, Conradum, Bonifacium, Fredericum et Raynerium" as the five sons of "Gulielmus marchio Montisferati" & his wife[104]. He is named "Guilhelm Longa-Espia" in the song by Peire Bremon "En abril, quan vei verdeyar"[105]. William of Tyre names him "dominus Willelmus marcho cognominatus Longaspata filius marchionis Willelmi senioris de Monteferrato" when recording his landing at Sidon in Oct 1176, marriage a few days later, and installation as Count of Jaffa and Ascalon[106]. His marriage was probably arranged on the suggestion of Louis VII King of France. He died of malaria[107]. m (Oct 1176) as her first husband, SIBYLLE of Jerusalem, daughter of Amaury I King of Jerusalem & his first wife Agnès de Courtenay ([1160]-[Sep/21 Oct] 1190). She succeeded in 1186 as Queen of Jerusalem.

- KINGS of JERUSALEM.

2. [BEATRICE (-bur Notre Dame de Grenoble). Marchese Guglielmo´s supposed daughter Beatrice is shown in many secondary sources but it is possible that she never existed. The wife of Dauphin Guigues [VII] is named Beatrix in secondary sources but the primary source which confirms that this is correct has not yet been identified. Her origin has been the subject of considerable controversy. The Vita Margaritæ Albonensis comitissæ records that the son of Marguerite de Viennois married "Imperatore…consanguineam"[108]. The Aymari Rivalli De Allobrogibus records that "Guigo tertius" married "neptem…primi Federici imperatoris"[109]. Chorier´s Histoire de Dauphiné names her Beatrice, daughter of Guglielmo V Marchese di Monferrato & his wife Judith of Austria, stating that her parentage is confirmed by letters from Emperor Friedrich I, dated 1168, addressed to "Guigoni Dalphino" which refer to her as "filia Guillelmi comitis Montisferrati"[110]. This document has not been found in a search of the MGH compilation of diplomas of Emperor Friedrich. Usseglio suggests that Chorier´s hypothesis is based on a misinterpretation of a charter of Emperor Friedrich II, dated Mar 1238, which is addressed to "Beatricis filiæ quondam Guillelmi Marchionis Montisferrati" (who was the daughter of Guglielmo VI Marchese di Monferrato, and widow of Dauphin André), and confirms privileges granted to Dauphin Guigues [VII] in 1155[111]. According to Europäische Stammtafeln[112], Beatrice married secondly Enrico Marchese di Caretto. However, the only primary source which suggests this second marriage appears to be the late 13th/14th century Vida of the poet Raimbaut de Vaqueiras which describes her as sister of Bonifazio Marchese di Monferrato and states that she married "Enric del Caret "[113]. However, Raimbaut de Vaqueiras himself calls her "filha del marques" in the famous 'Carros', 'Truan, mala guerra', composed in [1200/01], which emphasises her youth[114], which seems to suggest that the Beatrice in question must have been the daughter not sister of Marchese Bonifazio. A marriage with Dauphin Guigues would therefore be chronologically impossible. m [firstly] ([1155]) GUIGUES [VII] Dauphin de Viennois Comte d'Albon, son of GUIGUES [VI] Dauphin de Viennois & his wife Clémence [Marguerite] de Mâcon [Bourgogne-Comté] (-Château de Vizille 29 Jul 1162, bur Notre Dame de Grenoble). [m secondly ENRICO [I] del Carretto Marchese di Finale "il Guercio", son of BONIFAZIO Marchese del Vasto & his wife Agnès de Vermandois (Clavesana [1115]-Finale 1184).]

3. CORRADO di Monferrato ([1145/47]-murdered Tyre 28 Apr 1192). The Cronica Alberti de Bezanis names "Gullielmus Spatam-longam, Conradum, Bonifacium, Fredericum et Raynerium" as the five sons of "Gulielmus marchio Montisferati" & his wife[115]. William of Tyre (Continuator) names him as son of "le marquis Boniface", but clarifies this error by specifying that his nephew was king of Jerusalem[116]. "Dominus Wilielmus Montisferrati marchio…et Bonefacius eius filius" renounced their rights in property in Cinaglio in favour of the church of Casale by charter dated 3 Sep 1184[117]. "Dominus Conradus filius marchionis Montisferrati" granted free passage through the straits of Chivasso to the abbeys of Staffarda and Casanova by charter dated 10 Oct 1186, witnessed by "dominus Bergungius Sancti Nazarii dominus Rainerius frater eius…"[118]. He arrived in Constantinople in [1186] and was placed in command of the troops which crushed the rebellion of Theodoros Branas by Emperor Isaakios II, whose sister he married[119]. On the other hand, according to Niketas Choniates he arrived at Constantinople "in spring 1187" for his marriage, and was involved in the suppression of the rebellion of General Alexios Branas[120]. The Chronicle of Ernoul also records that Corrado was involved in suppressing the rebellion of "Livernas"[121]. He was awarded the title caesar in 1187. Leaving Constantinople, he landed at Tyre 14 Jul 1187. He took command of the defence of the city against Saladin, who was unable to capture it[122]. He sent Josias Archbishop of Tyre to the Pope in late summer 1187 to inform him of the plight of the kingdom of Jerusalem[123]. He refused to surrender Tyre to Guy de Lusignan King of Jerusalem in 1188 and 1189, but was persuaded by Ludwig III "der Milde" Landgraf of Thuringia to join in King Guy's attack on Acre[124]. During the early part of the siege, he and King Guy settled their differences, with Corrado agreeing to recognise Guy as king while Corrado would continue to hold Tyre, together with Beirut and Sidon[125]. After the death of Queen Sibylle in 1190, Balian of Ibelin and his wife Queen Maria (mother of Isabelle of Jerusalem) considered Corrado a better candidate for the throne of Jerusalem than King Guy I. They therefore engineered his marriage to Isabelle, now heir to the throne, despite the fact that his previous two wives may still both have been alive at the time[126]. After his marriage, Corrado returned to Tyre, refusing to assume the throne of Jerusalem unless King Guy abdicated[127]. After the capitulation of Acre 12 Jul 1191, a meeting of the European dignitaries decided that Guy de Lusignan should remain as king of Jerusalem until his death, after which the crown would pass to Corrado, his wife Isabelle and their issue. Meanwhile Corrado would be lord of Tyre, Beirut and Sidon, and he and King Guy would share the royal revenues[128]. He succeeded his father in 1191 as CORRADO Marchese di Monferrato. After further quarrels between the crusader leaders, a council called by Richard King of England in Apr 1192 decided that Corrado should replace Guy as king of Jerusalem. His coronation was planned at Acre, but a few days later he was murdered at Tyre, apparently by two Assassins hired by Sheikh Sinan in revenge for an act of piracy against one of his merchant ships[129]. m firstly ---. According to Niketas Choniates, Corrado was "recently widowed" in late 1186-early 1187[130]. m secondly (early 1187, abandoned [May/Jun] 1187) THEODORA Angelina, daughter of ANDRONIKOS Dukas Angelos & his wife Euphrosyne Kastamonitissa (-after 1195). The Cronica Fratris Salimbene de Adam records the marriage of "sororem suam [Ysachii] Hermem" and "Conrado marchionis filio"[131]. Niketas Choniates records the marriage of "Conradi…Montisferrati domini filius" and "Imperatoris Isaacius…sorore Theodora"[132]. After she was repudiated, she became a nun at Dalmatios convent. m thirdly (24 Nov 1190) as her second husband, ISABELLE of Jerusalem, divorced wife of HONFROY [IV] Lord of Toron, daughter of AMAURY I King of Jerusalem & his second wife Maria Komnene (1172-before May 1206). She succeeded in 1192 as ISABELLE Queen of Jerusalem. She married thirdly (5 May 1192) Henri II Comte de Champagne, and fourthly (Oct 1198) as his second wife, Amaury I King of Cyprus.

- KINGS of JERUSALEM.

4. BONIFAZIO (1150-killed in battle 4 Sep 1207). The Cronica Alberti de Bezanis names "Gullielmus Spatam-longam, Conradum, Bonifacium, Fredericum et Raynerium" as the five sons of "Gulielmus marchio Montisferati" & his wife[133]. He succeeded his brother in 1192 as BONIFAZIO I Marchese di Monferrato.

- see below.

5. FEDERIGO . The Cronica Alberti de Bezanis names "Gullielmus Spatam-longam, Conradum, Bonifacium, Fredericum et Raynerium" as the five sons of "Gulielmus marchio Montisferati" & his wife, specifying that "Fredericum…clericali cingulo militabat…Galbensis episcopus"[134]. Bishop of Alba. The Chronica Jacobi de Aquis, dated to 1334, names "Federico" as the fifth son of "Gulielmo vechio figlolo di Raynerio" adding that he was a bishop[135].

6. RANIERI di Monferrato (1163-poisoned [19/31] Aug 1182). The Cronica Alberti de Bezanis names "Gullielmus Spatam-longam, Conradum, Bonifacium, Fredericum et Raynerium" as the five sons of "Gulielmus marchio Montisferati" & his wife[136]. William of Tyre names him and his father, when recording his marriage, specifying that he was "adolescens" at the time[137]. According to Europäische Stammtafeln[138], he was born in 1163, but this appears late bearing in mind the marriage date of Ranieri's parents, although it is broadly consistent with William of Tyre's describing him as "adolescens" when he married. He converted to Orthodoxy and adopted the name IOANNES in Byzantium. He was granted the title caesar by his father-in-law in 1180, along with extensive estates in Thessaloniki[139]. This grant provided the basis for the claim to Thessaloniki in 1204 by Bonifazio, older brother of Ranieri, after the capture of Constantinople by the armies of the Fourth Crusade. After the death of Emperor Manuel in 1180, Ranieri and his wife became the focus of opposition to the regency of her stepmother, dowager Empress Maria. Andronikos Komnenos ordered their murder after seizing power as co-Emperor in May 1182. m (Feb 1180) MARIA Komnene, daughter of Emperor MANUEL I & his first wife Bertha von Sulzbach ([Mar 1152]-poisoned Jul 1182). Robert of Torigny records the marriage in 1180 of "Manuel imperator Constantinopolitano…filiam suam natam ex priore uxore sua" and "Rainerio filio Willelmi principis Montis Ferrati"[140]. Niketas Choniates records the marriage between "Maria filia [Manuelis]" and "filius Montisferrati marchionis, adolescenti"[141]. She and her husband became the focus of opposition to the regency of the dowager Empress Maria. She was put to death with her husband by Emperor Andronikos I.

7. AGNESE (-1202). Benvenuto di San Giorgio names "Agnete…moglie di Guido Guerra Conte di Romagna e di Casentino" as one of the daughters of "Guglielmo…e Giulia ovvero Giulita figliuola di Leopoldo Marchese d´Austria" but does not cite the corresponding primary source[142]. The primary source which confirms her marriage has not yet been identified. "Domina Agnexia filia domini Guilielmi Montisferrati marchionis" renounced her rights in "castro…Podius Bonizosive Martura" in favour of "Rainerio fratri suo et filio suprascripti marchionis" by charter dated 6 May 1178[143]. She became a nun at Santa Maria di Rocca delle Donne after her divorce. m (before 1164, divorced late 1170s) as his first wife, Conte GUIDO [III] Guidi, son of --- (-1213).

8. ALASIA (-[after 24 Jun 1231]). A continuation of the Chronica Jacobi de Aquis names "Alasia figlola di Gulielmo Marchese di Monferrato" as the first wife of "Manfredo…Marchese…di Salucio", son of "Manfredo"[144]. "Marchioni Manfredo marchionis Salutii filius" donated property to "Adilasie mee uxor filie Wilielmi marchionis Montisferrati" by charter dated 1182[145]. "Manfredo figlio del Marchese di Saluzzo" donated property by charter dated Jun 1182 with the consent of "Adelaide sua Consorte figlia del Marchese Guglielmo di Monferrato"[146]. "Domina Alasia de Saluciis committissa uxor quondam domini Mainfredi filii quondam Bonifacii…marchionis" sold "villam Rivifrigidi" [Rifreddo] to "domine Agneti sue filie et filie dicti domini Mainfredi marchionis", with the advice and consent of "domini Guidonis de Plozasco", by charter dated 14 May 1219[147]. "Domine A Salutiarum comitisse" confirmed an exchange of property by Riffredo monastery by charter dated 24 Jun 1231[148]. m (before Jun 1182) [as his first wife,] MANFREDO II Marchese di Saluzzo, son of MANFREDO I Marchese di Saluzzo & his wife Eleonora --- (1140-[20/27] Feb 1215).

9. daughter . The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. m (before 22 Aug 1202) Marchese ALBERTO Moro Malaspina, son of Marchese OBIZZO [I] Malaspina & his wife Maria Bianco di Vezzano (-1212).

BONIFAZIO di Monferrato, son of GUGLIELMO V "il Vecchio" Marchese di Monferrato & his wife Judith of Austria [Babenberg] (1150-killed in battle 4 Sep 1207). The Cronica Alberti de Bezanis names "Gullielmus Spatam-longam, Conradum, Bonifacium, Fredericum et Raynerium" as the five sons of "Gulielmus marchio Montisferati" & his wife[149]. Regent of Monferrato 1191. He succeeded his brother in 1192 as BONIFAZIO I Marchese di Monferrato. He assisted Emperor Heinrich VI King of Germany in his conquest of Sicily in 1194[150]. A charter dated 13 Jun 1199 records an agreement between the communes of Alessandria, Asti and Vercelli and "dominum Bonifacium marchionem Montisferrati et Gulielmum filius eius"[151]. He joined the movement for a Fourth Crusade, and was elected leader on the death of Thibaut III Comte de Champagne[152], a decision which was ratified at Soissons in Aug 1201[153]. "Bonifatius marchio Montisferrati" granted the right to wood in "bosco Lucedii" to the church of Casale by charter dated 21 Jul 1202[154]. Under the terms of the partition of the Byzantine Empire agreed in March 1204 between Venice and the crusading armies, approximately ³/₈ of the territory of the former empire was to be distributed between the crusaders. Bonifazio, as leader of the crusade, expected to be installed as emperor of the newly formed Latin Empire of Constantinople. He married the widow of ex-Emperor Isaakios II in order to advance his claims, but he was outmanoeuvred by Enrico Dandolo Doge of Venice who secured the appointment of Baudouin IX Count of Flanders whom he considered a less powerful candidate[155]. Bonifazio was assigned a large fief in Anatolia, but demanded Thessaloniki which he claimed belonged as of right to his family since Emperor Manuel I had granted his brother Ranieri a large estate there. At a meeting with Venetian representatives at Adrianople 12 Aug 1204, he ceded the island of Crete (which he claimed had been given as a fief to his brother Ranieri by Emperor Manuel I) to Venice and bought Venice's rights to Thessaloniki[156]. Bonifazio captured Demotika and besieged Adrianople to press his claim. Peace was soon mediated, and Emperor Baudouin exchanged Demotika for Thessaloniki, where Bonifazio declared himself King of Thessaloniki. He extended his kingdom northwards to include Macedonia and southwards into Thessaly[157]. His fiefs were Othon de la Roche (for Attika and Boetia, later to form the duchy of Athens), Guillaume de Champlitte and, after his death, Geoffroy de Villehardouin (for the principality of Achaia or Morea in Peloponese). He was faced with continual threats from the north from the Bulgarians and, against this common threat, allied himself with Henri Latin Emperor of Constantinople, confirmed by the marriage of his daughter to the emperor[158]. He was killed by a small Bulgarian raiding party, his head being sent as a trophy to Kalojan Tsar of Bulgaria[159]. The Cronica of Sicardi Bishop of Cremona records the death in 1207 of "Bonifacius marchio Montis-ferrati" killed in battle[160].

m firstly (before 1171) ELENA di Bosco, daughter of ---. The Chronica Jacobi de Aquis, dated to 1334, names "la figliola del Marchese del Bosco" as the first wife of "Bonifacio"[161]. The primary source which confirms her name and the name of her father has not yet been identified. 1179.

m secondly ([late 1186/early 1187]) ---. According to Niketas Choniates, Bonifazio had remarried in late 1186-early 1187[162]. The identity of his second wife is not known. [The following source suggests that she was Jeanne de Châtillon, daughter of Renaud de Châtillon-sur-Loing & his first wife Constance Pss of Antioch. The reasons noted below suggest that this is unlikely to be correct. The Lignages d'Outremer name "Maria e Joanna" as the two daughters of "Rinaldo de Castellion" and his wife "Costanza…la Nova Princessa", stating that Jeanne married "el re de Salonichio" and died without heirs[163]. This is the only reference so far found to this daughter but, if it is correct, "el re de Salonichio" can only refer to Bonifazio di Monferrato. If the date of this marriage is correctly reported by Niketas, Jeanne would have been considerably younger than her sister Agnes. In addition, Jeanne would have been the maternal aunt of Bonifazio's third wife which suggests problems of affinity and the consequent difficulty of obtaining Papal dispensation for that later marriage.]

m thirdly (May 1204) as her second husband, MARGIT of Hungary, widow of Emperor ISAAKIOS II, daughter of BÉLA III King of Hungary & his first wife Agnès [Anna] de Châtillon-sur-Loing (1175-after 3 Mar 1229). The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names (in order) "Haymericum et Andream…et duas reginas Constantiam de Boemia et Margaretam de Grecia" as children of "rex Bela de Hungaria" & his wife Agnes[164]. She brought Beograd, Braničevo and probably Niš as part of her dowry for her first marriage[165]. The special wedding tax levied by Emperor Isaakios II to finance their elaborate nuptial ceremonies may have contributed to attracting support for the rebellion in Bulgaria by the brothers Ivan Asen and Tedor[166]. She adopted the name MARIA in Byzantium. The Cronica Fratris Salimbene de Adam records the marriage of "Bonifacius marchio" and "Margaritam imperatricem condam Ysachii, sororem Aimerici regis Ungari"[167]. Georgius Akropolites records that "rex Thessalonicæ" married "Mariam Ungaram", widow of "imperatori Isaacio"[168]. Villehardouin records the marriage of "the Marquis Boniface de Montferrat" and "the lady who had been the Emperor Isaac's wife…the king of Hungary's sister"[169]. Her husband installed her as Regent of Thessaloniki while he was on campaign to conquer Thessaly[170]. She was also regent for her infant son after the death of her husband, but in the face of opposition from local nobles was replaced by Uberto di Biandrate. She was restored as regent by Henri Latin Emperor of Constantinople to whom Uberto refused to swear allegiance, after the latter was captured in Euboea by the Emperor in 1209[171]. She married thirdly Nicolas de Saint-Omer Lord of Thebes (-[1217/19]). Pope Gregory IX confirmed that "[Margaretha] soror…regis Ungarie" acquired "terram…ulterior Sirmia" by bull dated 3 Mar 1229[172].

Marchese Bonifazio & his first wife had [four] children:

1. [CORRADO (-before 13 Jun 1199). The Chronica Jacobi de Aquis, dated to 1334, names "Conrado et Gulielmo" as the sons of "Bonifacio" and his first wife[173]. However, the early generations of the genealogy in this source are inaccurate, so the reliability of this information is uncertain If he did exist, and was the older son of Marchese Bonifazio, he must have died before 13 Jun 1199, the date of a charter of his father and brother Guglielmo (see above).]

2. GUGLIELMO (-Thessaly 17 Sep 1225). A charter dated 13 Jun 1199 records an agreement between the communes of Alessandria, Asti and Vercelli and "dominum Bonifacium marchionem Montisferrati et Gulielmum filius eius"[174]. He succeeded his father as GUGLIELMO VI Marchese di Monferrato.

- see below.

3. AGNESE di Monferrato (-1208). Villehardouin records the marriage of Emperor Henri and "the Marquis de Montferrat's…daughter" at Constantinople "in the church of Santa Sophia on the Sunday after Candlemas Day", naming her "the Empress Agnes"[175]. Her marriage was arranged to confirm her father's alliance against her future husband in the face of Bulgarian aggression in northern Greece[176]. m (Thessaloniki 4 Feb 1207) as his first wife, HENRI Emperor of Constantinople, son of BAUDOUIN VIII Count of Flanders [BAUDOUIN V Comte de Hainaut] & his wife Marguerite I Ctss of Flanders ([1176]-murdered 11 Jul 1216).

4. BEATRICE di Monferrato . The late 13th/14th century Vida of the poet Raimbaut de Vaqueiras describes Beatrice as sister of Bonifazio Marchese di Monferrato married to "Enric del Caret"[177]. However, Raimbaut de Vaqueiras himself calls her "filha del marques" in the famous 'Carros', 'Truan, mala guerra', composed in [1200/01], which emphasises her youth[178]. The identity of her husband "Enric del Caret" has not been established, assuming that the marriages of Enrico [II] di Caretto are correct as shown below in this document. m [ENRICO di Caretto, son of ---].

Marchese Bonifazio & his third wife had one child:

5. DEMETRIO ([1205]-Melfi 1230). The Cronica of Sicardi Bishop of Cremona names "Wilielmus in Ytalia et Demetrius aput Tessalonicam" as sons and successors of "Bonifacius marchio Montis-ferrati"[179]. The Chronica Jacobi de Aquis, dated to 1334, names "Demetrio" as the son of "Bonifacio" and his second wife[180]. He succeeded his father in 1207 as King of Thessaloniki, under the regency of his mother. The regency was taken by Uberto di Biandrate who refused to swear allegiance to Henri I Latin Emperor of Constantinople, who invaded Thessaloniki to assert his authority, captured Uberto and crowned Demetrio 6 Jan 1209[181]. Theodoros Komnenos Dukas Angelos Lord of Epirus attacked the kingdom of Thessaloniki, which had been weakened by the return of many of its knights to the west, and entered the city in Dec 1224, deposing King Demetrio[182]. He bequeathed his rights to Thessaloniki to Emperor Friedrich II King of Germany, although the latter renounced his rights in favour of Bonifazio II Marchese di Monferrato[183], and returned to Italy where he died[184]. The Ryccardus de Sancti Germano Chronica records that "rex Thessalonicensis" died "Melphie" in 1230[185].

GUGLIELMO di Monferrato, son of BONIFAZIO Marchese di Monferrato & his first wife Elena di Bosco (-Thessaly 17 Sep 1225). A charter dated 13 Jun 1199 records an agreement between the communes of Alessandria, Asti and Vercelli and "dominum Bonifacium marchionem Montisferrati et Gulielmum filius eius"[186]. The Cronica of Sicardi Bishop of Cremona names "Wilielmus in Ytalia et Demetrius aput Tessalonicam" as sons and successors of "Bonifacius marchio Montis-ferrati"[187]. The Chronica Jacobi de Aquis, dated to 1334, names "Conrado et Gulielmo" as the sons of "Bonifacio" and his first wife[188]. He succeeded his father as GUGLIELMO VI Marchese di Monferrato. "Domini Guillelmi marchionis Montisferrati" granted property to "filiorum condam domini Alberti Hencise marchionis…domini Guillelmi, Raimundi et Jacobi, et Henrici eorum nepotis" by charter dated 24 Jan 1204[189]. This charter shows that Guglielmo adopted the title Marchese before his father´s death, presumably due to his absence in Greece. He arrived in Greece in 1225 to help his half-brother reconquer the kingdom of Thessaloniki, but before reaching the city he died from fever[190] although it was said that he had been poisoned[191]. The Ryccardus de Sancti Germano Chronica records the death in Sep 1225 of "marchio Montisferrati in Romania naturali morte"[192].

m firstly (1187) SOPHIE von Staufen, daughter of Emperor FRIEDRICH I "Barbarossa" & his second wife Béatrix de Bourgogne-Comté (-[1187/88]). The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified.

m secondly (before 9 Aug 1202) BERTA di Clavesana heiress of Mambarasco e Cortemiglia, daughter of BONIFAZIO Marchese di Clavesana & his wife ---. Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by the charter dated 9 Aug 1202 which records that Bonifazio Marchese di Monferrato promised "Guilelmo filio suo" to ratify the peace agreement with Alexandria and Asti and with "socero suo domino Bonefacio de Cravexana…"[193]. 1224.

Marchese Guglielmo VI & his second wife had [six] children:

1. BONIFAZIO (-[22 Sep 1253/10 Dec 1255]). His parentage is confirmed by the charter dated 30 Dec 1230 under which "Dominus Bonefacius marchio de Monte ferrato filius condam domini Villelmi marchionis" granted exemptions to Staffarda[194]. He succeeded his father in 1225 as BONIFAZIO II Marchese di Monferrato.

- see below.

2. ODDONE (-1251). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Cardinal deacon 1237. Pontifical legate to Denmark and London [1237]. Bishop of Porto.

3. DEMETRIO . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. 1224.

4. BEATRICE di Monferrato ([1204/10][195]-after Mar 1276). The Aymari Rivalli De Allobrogibus records the marriage of "Andreas Delphinus" and "Beatricem, Guillermi marchionis Montisferrati filiam" after repudiating his first wife[196]. The testament of "Dom. Andreas Dalphinus Viennensis et Albonis comitis" is dated 4 Mar 1236, names as his heir "Guigonem filium suum", and appoints "Beatricem uxorem suam comitissam matris eiusdem Guigonis" as his tutor[197]. Many secondary sources state that Beatrice married, as her second husband, Guy [II] Seigneur de Bâgé (see BURGUNDY DUCHY NOBILITY). Guichenon, in his Histoire de Savoie, explains the background to this error, recording that "Pingon, du Buttet, du Chesne et les sainte Marthe…moi après eux" confused the name "Dauphine", under which Guy´s widow is recorded with the title "Dauphine [de Viennois]"[198], the widow of André Comte d´Albon being the only available person with that title. m (21 Nov 1219) as his third wife, ANDRE de Bourgogne Comte de Gap et d'Embrun, son of HUGUES III Duke of Burgundy [Capet] & his second wife Béatrix de Viennois (1184-14 Mar 1237, bur Grenoble, église collégiale de Saint-André). He succeeded his mother in 1228 as Comte d'Albon, Dauphin.

5. ALASIA (-Kirenia castle 1233 before Apr, bur Nicosia Santa Sofia). She is named "Aalais" by William of Tyre (Continuator), who names her husband and specifies that she was "fille dou marquis de Monferrare"[199]. The Chronicle of Amadi records the marriage of "re de Cypro Henrico" and "una donzella sua cugina, figlia del marchese de Monferatho Guielmo Longa Spada, che fo cugin del imperator"[200], although it is chronologically impossible for her to have been the daughter of the only member of the Monferrato family who is normally referred to as "Longo Spada". This marriage was arranged by Emperor Friedrich II while he was in Cyprus in May 1229 en route back to Europe from Jerusalem, the bride's father being one of the emperor's strongest supporters in Italy[201]. She came to Cyprus with imperial troops in 1231 but it is unlikely that she ever met her husband who was in Palestine for most of the civil war in Cyprus. She took refuge in the castle of Kirenia with the Lombards but died before the castle's surrender to the Ibelin troops in Apr 1233[202]. William of Tyre (Continuator) records that she had been crowned queen by her husband when he records the coronation of his second wife "come il avoit fait Alays la fille dou marquis de Monferrare"[203]. m (May 1229) as his first wife, HENRI I King of Cyprus, son of HUGUES I King of Cyprus & his wife Alix of Jerusalem Ctss of Jaffa (3 Mar 1217-18 Jan 1253).

6. [ELENA . Niece and heiress of Demetrio King of Thessaloniki. Baudouin II Emperor of Constantinople confirmed her rights over Thessaloniki 5 Feb 1240, confirmed in 1244 by the Pope. m (before 1240) as his first wife, GUGLIELMO da Verona Lord of Eubœa, son of GIBERTO da Verona Lord of Eubœa & his wife --- (-killed in battle Demetrias [1268]).]

Marchese Guglielmo VI had [two] illegitimate children by unknown mistresses:

7. [BASTARDINO (-after 23 Sep 1253). "Dominus Paonus filius quondam domini Belengerii de Busca marchionis" sold property "in villa et territorio…Rodulfie" [Ruffio] to "domino Bastardino de Munteferrato", in the name of Bonifazio Marchese di Montferrato as tutor for Tomaso Marchese di Saluzzo, by charter dated 8 Jan 1253[204]. The charter does not specify the parentage of Bastardino but it is reasonable to suppose, from a chronological point of view, that he was an illegitimate brother of Marchese Bonifazio. The testament of "Bonefacius Montisferrati marchio", dated 12 Jun 1253, appoints "dominam Margaritam comitissam uxorem mea matrem ipsius Guilelmini et dominum comitem de Sabaldia et dominum Tomam de Sabaldia fratrem suum et Dalfinum de Vianesio et dominum Jacobum de Careto et dominum Georgium et dominum Manuellem de Ceva et Bastardinum de Monteferrato" as guardians of his son[205]. "Dominus Bastardinus de Monteferrato castellanus Reuellj" [Revello], acting for Tomaso Marchese di Saluzzo, invested "Jordano domine Elie de Reuello" with land at Revello, in the presence of Bonifazio Marchese di Monferrato, by charter dated 22/23 Sep 1253[206].]

8. RANIERI . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Ancestor of the Signori di Gabiano, extinct 17th century.

1. [GIOVANNA di Monferrato, daughter of GUGLIELMO Marchese di Monferrato & his wife --- . She adopted the name ZOE in Byzantium. This person has not been traced in the family of the Marchesi di Monferrato. For consistency with the known dates of other members of the Batatzes family, this couple's marriage must have taken place around [1200]. If her parentage is correctly identified (and the primary source on which this is based has not yet been identified), she could only therefore have been the daughter of Guglielmo VI Marchese di Monferrato, presumably illegitimate as he had no known children from his brief first marriage. However, it appears unlikely that a member of the Monferrato family, which was closely connected with the Fourth Crusade, would have married a member of the Byzantine nobility by whom they were bitterly opposed. m ALEXIOS Komnenos Batatzes, protosébastos, son of ANDRONIKOS Komnenos Batatzes & his wife ---. He is named by Varzos as a possible son of Andronikos, copied by Magdalino[207].]

BONIFAZIO di Monferrato, son of GUGLIELMO VI Marchese di Monferrato & his second wife Berta di Clavesana (-[22 Sep 1253/10 Dec 1255]). He succeeded his father in 1225 as BONIFAZIO II Marchese di Monferrato. "Dominus Bonefacius marchio de Monte ferrato filius condam domini Villelmi marchionis" granted exemptions to Staffarda by charter dated 30 Dec 1230[208]. Emperor Friedrich II renounced his rights to Thessaloniki, bequeathed to him by Demetrio di Monferrato King of Thessaloniki, in favour of Marchese Bonifazio in [1239/40][209]. The testament of "Bonefacius Montisferrati marchio", dated 12 Jun 1253, bequeathes property to "Alaxinam filiam meam inpuberem", appoints "Guilelminum filium meum inpuberem" as his heir, substituting in turn "Alaxinam…filia mea" and "Tomam de Saluciis", if his son died childless, and appoints "dominam Margaritam comitissam uxorem mea matrem ipsius Guilelmini et dominum comitem de Sabaldia et dominum Tomam de Sabaldia fratrem suum et Dalfinum de Vianesio et dominum Jacobum de Careto et dominum Georgium et dominum Manuellem de Ceva et Bastardinum de Monteferrato" as guardians of his son[210]. "Dominus Bastardinus de Monteferrato castellanus Reuellj" [Revello], acting for Tomaso Marchese di Saluzzo, invested "Jordano domine Elie de Reuello" with land at Revello, in the presence of Bonifazio Marchese di Monferrato, by charter dated 22/23 Sep 1253[211].

m (Betrothed 18 Jan 1228, before 18 Nov 1235) as her first husband, MARGUERITE de Savoie, daughter of AMEDEE IV Comte de Savoie & his first wife Marguerite de Bourgogne [Capet] ([1224/28]-after 14 Jan 1264). "Thomas comes Maurianæ" donated property to "Bonifacio Marchioni Montisferrati" by way of dowry of "Margarethæ futuræ uxoris Bonifacii et filiæ Amedei Sabaudia primogeniti Thomæ comitis" by charter dated 18 Jan 1228[212]. The date of her marriage is confirmed by a charter dated 18 Nov 1235, which confirmed a pact between her father and the bishop of Torino, approved by "domina Margarita eius filia…uxor dom. Bonifacii marchionis Montisferrati"[213]. "Bonifacius marchio Montisferrati" donated property to "uxori suæ Margarethæ, Amadei comitis Sab. filiæ" by charter dated 9 Dec 1235[214]. A fourth testament of "Amedeus comes Sabaudie" is dated 19 Sep 1252, appoints "Bonifacium filium meum" as his heir, under the tutelage of his brother Thomas, substituting "fratri meo Thome de Sabaudia comitis…Beatricem filiam meam uxorem quondam Manfredi marchionis Salutiarum et Margaretam filiam meam uxorem Bonifacii marchionis Montisferrati", and names "Cecilie…uxori nostre…Beatrix filia mea minor"[215]. A fifth testament of Comte Amédée IV is dated 24 May 1253, appoints "Bonifacius filius suus, sub tutela Thomæ comitis" as his heir, substitutes "filiæ Amedei comitis…marchionissæ Beatrix Salutiarum et Margaretha Montisferrati", bequeathes "castrum Montis Meliani" to "Cæciliæ comitissæ", and chooses to be buried at Hautecombe[216]. The testament of "Bonefacius Montisferrati marchio", dated 12 Jun 1253, bequeathes property to "Alaxinam filiam meam inpuberem", appoints "Guilelminum filium meum inpuberem" as his heir, substituting in turn "Alaxinam…filia mea" and "Tomam de Saluciis", if his son died childless, and appoints "dominam Margaritam comitissam uxorem mea matrem ipsius Guilelmini et dominum comitem de Sabaldia et dominum Tomam de Sabaldia fratrem suum et Dalfinum de Vianesio et dominum Jacobum de Careto et dominum Georgium et dominum Manuellem de Ceva et Bastardinum de Monteferrato" as guardians of his son[217]. She married secondly (Papal dispensation 26 Jan 1255) as his second wife, Aymar [III] Comte de Valentinois. Her second marriage is shown in Europäische Stammtafeln[218], although this is inconsistent with her dying in 1254 as shown in another table[219]. The primary source which confirms her second marriage has not yet been identified. The marriage is not given by Jules Chevalier[220]. The testament of "Beatricis relictæ Raimundi Berengarii comitis Provinciæ", dated 14 Jan 1264, adds bequests to "…Margarithæ matri marchionis Montisferrati nepti suæ…"[221].

Marchese Bonifazio II & his wife had three children:

1. ALESSINA (-6 Feb 1285). The testament of "Bonefacius Montisferrati marchio", dated 12 Jun 1253, bequeathes property to "Alaxinam filiam meam inpuberem", appoints "Guilelminum filium meum inpuberem" as his heir, substituting in turn "Alaxinam…filia mea" and "Tomam de Saluciis", if his son died childless[222]. The marriage contract between “duci Bruneswik” and “sororem marchionis Montis Ferati” is dated 6 Oct 1262[223]. The Annales Londonienses record the marriage in 1267 of "dux de Bruneswiche" and "filiam Marchisi de Monteferato, cognatam regine" at Kenilworth[224]. The Cronica Principum Saxonie names "filiam marchionis Montis-Ferrati Aleidem" as second wife of "Albertus"[225]. The Cronica Principum Saxonie names "relictam Alberti ducis de Brunsvic Aleidem filiam marchionis Montis-Ferrati" as the second wife of "Gerardus"[226]. The Libro Memoriarum Sancti Blasii records the death in Feb 1285 of "Allexina ducissa in Brunswich et cometissa Holsacie, soror comitis Montisferranum"[227]. m firstly (contract 6 Oct 1262, Kenilworth 1 Nov 1266) as his second wife, ALBRECHT I "der Große" Herzog von Braunschweig und Lüneburg, son of OTTO I “dem Kind” Herzog von Braunschweig & his wife Mathilde von Brandenburg [Askanier] (1236-Braunschweig 15 Aug 1279, bur Braunschweig Cathedral). m secondly (1282) as his second wife, GERHARD I Graf von Holstein-Schauenburg zu Itzehoe, son of ADOLF IV Graf von Holstein und Stormarn & his wife Hedwig zur Lippe (1232-21 Dec 1290).

2. GUGLIELMO (-in prison Alessandria 8 Feb 1292). Matthew of Paris recounts that, after the death of Emperor Friedrich I in 1250, there was an attempt to exchange "filius Marchisii Montis Ferrati" (unnamed) for Enzio, the son of Friedrich[228]. The testament of "Bonefacius Montisferrati marchio", dated 12 Jun 1253, bequeathes property to "Alaxinam filiam meam inpuberem", appoints "Guilelminum filium meum inpuberem" as his heir, substituting in turn "Alaxinam…filia mea" and "Tomam de Saluciis", if his son died childless[229]. He succeeded his father as GUGLIELMO VII Marchese di Monferrato. He was appointed Vicar-General in northern Italy by his father-in-law as candidate for the kingdom of Italy, and led the movement to oust Charles Comte d'Anjou from the kingdom of Sicily. He succeeded in depriving the latter of his possessions in Lombardy and captured and castrated his ambassadors. He became head of the Ghibelin League formed by the Marchese di Saluzzo and contingents from Castile in the towns of Pavia, Asti, Mantua, Verona, Genoa, Milan, Alessandria and Ivrea. He was named "Capitano di Guerra" and defeated the Guelf supporters of King Charles and the Pope in 1275[230]. Captain of Milan 1278. Captain of Pavia, Novara and Vercelli. Captain of Como 1282. He was imprisoned by supporters of the town of Asti, deposed in 1290 and kept in an iron cage, dying after two years of captivity[231]. The Chronica Jacobi de Aquis, dated to 1334, records that "Gulielmo" died "costui in Alessandria" in 1292[232]. m firstly ELENA del Bosco, daughter of ANSELMO Marchese del Bosco & his wife ---. The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. m secondly (Lyon Jun 1258) ISABEL de Clare, daughter of RICHARD de Clare Earl of Hertford and Gloucester & his second wife Maud de Lacy (1240-before 1271). The Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione of Tewkesbury Abbey names “Isabella primogenita, Margareta et Roysea” as the three daughters of “Ricardus de Clare secundus filius et hæres…Gilberti et Isabellæ” and his wife “Matildem…filiam comitis Lincolniæ”[233]. The Annals of Tewkesbury record the marriage in Jun 1258 “apud Leouns” of “Isabel filia Ricardi de Clare primogenita” and “domino Marchio de Ponte Ferato”, recording that “Willelmus de Bekeford monachus Theokesberiæ” went with her[234]. The Chronica Jacobi de Aquis, dated to 1334, records that "Marchio Guliermus" married "filiam regis Angliæ" and that he killed her "et dicitur sine caussa ex sola et levi suspicione"[235]. m thirdly (Murcia Aug 1271) Infanta doña BEATRIZ de Castilla, daughter of don ALFONSO X "el Sabio" King of Castile & his wife Infanta doña Violante de Aragón ([5 Nov/6 Dec] 1254-[1286]). The Chronica Jacobi de Aquis, dated to 1334, records that "Marchio Guliermus" married secondly "Beatricem filiam regis Anfoxi de Hispania"[236]. Her origin is indicated by Pachymeres who records the second marriage of Emperor Andronikos II and "Irenen, e dynastis…quos marcesios sive marchioness appellant…neptem regis Hispaniæ"[237]. Her parentage is also indicated by Georgius Phrantzes who records that "Irene, e Lombardia oriunda atque filia sororis regis Hispaniæ et nepti marchionis Montisferratensis…qui Thessalonicam…et Thessalorum rex fuit" was the second wife of "imperator Andronicus"[238]. The Chronicon Astense records that in 1286 "Guilielmus Marchio Montisferrati" went "in Hispania cum uxore sua Beatrice" who died there[239]. Marchese Guglielmo VII & his second wife had one child:

a) MARGHERITA (-1286). The Chronicon Astense records that "Guilielmus Marchio Montisferrati…Margaritam filiam eius…annorum VII" married "filio Pelavicini" after whose death she married "filio Alfonsi Regis Hispaniæ"[240]. The Chronica Jacobi de Aquis, dated to 1334, records that "Marchio Guliermus" and his wife "filiam regis Angliæ" had a daughter "Margaritam" who married in Spain, a later passage naming her husband "Zoanne figlolo di Alphonso Re di Spagna"[241]. The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos records that "El Infante D. Juan" married "D. Margarita hija del Marques de Monferrato"[242]. Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by the testament of "Johannes…marchio Montisferrati", dated 18 Jan 1305, which appoints as his heirs "filios Alaxine sororis sue condam et uxoris Puncelli de filiis Ursi", and failing them "filium Margarite sororis sue condam uxoris Johannis infantis de Yspania de Castella"[243]. m firstly --- Pallavicini, son of OBERTO Marchese Pallavicini & his wife ---. m secondly (1281) as his first wife, Infante don JUAN de Castilla Señor de Campo, son of don ALFONSO X "el Sabio" King of Castile & his wife Infanta doña Violante de Aragón (Seville [15 May/25 Jul] 1260-Vega de Granada 25 Jun 1319, bur Burgos).

Marchese Guglielmo VII & his third wife had five children:

b) son (Milan 1272-[1272/73). The Chronica Jacobi de Aquis, dated to 1334, records that "Marchio Guliermus" entered Milan in 1272 and that "comitissa marchiones" gave birth there to "duos masculos qui moriuntur in brevi"[244].

c) son (Milan 1272-[1272/73). The Chronica Jacobi de Aquis, dated to 1334, records that "Marchio Guliermus" entered Milan in 1272 and that "comitissa marchiones" gave birth there to "duos masculos qui moriuntur in brevi"[245].

d) YOLANDA di Monferrato ([1273/74]-Drama, near Thessaloniki[246] 1317, bur Constantinople Pantokrator convent). The Chronica Jacobi de Aquis, dated to 1334, records that the two daughters of "Marchio Guliermus" and his wife "Beatricem filiam regis Anfoxi de Hispania" married "aliam…Violant…Andronico imperatori Græcorum"[247]. The Alberti Milioli Notarii Regini Liber de Temporibus records the marriage in 1284 of "Gulielmus marchio Montis-ferrati…filiam suam" and "filio Palialogi defuncti qui in Constantinopolitane urbe habet dominium", specifying that her dowry was "regnum Thesalonice"[248]. Her marriage was arranged by her maternal grandfather, Alfonso X "el Sabio" King of Castile[249]. She adopted the name EIRENE in Byzantium. Georgius Phrantzes records that "Irene, e Lombardia oriunda atque filia sororis regis Hispaniæ et nepti marchionis Montisferratensis…qui Thessalonicam…et Thessalorum rex fuit" was the second wife of "imperator Andronicus"[250]. Pachymeres records the second marriage of Emperor Andronikos II and "Irenen, e dynastis…quos marcesios sive marchioness appellant…neptem regis Hispaniæ"[251]. Her dowry consisted of the Monferrato family's titular right to Thessaloniki[252], which had been titular only since Demetrio di Monferrato King of Thessaloniki had been deposed in 1224 by Theodoros Angelos Lord of Epirus who subsequently declared himself emperor of Thessaloniki. She was crowned Empress after the birth of her first son in 1286[253]. She is portrayed as arrogant and ambitious by the contemporary historian Nikephoros Gregoras, and proposed a division of the territory of the Empire to give her sons hereditary appanages[254]. She left her husband in 1303 and took up residence in Thessaloniki, where she conducted herself as Empress in her own right, controlled her own finances and foreign policy, and witnessed documents as Augusta or Despoina[255]. She inherited Monferrato after the death of her brother in 1305 and, after attempting to install her oldest son Ioannes as Marchese di Monferrato, arranged for her second son to succeed in 1306[256]. She mounted a campaign of open vilification of her husband, and encouraged close relations with her son-in-law Milutin King of Serbia whom she persuaded to name her son Demetrios as his successor although the latter declined the opportunity[257]. m ([1284], separated 1303) as his second wife, Emperor ANDRONIKOS II, son of Emperor MIKHAEL VIII & his wife Theodora Dukaina Komnene Palaiologina Batatzaina (25 Mar 1259-12/13 Feb 1332).

e) GIOVANNI (Milan 1278-[9] Mar 1305). His parentage is confirmed by the charter dated 14 Dec 1306 under which "dominus Theodorus…domini Grecorum filius…marchio Montisferati" confirmed the rights of Santa Maria di Vezzolano granted by "quondam dominos Johannem et Guillermum bone memorie marchioness Montisferati avunculum et avum dicti domini marchionis"[258]. He succeeded in 1290 as GIOVANNI I Marchese di Monferrato, under the guardianship of Charles II King of Sicily. However, Matteo Visconti Lord of Milan occupied Monferrato, imposed himself by force as Captain-General in the Marquisate and as guardian of Marchese Giovanni. Marchese Giovanni succeeded in wresting control from the occupiers in 1303[259]. The testament of "Johannes…marchio Montisferrati", dated 18 Jan 1305, appoints as his heirs (in case he had no issue by "Margarita de Sabaudia uxore ipsius") "filios Alaxine sororis sue condam et uxoris Puncelli de filiis Ursi", and failing them "filium Margarite sororis sue condam uxoris Johannis infantis de Yspania de Castella", and failing him "Maynfredum marchionum Saluciarum"[260]. The Chronicon Astense records the death in 1305 of "Johannes Marchio Montisferrati…sine filiis"[261]. [262]Betrothed ([1290]) to BLANCHE of Sicily, daughter of CHARLES II King of Sicily [Anjou-Capet] & his wife Maria of Hungary ([1280?]-Barcelona [before 14] Oct 1310, bur Santa Croce), who later married Jaime II King of Aragon. [263]Betrothed (1295) to MARIE de Clermont, daughter of ROBERT de France Comte de Clermont Sire de Bourbon & his wife Béatrix dame de Bourbon ([1284/85]-Paris 17 Mar 1372, bur Poissy). m (23 Mar 1296) MARGUERITE de Savoie, daughter of AMEDEE V Comte de Savoie & his first wife Sibylle de Baugé (-1339). "Margarita di Savoia" made a donation to "Conte Amedeo suo Padre" of a sum on money bequeathed to her under the last testament of "Dama Sibilla sua Madre" dated 6 Jan 1296[264], presumably as part of the arrangements for her forthcoming marriage. The contract of marriage between "Gioanni Marchese di Monferrato" and "Margarita di Savoia figlia del Conte Amedeo V di Savoia" is dated 23 Mar 1296[265]. The Chronicon Astense records the marriage in 1296 of "Johannes…Marchio Montisferrati" and "Amadeum Sabaudiæ comitem…Margaritam eius filiam" who had previously been betrothed to "Johanni filio Humberti Delfini"[266]. A contract dated 14 Mar 1305 between "Marchese Manfredo di Saluzzo" as Governor of the Marquisate of Monferrato and "Margarita di Savoia figlia del Conte Amedeo Vedova del suddetto Marchese" confirmed her possession of the castles of Lanzo, Ciriè and Caselle as part of her dowry[267].

f) ALESSINA (-before 18 Jan 1305). The Chronica Jacobi de Aquis, dated to 1334, records that the two daughters of "Marchio Guliermus" and his wife "Beatricem filiam regis Anfoxi de Hispania" married "una…in Roma D. Ponzello filio D. Ursi de Ursinis…nepoti Papæ" and that they had "filius…Petrus"[268]. Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by the testament of "Johannes…marchio Montisferrati", dated 18 Jan 1305, which appoints as his heirs "filios Alaxine sororis sue condam et uxoris Puncelli de filiis Ursi", and failing them "filium Margarite sororis sue condam uxoris Johannis infantis de Yspania de Castella"[269]. m (before 1305) PONCELLO Orsini Patrician of Rome, son of ORSINO Orsini & his wife --- (-after 1314).

Marchese Guglielmo VII had two illegitimate children by unknown mistresses:

g) BONIFAZIO . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. 1296/1311.

h) MATTEO . "…Nicholao bastardo, Matheo bastardo de Monteferato…" are named as present in a charter dated 14 Dec 1306 under which "dominus Theodorus…domini Grecorum filius…marchio Montisferati" confirmed the rights of Santa Maria di Vezzolano[270].

3. TEODORA ([after Jun 1253]-). Teodora is not named in her father´s testament dated 12 Jun 1253, which suggests that she may have been born posthumously. The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. m GERARDO della Gherardesca Conte di Donoratico (-1268).

Marchese Bonifazio II had one illegitimate child by an unknown mistress:

4. NICCOLINO (-after 1305). The Cronica Alexandrina records that "Dominus Nicolinus Bastardus Montisferrati" was "potestas Alexandriæ" in 1280[271]. The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified, although the chronology indicates that Marchese Bonifazio II would be the only possible father. Podestà of Alessandria 1280. Vicar of Caselle 1303. 1270/1305.

Chapter 2. MARCHESI di MONFERRATO 1306-1533 (PALEOLOGO)

THEODOROS Komnenos Dukas Angelos Palaiologos, son of Emperor ANDRONIKOS II & his second wife Yolanda [Eirene] di Monferrato ([1291]-21 Apr 1338). Georgius Phrantzes names "Iohannem, Theodorum, Demetrium et filiam Simonidem" as the children of "imperator Andronicus" by his second wife[272]. His mother arranged his succession to his maternal uncle in 1306 as TEODORO Marchese di Monferrato, after unsuccessfully proposing the accession of her older son Ioannes[273]. He arrived in Italy to claim the inheritance and converted to Catholicism. "Dominus Theodorus…domini Grecorum filius…marchio Montisferati" confirmed the rights of Santa Maria di Vezzolano granted by "quondam dominos Johannem et Guillermum bone memorie marchioness Montisferati avunculum et avum dicti domini marchionis" by charter dated 14 Dec 1306, in the presence of "…Nicholao bastardo, Matheo bastardo de Monteferato…"[274]. He submitted to the suzerainty of the Empire in 1311[275].

m (1306) ARGENTINA Spinola, daughter of OBIZZO Spinola di Lucoli Doge of Genoa & his wife Violante di Saluzzo. The Chronicon Astense records the marriage in 1306 of "Theodorus filius Imperatoris Græcorum" and "filiam Opecini Spinolæ dicti de Luculis tunc Capitanei Januæ…Argentinam"[276]. Pachymeres records the marriage of "quidam Spinulus…filia" and "filium imperatoris Theodorum", dated to [1306] from the context[277]. Benvenuto di San Giorgio, quoting Ruffino Ventura Astense, records the marriage of "Theodorus filius Imperatoris Græcorum" and "filiam Oppicini Spinulæ tunc Capitanei Januæ…Argentinam"[278].

Marchese Teodoro & his wife had two children:

1. GIOVANNI (-20 Mar 1372). He succeeded his father in 1338 as GIOVANNI II Marchese di Monferrato. Signor di Asti 1339. He defeated the troops of Jeanne I Queen of Naples at Gamenario 23 Apr 1345, but was prevented from occupying the Angevin county of Piemonte by Jacques de Savoie Prince of Achaia. Marchese Giovanni, however, captured Ivrea in 1347 when the Visconti of Milan captured Angevin Piemonte[279]. His second marriage was arranged by his future wife's stepmother, who lived at Casale at the court of Monferrato with her second husband Otto Herzog von Braunschweig-Grubenhagen. Benvenuto di San Giorgio quotes the testament of "Joannes Marchio Montisferrati imperialis vicarius filius quondam…Theodori…imperatoris Græcorum porphyrogeniti marchionis Montisferrato", dated 9 Mar 1372, which appoints "consanguineum suum D. Ottonem Ducem Brunsvicensem" as executor[280]. A continuation of the Chronica Jacobi de Aquis records that "Zoanne figlolo del…Theodoro Paleologo" died 18 Mar 1372[281]. m firstly ([1331/37]) as her second husband, CECILE de Comminges, widow of AMANIEU Comte d'Astarac, daughter of BERNARD VII Comte de Comminges & his wife Laure de Montfort (-after 23 Jun 1354). The Chronicon of Pietro Azario records that "Johannes Marchio Montis-ferrati" married firstly "sororem Domini Cardinalis de Conunzi…adhuc puellam"[282]. m secondly (Montpellier 1358) as her first husband, Infanta doña ISABEL de Mallorca, daughter of don JAIME III King of Mallorca [Aragón] & his first wife Infanta doña Constanza de Aragón (1337-Château de Gallargues after 1403). The Chronicon of Pietro Azario records that "Johannes Marchio Montis-ferrati" married secondly "nepta…Regis Aragonum, filiæ…Regis Majoricarum"[283]. Her marriage was arranged by her stepmother, doña Violanta de Vilaragut, wife of Otto Herzog von Braunschweig-Grubenhagen, who was then living at the court of Monferrato. Isabel succeeded her brother in 1375 as titular Queen of Mallorca. Benvenuto di San Giorgio quotes a charter dated 27 Jan 1376 under which "Princeps D. Otto Dux Brunsvicensis Gubernator et administrator ac tutor…D. Secundiottonis Marchionis Montis ferrati necnon Joannis, Theodori et Guilielmi fratrum ipsius D. Marchionis" settled matters relating to the testament of Marchese Giovanni II, naming "D. Elisabeth filia quondam D. Jacobis Regis Majoricarum uxor ipsius D. Marchionis"[284]. She married secondly (secretly [1375/76]) Konrad von Reischach zu Jungnau (-[1417/before 16 Jan 1418]). Marchese Giovanni II & his second wife had five children:

a) SECONDOTTO (1361-murdered Langhirano, near Parma 16 Dec 1378). Signor di Asti 1361. He succeeded his father in 1372 as SECONDOTTO Marchese di Monferrato, under the regency of Otto Herzog von Braunschweig-Grubenhagen who was his godfather. Benvenuto di San Giorgio quotes a charter dated 27 Jan 1376 under which "Princeps D. Otto Dux Brunsvicensis Gubernator et administrator ac tutor…D. Secundiottonis Marchionis Montis ferrati necnon Joannis, Theodori et Guilielmi fratrum ipsius D. Marchionis" settled matters relating to the testament of Marchese Giovanni II[285]. Giovanni di Musso´s Chronicon Placentinum records the death "in episcopatu Parmæ" one year after his marriage of "Marchioni Secundino Montis-ferrati", adding that "qui Marchio non erat bene sensatus", that he had killed several of his people and wounded many others including his wife, that he was severely wounded by members of his household who were defending themselves against his attacks, and that he died fifteen days later from his wounds[286]. A continuation of the Chronica Jacobi de Aquis records that "Siondotto primo figlolo di Zoanne" died 16 Dec 1378[287]. m (contract 15 Jun 1377, Pavia 2 Aug 1377) as her second husband, VIOLANTE Visconti, widow of LIONEL Duke of Clarence, daughter of GALEAZZO II Duke of Milan (1354-Pavia Nov 1386, bur Pavia San Agostino). Giovanni di Musso´s Chronicon Placentinum records the marriage in 1368 of "Galeaz vicecomes unicam filiam suam…Violantem juvenem" and "Domino Lionello Duci Clarenciæ filio Regis Angliæ", adding that her dowry was "civitatem Albæ et plura Castra Pedemontium…Montem-Vicum, Cunium, Carascum et Demontem et plura alia, cum etiam maximo thesauro" {Alba, Mondovi, Cuneo, Cherasco and Demonte} and that the marriage was consummated at Milan[288]. Giovanni di Musso´s Chronicon Placentinum records the marriage in Aug 1377 of "Dominus Galeaz Vicecomes…Dominam Violantem eius filiam, uxorem quondam Domini Leonelli filii Regis Angliæ" and "Marchioni Secundino Montis-ferrati"[289]. Benvenuto di San Giorgio quotes the marriage contract dated 15 Jun 1377 between "Jo. Galeaz vicecomes Mediolani comes Virtutum…filius…Galeaz vicecomitis Mediolani…imperialis vicarii generalis…D. Violantam ipsius D. comitis sororem genitam ex prædicto…D. Galeaz" and "D. Secundottonis Marchionis Montis-ferrati"[290]. She married thirdly (18 Apr 1381, Nov 1381) her first cousin, Lodovico Visconti Signore di Lodi. Giovanni di Musso´s Chronicon Placentinum records the marriage in Nov 1381 of "Dominus Comes Virtutem…Dominam Violantem sororem suam" and "Domino Ludovico filio…Domini Bernabovis"[291]. Giovanni di Musso´s Chronicon Placentinum records the death "in civitate Papiæ" in Nov 1386 of "Domina Violans soror…domini comitis Virtutem et uxor Domini Ludovici filii quondam Domini Bernabovis Vicecomitis" and her burial "in ecclesia S. Augustini in cittadella Papiæ prope sepulturam Domini Galeaz patris sui"[292].

b) GIOVANNI (-killed in battle Naples 25 Aug 1381). Signor di Asti 1372. Benvenuto di San Giorgio quotes a charter dated 27 Jan 1376 under which "Princeps D. Otto Dux Brunsvicensis Gubernator et administrator ac tutor…D. Secundiottonis Marchionis Montis ferrati necnon Joannis, Theodori et Guilielmi fratrum ipsius D. Marchionis" settled matters relating to the testament of Marchese Giovanni II[293]. He succeeded his brother in 1378 as GIOVANNI III Marchese di Monferrato. Benvenuto di San Giorgio quotes a charter dated 3 Jan 1379, under which "D. Joannes Marchio Montisferrati" confirmed that "genitor eius D. Joannes Marchio Montisferrati quondam" had appointed "Princeps d. Otto Brunsvicensis Dux et avunculus dicti D. Marchionis" as "gubernator, administrator et rector"[294]. A continuation of the Chronica Jacobi de Aquis records that "Zoanne" who succeeded "al fratello Siondotto" died 25 Aug 1381[295].

c) TEODORO (1364-18 Aug 1418). A continuation of the Chronica Jacobi de Aquis records that "Theodoro", son of "Zoanne figlolo del…Theodoro Paleologo", was born in 1364[296]. Benvenuto di San Giorgio quotes a charter dated 27 Jan 1376 under which "Princeps D. Otto Dux Brunsvicensis Gubernator et administrator ac tutor…D. Secundiottonis Marchionis Montis ferrati necnon Joannis, Theodori et Guilielmi fratrum ipsius D. Marchionis" settled matters relating to the testament of Marchese Giovanni II[297]. Signor di Asti e Mondovì 1378, minor until 1381. He succeeded his brother in 1381 as TEODORO II Marchese di Monferrato. He was chosen as Captain General of Genoa in 1409, heading a government of compromise consisting of representatives from the various rival factions in the city. He was, however, expelled in 1413 and replaced by Francesco Maria Visconti Lord of Milan[298]. A continuation of the Chronica Jacobi de Aquis records that "Theodoro", son of "Zoanne figlolo del…Theodoro Paleologo", died in 1418[299]. m firstly ARGENTINA Malaspina, daughter of LEONARDO Malaspina Marchese di Massa & his wife ---. The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. m secondly (1393) JEANNE de Bar, daughter of ROBERT I Duc de Bar & his wife Marie de France (-15 Jan 1402). A continuation of the Chronica Jacobi de Aquis records that the first wife of "Theodoro", son of "Zoanne figlolo del…Theodoro Paleologo", was "Zoanna figlola di Roberto Ducha de Barri"[300]. m thirdly (17 Jan 1403) MARGUERITE de Savoie, daughter of AMEDEE de Savoie Signore di Piemonte, titular Prince of Achaia & his wife Catherine de Genève ([1382/89]-23 Nov 1464). Nun at Alba 1420. She was beatified in 1670. Marchese Teodoro II & his second wife had two children:

i) GIANGIACOMO (23 Mar 1395-12 Mar or [13 Sep] 1445). A continuation of the Chronica Jacobi de Aquis names "Zan Jacobo & Sophia" as the children of "Theodoro", son of "Zoanne figlolo del…Theodoro Paleologo", and his first wife, adding that Giangiacomo was born 28 May 1395[301]. He succeeded his father in 1418 as GIANGIACOMO Marchese di Monferrato.

- see below.

ii) SOFIA (-21 Aug 1434). A continuation of the Chronica Jacobi de Aquis names "Zan Jacobo & Sophia" as the children of "Theodoro", son of "Zoanne figlolo del…Theodoro Paleologo", and his first wife, adding that Sofia married "Zoanne Imperatore di Constantinopoli"[302]. The Historia Byzantina of Michælis Ducæ Nepotis records the marriage of "Iohanni liberoram primogenitor" and "marchionem Montisferrati…filiam" and, in a later passage, his repudiation of his wife[303]. Georgios Phrantzes records the marriage 19 Jan in Santa Sofia of Emperor Iohannes and "domina Sophia filia marchionis Montisferrati"[304]. Papal permission for the marriages of the brothers Ioannes and Theodoros with catholic westerners was given as a gesture to improve relations with the Orthodox church after Emperor Manuel II sent ambassadors to the church council at Konstanz[305]. Reputedly extremely unattractive, her husband "was so disgusted with her that he kept her out of his sight in a remote corner of the palace"[306] and eventually repudiated her. Betrothed (26 Jan 1404) to FILIPPO MARIA Visconti Conte di Pavia, son of GIAN GALEAZZO "il Grande" Duke of Milan & his second wife Caterina Visconti (Milan 23 Sep 1392-Milan 13 Aug 1447). He succeeded in 1412 as Duke of Milan. m (19 Jan 1421, repudiated Aug 1426) as his second wife, IOANNES Palaiologos co-Emperor, son of Emperor MANUEL II & his wife Jelena [Helene] Dragaš [Serbia] (Dec 1392-31 Oct 1448). He succeeded his father in 1425 as Emperor IOANNES VIII.

d) GUGLIELMO (-Jun 1400). Benvenuto di San Giorgio quotes a charter dated 27 Jan 1376 under which "Princeps D. Otto Dux Brunsvicensis Gubernator et administrator ac tutor…D. Secundiottonis Marchionis Montis ferrati necnon Joannis, Theodori et Guilielmi fratrum ipsius D. Marchionis" settled matters relating to the testament of Marchese Giovanni II[307].

e) MARGHERITA (-1420). Benvenuto di San Giorgio quotes a charter dated 27 Jan 1376 under which "Princeps D. Otto Dux Brunsvicensis Gubernator et administrator ac tutor…D. Secundiottonis Marchionis Montis ferrati necnon Joannis, Theodori et Guilielmi fratrum ipsius D. Marchionis" settled matters relating to the testament of Marchese Giovanni II and provided for the marriage of "D. Margarita eius filia", with the advice of "D. Elisabet consortis suæ…filia quondam D. Jacobis Regis Majoricarum"[308]. Signora di Acqui. m (after 27 Jan 1376) as his second wife, don PEDRO de Aragón Conde de Urgel, son of Infante don JAIME de Aragón Conde de Urgel & his wife Cécile de Comminges ([1340]-Balaguer, Lérida before 24 May 1408).

Marchese Giovanni II had one illegitimate son by an unknown mistress:

f) GIOVANNI . Podestà di Casale 1367. Signor di Occimiani 1375. Benvenuto di San Giorgio quotes a charter dated 3 Jan 1379, in the presence of "D. Joanne bastardo de Monteferrato…", under which "D. Joannes Marchio Montisferrati" confirmed that "genitor eius D. Joannes Marchio Montisferrati quondam" had appointed "Princeps d. Otto Brunsvicensis Dux et avunculus dicti D. Marchionis" as "gubernator, administrator et rector"[309]. Podestà di Acqui 1385.

2. VIOLANTA di Monferrato (Moncalvo Jun 1318-24 Dec 1342, bur Abbaye de Hautecombe). The contract of marriage between "Conte Aymone di Savoia" and "la Principessa Violant figlia del Marchese Teodoro di Monferrato" is dated 1 May 1330[310]. Her marriage was arranged to seal the newly found peace between her family and the counts of Savoy, and on the basis that the latter would succeed to Monferrato in case of extinction in the male line of the Paleologo family[311]. An Order of "Comte Amé de Savoie" dated 7 Dec 1346 which confirms a legacy granted by "la Dame Violante de Montferrat Comtesse de Savoie sa mère" to "Guigone fille de Jean Pairolier d'Hinne"[312]. She died in childbirth. m (Casale 1 May 1330) AYMON "le Pacifique" Comte de Savoie, son of AMEDEE V Comte de Savoie & his first wife Sibylle de Baugé (Bourg-en-Bresse 15 Dec 1291-Château de Montmélian 22 Jun 1343, bur Abbaye de Hautecombe).

GIANGIACOMO di Monferrato, son of TEODORO II Marchese di Monferrato & his second wife Jeanne de Bar (23 Mar 1395-12 Mar or [13 Sep] 1445). A continuation of the Chronica Jacobi de Aquis names "Zan Jacobo & Sophia" as the children of "Theodoro", son of "Zoanne figlolo del…Theodoro Paleologo", and his first wife, adding that Giangiacomo was born 28 May 1395[313]. His parentage is confirmed by the contract of marriage between "Gioanna di Savoia figlia del Conte di Savoia Amedeo VII e Sorella di Amedeo VIII primo Duca di Savoia" and "Gio. Giacomo figlio del Marchese Teodoro di Monferrator" dated 24 Mar 1407[314]. Conte di Aquesana 1414/18. Sigismund King of Germany created "comitatum Aquesanæ" for "domino Jacobo nato…Theodori marchionnis Montisferrati principis et consanguinei nostri" by charter dated 26 Mar 1414[315]. He succeeded his father in 1418 as GIANGIACOMO Marchese di Monferrato, until 1431, again 1431-1445. Imperial Vicar General in Italy. A continuation of the Chronica Jacobi de Aquis records that "Zoanne Jacobo figlolo di Teodoro" died 12 Mar 1445[316].

m (by proxy 22 Mar 1407, contract 24 Mar 1407[317], 24 Apr 1411) JEANNE de Savoie, daughter of AMEDEE VII Comte de Savoie & his wife Bonne de Berry (posthumously 16 Jul 1392-1460). The contract of marriage between "Joannem-Jacobum filium…Theodori Marchionis Montisferrati" and "Joannam filiam recolendæ memoriæ…Amedei Sabaudiæ comitis, sororemque…Amedei Sabaudiæ comitis moderni" is dated 24 Mar 1407[318]. Benvenuto di San Giorgio quotes a charter dated 24 Apr 1411 which records the marriage of "Theodori marchionis Montisferrati…Jo. Jacobum filium" and "Amedei comitis Sabaudiæ…Joannam sororem"[319]. The testament of "Dominæ Bonnæ de Sabaudia Principessæ Achayæ" dated 19 Oct 1429 makes bequests to "dominæ Joannæ de Sabaudia marchionissæ Montisferrati, eiusdem dominæ testracisis sorori…dominæ Bonæ de Biturio eius matri…dominum Amedeum Sabaudiæ ducem eius fratrem"[320].

Marchese Giangiacomo & his wife had six children:

1. ISABELLA . A continuation of the Chronica Jacobi de Aquis names "Isabella & Amadea" as the two daughters of "Zoanne Jacobo figlolo di Teodoro", adding in a later passage that "Ludovico", son of "Thomas…Marchese di Salucio", married "Isabella figlola dil Marchese Zan Jacobo di Monferrato"[321]. The contract of marriage between "Marchese Luiggi di Saluzzo" and "Isabella di Monferrato sorella del Marchese Gio" is dated 7 Aug 1435[322]. m (1436) LODOVICO I Marchese di Saluzzo, son of TOMASSO III Marchese di Saluzzo & his wife Marguerite de Roucy (-1475).

2. GIOVANNI (-29 Jan 1464). A continuation of the Chronica Jacobi de Aquis names "Zoanne, Gulielmo, Bonifacio & Theodoro cardinale" as the sons of "Zoanne Jacobo figlolo di Teodoro"[323]. He succeeded his father in 1445 as GIOVANNI IV Marchese di Monferrato. Reichsfürst and Imperial Vicar General in Italy 8 Jan 1464. m (contract 2 Jul 1454, by proxy 13 Jul 1457[324], 2 May 1458) as her first husband, MARGUERITE de Savoie, daughter of LOUIS I Duke of Savoy & his wife Anne Pss of Cyprus (Turin 1439-Bruges 9 Mar 1483, bur Abbaye de Happlaincourt). A continuation of the Chronica Jacobi de Aquis records that "Zoanne, Gulielmo, Bonifacio & Theodoro cardinale", son of "Zoanne Jacobo figlolo di Teodoro", married "Margarita sorella del Duca di Savoya" but had no children[325]. The marriage contract between "il Marchese Gio. di Monferrato" and "Margarita figlia del Duca Lodovico di Savoia" is dated 7 Jul 1454[326]. She married secondly Pierre de Luxembourg Comte de Brienne. Marchese Giovanni IV & his wife had one child:

a) MARGHERITA ([1456/64]-25 Jul 1496, bur Glatz). m (1480 after 4 Feb) as his third wife, VIKTORYN Podiebrad Duke of Münsterberg and Troppau, son of JIŘI Podiebrad King of Bohemia, Duke of Münsterberg & his first wife Kunigunde Freiin von Sternberg (29 May 1443-Teschen 30 Aug 1500, bur Glatz). He resigned as Herzog von Troppau in 1485.

Marchese Giovanni IV had two illegitimate children by an unknown mistress or mistresses:

b) SARA . m (1453) NICCOLÒ Piccinino from Perugia, son of GIACOPO Piccinino Milanese condottiere & his wife ---.

c) SCIPIONE (-murdered Casale 26 Mar 1485). He was named heir to Monferrato by his uncle Marchese Bonifazio IV but was later murdered on the orders of the latter[327].

3. GUGLIELMO (19 Jul 1420-28 Feb 1483). A continuation of the Chronica Jacobi de Aquis names "Zoanne, Gulielmo, Bonifacio & Theodoro cardinale" as the sons of "Zoanne Jacobo figlolo di Teodoro"[328]. He succeeded his brother in 1464 as GUGLIELMO X Marchese di Monferrato. m firstly ([19 Jan] 1466) MARIE de Foix, daughter of GASTON IV Comte de Foix et de Bigorre, Vicomte de Béarn & his wife Infanta doña Leonor de Navarra ([1451/53?]-[late 1467/early 1468?]). A continuation of the Chronica Jacobi de Aquis names "Maria sorella del Cardinale de Foes" as the first wife of "Guglielmo" second son of "Zoanne Jacobo figlolo di Teodoro"[329]. Zurita records information about the daughters of Leonor de Navarra “las Infantes sus hijas…y la Infante Doña Maria, q fue la mayor, q casò con Guillermo Marques de Monferrat, era ya fallecida…”[330]. Her birth date is estimated from the date of her marriage. Père Anselme dates Marie’s marriage 1466 (no source cited)[331]. On the other hand, Vaissète dates the marriage “en 1460”[332], which is inconsistent with the primary sources cited below. Cadier dates Marie’s marriage “en 1468”, which must represent a mistranscription as he cites only Vaissète (1460) and Anselme (1466)[333]. The chronicle of Guillaume Leseur (“composée quelques années après la mort du prince qui en est le héros”[334]) records that in Aug 1465 “les gens…de monsieur le marquis de Montferrat…Guilharme” came to Gaston IV Comte de Foix “pour faire ouverture…du mariage de madame Marie de Foix, sa fille, avec ledit sieur marquis de Montferrat”, resulting in a betrothal by proxy (“ung chevalier…messire Franscequin” representing Marchese Guglielmo), Marie’s departure for Monferrato accompanied by “monsieur Pierre de Foix, frere de la susdite dame…l’evesque de Comminges et…l’evesque de Rieux; et…messire Bernard de Bearn, bastard de Foix” and others, with a description of the marriage festivities after their arrival in Italy[335]. La Perrière’s 1539 Annalles de Foix dates Marie’s departure for Italy to 1466, presumably extrapolating from Leseur: he records the marriage of “Marie…la premiere [fille]…par le moyen de son frere, le Cardinal [although he was not yet cardinal at that time]…avecques Guillaume Marquis de Montferrat en Lombardie” and Marie leaving for Montferrat in 1466 “par led Cardinal, apres avoir obtenu exprez consentement du Roy [de France]”[336]. Litta dates the marriage 19 Jan 1465 (no source cited)[337], which, if “O.S.” could be consistent with Leseur. Leseur’s chronicle records that the couple lived together “cinq ou six ans” [which must be exaggerated], that “au II^e an ladite dame…enfanta une très belle fille”, but that Marie died after giving birth “du II^e enfant…une très belle fille”, her husband taking comfort “en voyant…sa belle enfante sa fille, que ladite dame marquise laissa plaine de saine vie” [which suggests that the earlier child must have died soon after birth][338]. Litta records Marie’s death in 1467 (no source cited)[339] which, if she gave birth to two children as recorded by Leseur, would be possible only if she died late in 1467 or early in 1468 (N.S.). m secondly (18 Jul 1469) ELISABETTA Sforza, daughter of FRANCESCO I Duke of Milan & his second wife Bianca Maria Visconti of Milan (1456-1473). A continuation of the Chronica Jacobi de Aquis names "Elisabetta sorella del Duca Galeazzo Visconte Signore di Milano" as the second wife of "Guglielmo" second son of "Zoanne Jacobo figlolo di Teodoro"[340]. Leseur’s chronicle records that, “certain après” [the death of his first wife], Marchese Guglielmo “à requeste du sieur duc de Millan…prist en seconde femme la seur dudit duc de Millan”[341]. m thirdly (6 Jan 1474) BERNARDE de Brosse, daughter of JEAN [II] de Brosse Seigneur de Boussac, Comte de Penthièvre & his wife Nicole de Châtillon-Blois dite de Bretagne Ctss de Penthièvre Vicomtesse de Limoges (-17 Feb 1485). A continuation of the Chronica Jacobi de Aquis names "Bernarda de Ponthieura" as the third wife of "Guglielmo" second son of "Zoanne Jacobo figlolo di Teodoro", adding that the couple was childless[342]. Marchese Guglielmo X & his first wife had two children:

a) daughter ([late 1466?]-young). Leseur’s chronicle records that “au II^e an ladite dame [Guglielmo’s first wife]…enfanta une très belle fille”, but that Marie de Foix died after giving birth “du II^e enfant…une très belle fille”, her husband taking comfort “en voyant…sa belle enfante sa fille, que ladite dame marquise laissa plaine de saine vie” [which suggests that the earlier child must have died soon after birth][343].

b) GIOVANNA ([late 1467/early 1468?]-end 1490). Litta records that Giovanna was born from her father’s first marriage (no source cited)[344]. Leseur’s chronicle records that Guglielmo’s first wife died after giving birth “du II^e enfant…une très belle fille”, her husband taking comfort “en voyant…sa belle enfante sa fille, que ladite dame marquise laissa plaine de saine vie”[345]. Her marriage is confirmed by the testament of her husband "Dominus Ludovicus Marchio Salutiarum", dated 6 Feb 1498, which bequeathes property to "…Margaritæ comitissæ Montis majoris eius filiæ ex quondam…domina Joanna de Monteferrato…"[346]. The reversion of Monferrato to the Saluzzo family, in case of extinction of the former in the male line, was a condition of her marriage contract[347]. m (Aug 1481) as his first wife, her first cousin, LODOVICO II Marchese di Saluzzo, son of LODOVICO I Marchese di Saluzzo & his wife Isabella di Montferrato (-Genoa 1504).

Guglielmo X & his second wife had one child:

c) BIANCA (1472-30 Mar 1519). A continuation of the Chronica Jacobi de Aquis names "Bianca…mogle del Duca di Savoia Carlo" as the daughter of "Guglielmo", second son of "Zoanne Jacobo figlolo di Teodoro", and his second wife[348]. "Marchese Bonifaccio di Monferrato" ordered the observance of the marriage contract between "Carlo primo Dica di Savoia" and "Bianca di Monferrato sua Nipote" by charter dated 13 Nov 1485[349]. Regent of Savoy 1490-1496. The testament of "Duchessa Bianca di Monferrato Vedova del Duca Carlo di Savoia" dated 12 Feb 1519 chooses her burial "nella Cappella grande della Chiesa della Beata Vergine delle Grazie del Luogo di Carignano" and names "il Duca Carlo di Savoia" as her heir, and in default "Filippo di Savoia Conte del Genevese fratello del detto Duca"[350]. m (1 Apr 1485) CHARLES I Duke of Savoy, son of AMEDEE IX Duke of Savoy & his wife Yolande de France (Carignano 29 Mar 1468-Pinerolo 13 Mar 1490).

Marchese Guglielmo X had two illegitimate children by an unknown mistress or mistresses:

d) LUCREZIA . Signora di Bistagno, Monastero, Cassinasco e San Giorgio 1464/80. m firstly (11 Oct 1464) GIAMBARTOLOMEO Marchese di Carretto . m secondly (11 Jun 1472) RINALDO d'Este, illegitimate son of NICCOLÒ d'Este Signor di Ferrara e Modena & his mistress --- ([1435]-8 Apr 1503).

e) MARGHERITA . m (24 Jul 1487) HECTOR Aynard Seigneur de Montfort et de Chalençon (-murdered Milan Aug 1501).

4. AMADEA ([1420]-Nicosia 13 Sep 1440). A continuation of the Chronica Jacobi de Aquis names "Isabella & Amadea" as the two daughters of "Zoanne Jacobo figlolo di Teodoro"[351]. The Lignages d'Outremer name "Medea, figliola del marchese de Monferato" as the first wife of "Joanne, secondo figliolo de re Jannus", stating that she died childless[352]. The Chronicle of Amadi records the arrival in Cyprus in 1440 of "madama Medea de Monferato, moglie del…re Joanne", their marriage 3 Jul, and her death 13 Sep[353]. The "New Chronicle" records the date and place of her marriage, and the date and place of her death[354]. The Chronicle of Leontios Makhairas records that she was crowned queen with her husband 3 Jul 1440[355]. m (by proxy Ripaille 23 Dec 1437, in person Nicosia 3 Jul 1440) JEAN II King of Cyprus, son of JANUS I King of Cyprus & his second wife Charlotte de Bourbon (16 May 1418-Nicosia 28 Jul 1458).

5. BONIFAZIO di Monferrato, (Jun 1424-31 Jan 1494). A continuation of the Chronica Jacobi de Aquis names "Zoanne, Gulielmo, Bonifacio & Theodoro cardinale" as the sons of "Zoanne Jacobo figlolo di Teodoro"[356]. He succeeded his brother in 1483 as BONIFAZIO IV Marchese di Monferrato.

- see below.

6. TEODORO (15 Aug 1425-Asti 14 Jan 1484). A continuation of the Chronica Jacobi de Aquis names "Zoanne, Gulielmo, Bonifacio & Theodoro cardinale" as the sons of "Zoanne Jacobo figlolo di Teodoro", adding in a later passage that Teodoro was born "14" and died "in Ast nel 14" (no months or years specified)[357]. Papal protonotary and legate of Monferrato. Cardinal 1467. Provost of Mainz Cathedral 1475. Provost of St Guido at Speyer 1475. He died after injuries received while carving meat.

BONIFAZIO di Monferrato, son of GIAN GIACOPO Marchese di Monferrato & his wife Jeanne de Savoie (Jun 1424-31 Jan 1494). A continuation of the Chronica Jacobi de Aquis names "Zoanne, Gulielmo, Bonifacio & Theodoro cardinale" as the sons of "Zoanne Jacobo figlolo di Teodoro"[358]. He succeeded his brother in 1483 as BONIFAZIO IV Marchese di Monferrato. Signor di Cassine e Felizzano, as vassal of Milan.

m firstly ORVIETANA Fregoso, daughter of PIETRO Fregoso Doge of Genoa & his wife ---.

m secondly (1483) HELENE de Brosse, daughter of JEAN [II] de Brosse Seigneur de Boussac, Comte de Penthièvre & his wife Nicole de Châtillon-Blois dite de Bretagne Ctss de Penthièvre Vicomtesse de Limoges (-1484). A continuation of the Chronica Jacobi de Aquis names "Helena figlola del Conte di Ponthevra, sorella della Marchesa Bernarda" as the first wife of "Bonifacio", third son of "Zoanne Jacobo figlolo di Teodoro"[359].

m thirdly (by proxy Innsbruck 8 Jul 1485) MARIJA Branković, daughter of STEFAN Branković [Serbia] & his wife Angelina Araniti ([1464/66]-27 Aug 1495). A continuation of the Chronica Jacobi de Aquis names "Maria di Servia" as the second wife of "Bonifacio", third son of "Zoanne Jacobo figlolo di Teodoro"[360]. The Masarelli Vatican manuscript names (in order) John, George, Irene, Maria as the children of Stephen & his wife, stating that Maria married Bonifazio marchese of Monferrato[361]. The manuscript Vaticanus latinus 4789 records that the daughter of “Etienne”, son of “[le] despote de Serbie”, and his wife “la fille de l´Albanais, la sœur du seigneur Constantin” married “le marquis de Monferrat et eut trois enfants”[362]. Theodoros Spandounes records that "figliola…Maria…[di Stefano Despoto]" married "signor Bonifatio marchese di Monferrato"[363]. A manuscript which records details of the Musaki family names "signora Maria" as the daughter of "signor Stefano…figliolo del signor Despoto de Servia…Giorgio" and his wife, adding that she married "il signor marchese de Monferrato"[364].

Marchese Bonifazio IV & his second wife had one child:

1. son (-young). A continuation of the Chronica Jacobi de Aquis records that "Bonifacio", third son of "Zoanne Jacobo figlolo di Teodoro", and his wife "Helena…di Ponthievra" had "un figlolo che morite in cunabulis"[365].

Marchese Bonifazio IV & his third wife had [three] children:

2. GUGLIELMO (Pontestura 10 Aug 1486-Casale Monferrato 4 Oct 1518). A continuation of the Chronica Jacobi de Aquis names "Gulielmo & Zoanne Georgio" as the two sons of "Bonifacio", third son of "Zoanne Jacobo figlolo di Teodoro", and his wife "Maria di Servia"[366]. The Masarelli Vatican manuscript names (in order) Guglielmo and Zanzorzi as the children of Bonifazio marchese of Monferrato and his wife[367]. A manuscript which records details of the Musaki family names "il primo…signor Guglielmo…l´altro…signor Giorgio" as the two sons of "il signor marchese de Monferrato" and his wife "signora Maria"[368]. He succeeded his father in 1494 as GUGLIELMO XI GIOVANNI Marchese di Monferrato, under the joint regency of his mother and his maternal uncle Konstantin Arianiti[369] m (Blois, église Saint-Sauveur 31 Aug 1508) ANNE d'Alençon, daughter of RENE Duc d'Alençon & his second wife Marguerite de Lorraine (30 Oct 1492-Casale Monferrato, Alessandria, Italy 12 Oct 1562). The Masarelli Vatican manuscript records that Guglielmo married Anna daughter of the duke of Alençon, cousin of the king of France[370]. A manuscript which records details of the Musaki family names "il…signor Guglielmo…de Monferrato" married "la sorella di Monsignor d´---"[371]. Dame de la Guerche. Regent of Monferrato 1518-1530. Marchese Guglielmo XI Giovanni & his wife had three children:

a) MARIA (19 Aug 1509-1531). The Masarelli Vatican manuscript records that the children of Guglielmo & his wife were (in order) Boniface, Maria and an unnamed daughter, stating that Maria married Federigo of Mantua[372]. Betrothed to FEDERIGO II Duke of Mantua, son of GIAN FRANCESCO II Marchese di Mantua & his wife Isabella d’Este of Ferrara (17 May 1500-28 Jun 1540).

b) MARGHERITA (11 Aug 1510-Casale 28 Dec 1566). The Masarelli Vatican manuscript records that the children of Guglielmo & his wife were (in order) Boniface, Maria and an unnamed daughter[373]. A manuscript which records details of the Musaki family records that the daughter of "il…signor Guglielmo…de Monferrato" and his wife married "signor Federico duca de Mantua"[374]. Heiress of Monferrato, sequestrated 1533. She and her heirs were transferred 3 Nov 1536 by Emperor Karl V. m (16 Nov 1531) FEDERIGO II Duke of Mantua, son of GIAN FRANCESCO II Marchese di Mantua & his wife Isabella d’Este of Ferrara (17 May 1500-28 Jun 1540). Marchese di Monferrato 1536.

c) BONIFAZIO (21 Sep 1512-Casale 17 Oct 1530). The Masarelli Vatican manuscript records that the children of Guglielmo & his wife were (in order) Boniface, Maria and an unnamed daughter[375]. He succeeded his father in 1518 as BONIFAZIO V Marchese di Monferrato. He fell during a hunt after his horse was frightened by the shrill cry of Lodovico Sforza.

3. GIAN GIORGIO SEBASTIANO (20 Jan 1488-Casale 30 Apr 1533). A continuation of the Chronica Jacobi de Aquis names "Gulielmo & Zoanne Georgio" as the two sons of "Bonifacio", third son of "Zoanne Jacobo figlolo di Teodoro", and his wife "Maria di Servia"[376]. The Masarelli Vatican manuscript names (in order) Guglielmo and Zanzorzi as the children of Bonifazio marchese of Monferrato and his wife[377]. A manuscript which records details of the Musaki family names "il primo…signor Guglielmo…l´altro…signor Giorgio" as the two sons of "il signor marchese de Monferrato" and his wife "signora Maria", adding that Giorgio died childless[378]. Signor di Mombelo e Morano to 1530. Abbot of Lucedo 1509. Apostolic protonotary. Bishop-coadjutor of Casale. Bishop of Casale 1517. He resigned his ecclesiastical appointments in 1524. He succeeded his nephew in 1530 as GIAN GIORGIO SEBASTIANO Marchese di Monferrato. He died as his wife made her formal entry to Monferrato. m (Ferrara 29 Apr 1533) GIULIA di Aragona, daughter of FEDERIGO IV King of Naples & his second wife Isabella del Balzo (1492-Valencia 10 Mar 1542). The Masarelli Vatican manuscript records that Zanzorzi married Isabella cousin of the king of Naples but died without issue[379]. Marchese Gian Giorgio Sebastiano had one illegitimate child by an unknown mistress:

a) FLAMINIO Paleologo (-24 May 1571). Signor di San Giorgio e Caluso 1532. He served in the Spanish army. Governor of Casale and Senator 1559. He claimed the throne of Monferrato in 1568 and was imprisoned.

- see below.

4. [child . The manuscript Vaticanus latinus 4789 records that the daughter of “Etienne”, son of “[le] despote de Serbie”, and his wife “la fille de l´Albanais, la sœur du seigneur Constantin” married “le marquis de Monferrat et eut trois enfants”[380]. It is not known whether this third child existed or whether this represents an error in the manuscript.]

Marchese Bonifazio IV had one illegitimate daughter by an unknown mistress:

5. FRANCESCA (-after 27 Dec 1561). m [firstly] ([1495/99]) KONSTADINI COMNINO Arianiti Titular Prince of Macedonia and Duke of Achaia, son of GJERGJ COMINO Araniti & his second wife Pietrina Franco ([1456/57]-Montefiore 8 May 1530). Regent of Monferrato 1493-1499. Imperial Vicar General in Italy. Signor di Ozano e Terugia 1492-1521. Signor di Fano 1515. [m secondly ([1535] --- Caracciolo, son of ---.]

FLAMINIO Paleologo, illegitimate son of GIAN GIORGIO SEBASTIANO Marchese di Monferrato & his mistress --- (-24 May 1571). Signor di San Giorgio e Caluso 1532. He served in the Spanish army. Governor of Casale and Senator 1559. He claimed the throne of Monferrato in 1568 and was imprisoned.

m LUCIA Fanzini, daughter of SIGISMONDO Fanzini, from Mantua [Governor of Casale 1539] & his wife ---.

Flaminio & his wife had eight children:

1. GIOVANNI (-1540, bur Monteu).

2. LAURA . m (before 11 Jul 1589) ---.

3. MARGHERITA . m (before 11 Jul 1589) [---, son of TEODORO Scazzoso].

4. TEODORO . He was ambassador of Ercole Gonzaga in 1536. Knight of the Order of Malta. He was at Novi in 1568, but fled to Spain[381].

5. FLAMINIO . He was ancestor of the family PALEOLOGHI-ORIUNDI[382].

6. ISABELLA (-before 11 Jul 1589).

7. ELEONORA (-before 11 Jul 1589).

8. FERDINANDO . He served the Gonzaga family[383]. m ---. The name of Ferdinando's wife is not known. Ferdinando & his wife had one child:

a) BERNARDINO (-before 1630). m ---. The name of Bernardino's wife is not known. Bernardino & his wife had one child:

i) BONIFAZIO ([1583/84]-2 Dec 1630). m ---. The name of Bonifazio's wife is not known. Bonifazio & his wife had one child:

(a) BONIFAZIO . 1679. He was court surgeon at Casale[384]. m ---, daughter of GIAMBATTISTA Bobina & his wife ---. Bonifazio & his wife had one child:

(1) GIAMBATTISTA Paleologo . 1687. He was court surgeon at Casale[385]. Ancestor of SILVIO, who lived around 1900[386].

Chapter 3. MARCHESI di SALUZZO

A. ORIGINS

The county of Tortona was one of the counties held by the Marchesi di Saluzzo in the 11th century. It was acquired by the bishop of Tortona before the late 12th century, as shown by the charter dated 7 Dec 1176 under which "dominum Obertum Terdonensem comitem et episcopum" issued a judgment relating to a property dispute[387], and the charter dated 22 Jul 1183 which names "dominum Ugonem Terdonensem episcopum et comittem"[388]. Around the end of the same century, lay jurisdiction appears to have been transferred to joint consules, as shown by the charter dated 2 Sep 1190 which records a judgment issued by "dominus Gandulfus Mussus et Albertus Barata et Guilielmus Membrutus consules Terdone"[389], presumably appointed each year as was the case with the consules at Genoa, although the nature of their administrative relationship with the bishop (if any) is unclear from the documentation which has been consulted. The bishop of Tortona is no longer referred to as count in the charters of the Tortona cartulary after the first couple of years of the 13th century, which suggests that any jurisdictional rivalry was resolved in favour of the consules. Nevertheless, it would appear that the two power bases continued to work closely together in Tortona, as demonstrated by the charter dated 6 Oct 1223 which records the return of the castle of Cella di Bobbio from the commune of Tortona to "marchiones Conradum et Opizonem Malaspinas" on condition that they swear allegiance to the bishop of Tortona[390].

ANSELMO, son of ALERAMO Signor del Marchio di Monferrato & his first wife --- (-[999/1014]). "Berengarius et Adelbertus filius eius…Reges" confirmed a donation to the abbey of Grazano by "Aledramus Marchio filius Gulielmi Comitis et Gilberga filius D. Berengarii Regis, et Anselmus seu Oddo germani lege viventes Salica" by charter dated Aug 951[391]. Marchese. "Anselmo Marchio filius bonæ memoriæ Aledrami itemque Marchio et Gisla comitissa jugalibus filiæ Adalberti, similique Marchioque Willielmus et Riprandus germanis filio bonæ memoriæ Oddoni…cum Domini Gaidaldi comes istius comitatus Aquensis" founded the monastery of Santo Quintini di Spigno by charter dated 991[392].

m GISELA, daughter of ADALBERTO Marchese & his wife ---. "Anselmo Marchio filius bonæ memoriæ Aledrami itemque Marchio et Gisla comitissa jugalibus filiæ Adalberti, similique Marchioque Willielmus et Riprandus germanis filio bonæ memoriæ Oddoni…Gisla ex natione mea legem…Longobardorum et nunc pro viro legem…Salica…" founded the monastery of Santo Quintini di Spigno by charter dated 991[393].

Anselmo & his wife had [four] children:

1. UGO (-26 Jan after 1035). "Heinricus…imperator" confirmed the property of the abbey of Fruttuaria, referring to property donated by "Ugo clericus et mater eius et fratres eius Anselmi marchionis filii et Vuillilemus et Raprandus fratres filii marchionis Oddoni", by charter dated 1014[394]. A charter dated 1024 records a dispute between "canonicorum sancti Martini" and "marchiones Italiæ Bonifacium…Albertum et Azonem, Otbertum et Hugonem" concerning "terras beati Martini de Italia"[395]. Marchese [di Tortona]. "Adalbertus marchio filius bonæ memoriæ Otberti itemque Marchio et Adeleyda jugalibus filia quondam Bosoni comitis quæ professa sum ex natione mea lege vivere Alamannorum, sed nunc pro ipso viro meo lege vivere…Longobardorum" founded the monastery of Santa Maria Castilione, in the presence of "domni Ugonis marchionis et comitis…comitatus Terdonensis", by charter dated 10 Jun 1033[396]. "Domnus Ugo marchio" is named as present in a charter dated 28 May 1035 under which the abbot of San Pietro di Tortona named proxies[397].

2. ANSELMO [II] (-before 7 May 1027). "Heinricus…imperator" confirmed the property of the abbey of Fruttuaria, referring to property donated by "Ugo clericus et mater eius et fratres eius Anselmi marchionis filii et Vuillilemus et Raprandus fratres filii marchionis Oddoni", by charter dated 1014[398]. "Einricus…imperator" acting through "domnus Otto comes palacii et comes eius comitatu Ticinensi" with "…Otbertus et Anselmus germanis marchionibus…" confirmed the property of the convent of San Salvator at Pavia, naming "Berengarius presbiter et Ugo comes germanis, filii bone memorie Sigefredi qui fuit similiter comes", by charter dated 7 May 1014[399]. Marchese [di Tortona]. m ADELASIA, daughter of AZZO Marchese & his wife --- (-after 11 May 1055). "Adila comitissa filia quondam Azonis Marchio et relicta quondam Anselmi itemque Marchio et Anselmus et Hugo germanis mater et filii prædicto quondam Anselmi…ex nativitate mea legem vivere Langobardorum…et nos…lege vivere Salica" donated property to the monastery of Santo Pietro di Saviliano by charter dated May 1055[400]. No other suitable "Azonis Marchio" has been identified who could have been Adelasia´s father except for Alberto Azzo [I] Conte di Luni. "Adela comitisa…conius quondam Anselmi marchio…Ugo et Anselmus filii et mundoaldi mei" promised not to disturb the possessions of the monastery of San Marziano by charter dated 11 May 1055[401]. Marchese Anselmo [II] & his wife had three children:

a) ODDONE [Tetis] (-before 31 Aug 1064). "Thetes Marchio filius quondam Anselmi Marchionis" founded the monastery of Vasto by charter dated 7 May 1027[402]. Marchese.

- see below.

b) ANSELMO . "Adila comitissa filia quondam Azonis Marchio et relicta quondam Anselmi itemque Marchio et Anselmus et Hugo germanis mater et filii prædicto quondam Anselmi…ex nativitate mea legem vivere Langobardorum…et nos…lege vivere Salica" donated property to the monastery of Santo Pietro di Saviliano by charter dated May 1055[403]. 1065.

c) UGO (-after May 1055). "Adila comitissa filia quondam Azonis Marchio et relicta quondam Anselmi itemque Marchio et Anselmus et Hugo germanis mater et filii prædicto quondam Anselmi…ex nativitate mea legem vivere Langobardorum…et nos…lege vivere Salica" donated property to the monastery of Santo Pietro di Saviliano by charter dated May 1055[404].

3. OBERTO [I] (-after 1034). "Einricus…imperator" acting through "domnus Otto comes palacii et comes eius comitatu Ticinensi" with "…Otbertus et Anselmus germanis marchionibus…" confirmed the property of the convent of San Salvator at Pavia, naming "Berengarius presbiter et Ugo comes germanis, filii bone memorie Sigefredi qui fuit similiter comes", by charter dated 7 May 1014[405]. Marchese. "Heinricus…Romanorum imperator augustus" donated property "que Gebehardus comes in beneficium habuit, in comitatu Piligrimi et in pago Matihgowe" to the church at Pavia by charter dated 1014, naming "Ubertum comitem filium Hildeprandi, Otbertum marchionem et filios eius et Albertum nepotem illius" as previous owners[406]. "Otbertus Marchio filius bone memorie Anselmi item Marchionis et Wido seu item Otberti pater et filii" founded the monastery of Santa Justina of Sezzadio by charter dated 1 Mar 1030[407]. 1034. m ---. The name of Oberto's wife is not known. Marchese Oberto [I] & his wife had three children:

a) GUIDO (-after 29 Aug 1065). "Otbertus Marchio filius bone memorie Anselmi item Marchionis et Wido seu item Otberti pater et filii" founded the monastery of Santa Justina of Sezzadio by charter dated 1 Mar 1030[408]. "Adelbertus prepoxitus sancte Tertonensis ecclesie et Wido marhio iermani filii bone memorie Oberti itemque marhio seu Beatrice filia Olrici et relicta quondam item Oberti iermano prefatorum Adelberti prepoxitus et Widoni…ex nacione nostra lege…Salicha" donated property at Tramontana to the monastery of Santo Siro by charter dated 29 Aug 1065[409].

b) OBERTO [II] (-[1061/65]). "Otbertus Marchio filius bone memorie Anselmi item Marchionis et Wido seu item Otberti pater et filii" founded the monastery of Santa Justina of Sezzadio by charter dated 1 Mar 1030[410]. Marchese 1061. m BEATRICE di Romagnano, daughter of ODALRICO Marchese di Romagnano [Auriate] & his wife Giulita --- (-after 29 Aug 1065). "Adelbertus prepoxitus sancte Tertonensis ecclesie et Wido marhio iermani filii bone memorie Oberti itemque marhio seu Beatrice filia Olrici et relicta quondam item Oberti iermano prefatorum Adelberti prepoxitus et Widoni…ex nacione nostra lege…Salicha" donated property at Tramontana to the monastery of Santo Siro by charter dated 29 Aug 1065[411]. Marchese Oberto [II] & his wife had two children:

i) ADALBERTO . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Bishop of Acqui 1079.

ii) GUIDO (-before 1106). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Marchese. m ---. The name of Guido's wife is not known. Marchese Guido & his wife had two children:

(a) ALBERTO Alemanno (-before 15 Jan 1106). "Bruno filius quondam Odonis et Adelaida jugales, filia quondam Guidonis Marchionis…ex natione…lege vivere Salica" donated property "per successionem Alberti Alamani filii quondam Guidonis Marchionis fratris et cognati nostri" to "Gamundiensi populo" by charter dated 15 Jan 1106[412].

(b) ADELAIDA (-after 15 Jan 1106). "Bruno filius quondam Odonis et Adelaida jugales, filia quondam Guidonis Marchionis…ex natione…lege vivere Salica" donated property "per successionem Alberti Alamani filii quondam Guidonis Marchionis fratris et cognati nostri" to "Gamundiensi populo" by charter dated 15 Jan 1106[413]. m (before 15 Jan 1106) BRUNO, son of OTTONE & his wife ---. Ancestors of the Marchesi di Sezze.

c) ADALBERTO (-after 29 Aug 1065). "Adelbertus prepoxitus sancte Tertonensis ecclesie et Wido marhio iermani filii bone memorie Oberti itemque marhio seu Beatrice filia Olrici et relicta quondam item Oberti iermano prefatorum Adelberti prepoxitus et Widoni…ex nacione nostra lege…Salicha" donated property at Tramontana to the monastery of Santo Siro by charter dated 29 Aug 1065[414]. Provost of Tortona.

4. [ERMENGARDA (-after 21 Oct 996). A charter dated 21 Oct 996 records the exchange of property in Cadeliano between the bishop of Asti and "Amelgausus filio quondam Rozo et Ermengarda jugalibus filia Anselmo marchio que professo sum ex nacione…Romana"[415]. m AMELGAUSO, son of ROZO & his wife --- (-after 21 Oct 996).]

5. OBERTO (-after 1071). Marchese [di Savona]. "Aubertus marchio" granted privileges to Savona by charter dated 1071[416].

B. MARCHESI del VASTO

ODDONE, son of Marchese ANSELMO [II] & his wife Adelasia --- (-[before 31 Aug 1064]). "Thetes Marchio filius quondam Anselmi Marchionis" founded the monastery of Vasto by charter dated 7 May 1027[417]. Marchese. His absence from his wife´s charter dated 31 Aug 1064 suggests that Oddone was already deceased at the time.

m BERTA di Susa, daughter of MANFREDO UDALRICO [II] Marchese di Torino e Susa & his wife Berta d'Este (-after 22 Apr 1065). "Berta comitissa filia quondam Maginfredi et item Maginfredus et Anselmus, Bonifacius, Oto clericus germani et filii quondam Toto itemque marchionis, mater et filii" donated property to the monastery of San Silo near Genoa by charter dated 31 Aug 1064[418]. Heiress of Vasto and Busco. "Berta comitissa et Manfredus, Bonifacius et Anselmus marchiones et Henricus et Oto germani, mater et filii" donated property to the church of Santa Maria "de episcopatu Astensi" by charter dated 22 Apr 1065[419].

Marchese Oddone & his wife had [six] children:

1. [GERBERGA . m GUIDO di Cavanesse . ]

2. MANFREDO (-1079). "Berta comitissa filia quondam Maginfredi et item Maginfredus et Anselmus, Bonifacius, Oto clericus germani et filii quondam Toto itemque marchionis, mater et filii" donated property to the monastery of San Silo near Genoa by charter dated 31 Aug 1064[420]. "Berta comitissa et Manfredus, Bonifacius et Anselmus marchiones et Henricus et Oto germani, mater et filii" donated property to the church of Santa Maria "de episcopatu Astensi" by charter dated 22 Apr 1065[421]. m ---. The name of Manfredo´s wife is not known. Manfredo & his wife had four children:

a) ENRICO del Vasto (-after Apr 1137). "Bonifacius marchio filius quondam Teutonis…marchio et Henrico nepos suus" donated property to the canons of the church "in valle Burmia in loco…Ferranica" by charter dated 1097[422]. Lord of Paternò and Butera. "Henricus avunculus comitis…" witnessed a charter dated [Oct] 1116 by which "Rogerius Sicilie atque Calabrie comes" confirmed a judgment relating to Bagnara[423]. "Rogerius…Sicilie et Italie rex…Rogerii primi comitis heres et filius" confirmed past donations to St Mary Josephat, Jerusalem by (among others) "Henricus Manfredi marchionis filius" by charter dated 11 Oct 1144[424].

- LORDS of PATERNÒ.

b) ADELAIDA del Vasto ([1072]-Palermo 16 Apr 1118, bur Patti, Convent of San Salvatore). Her origin is confirmed by Malaterra who records the marriage of "comes Rogerus" and "Adelaydem…neptem Bonifacii…Italorum marchionis, filiam…fratris eius", dating the event to 1089[425]. Albert of Aix records that she was "ortæ de sanguine Gallorum" and refers to her consanguinity with her second husband[426], but the precise relationship has not been traced. According to Houben[427], she was "barely 15" on her first marriage, although the basis for this statement is not known and if it is correct her assumed birth year would be earlier or later than [1072] depending on the actual year of the marriage. She was regent of Sicily for her sons Count Simon and Count Roger II 1101-1112, jointly with Robert de Bourgogne, the husband of one of her step-daughters. She suppressed rebellions by her vassals with great severity. She established the Sicilian capital at Palermo [Mar/Jun] 1112. Fulcher of Chartres specifies that King Baudouin married the widow of Roger Count of Sicily and names her "Adelaidis" in a later passage[428]. Albert of Aix records the marriage at Acre of King Baudouin to the widow of "Rotgeri ducis Siciliæ, fratris Boemundi", describing in detail the magnificence of her suite, dated to [1113] from the context[429]. As a condition of her second marriage, she insisted that her son by her first marriage, Roger Count of Sicily, would become heir to Jerusalem if the second marriage produced no other heir[430]. Albert of Aix records that Arnoul Patriarch of Jerusalem ordered the king to repudiate his wife "propter adulterium" in relation to his "prima conjuge, de orta de principibus Armeniæ", implying that the former wife was still alive when the king remarried, but adds that the king was also accused of consanguinity with his wife who was "ortæ de sanguine Gallorum", whereupon his wife returned to Sicily[431]. A further difficulty was presumably the possibility of the crown of Jerusalem passing to the count of Sicily, in accordance with the arrangements made at the time of Baudouin´s third marriage, but this is not mentioned by Albert of Aix. Fulcher records her death in Sicily in April immediately after recording the death of King Baudouin[432]. The Annales Siculi record the death in 1118 of "Adelasia regina Ierosolimitana mater regis Rogerii"[433]. m firstly ([1087]) as his third wife, ROGER I Count of Sicily, son of TANCRED de Hauteville & his wife [Fressenda] ([1031]-Mileto 22 Jun 1101, bur Mileto, Abbey of the Holy Trinity). m secondly (Acre Sep 1113, repudiated 1117) as his third wife, BAUDOUIN I King of Jerusalem, son of EUSTACHE II Comte de Boulogne & his second wife Ida of Lower Lotharingia (-Al-Arish 2 Apr 1118, bur Jerusalem, Church of the Holy Sepulchre).

c) --- del Vasto . Malaterra records the betrothal of "duosque sorores [Adelaydis]" and "duobus filiis suis [Rogerii comitis Siciliæ] Gaufredo et Jordano", dating the event to 1089, but states that Godefroi died before the marriage could take place[434]. Betrothed (1087) to GODEFROI of Sicily, son of ROGER I Count of Sicily & his second wife Eremburge de Mortain (-[1096/1120]). His father granted him Ragusa[435]. A leper, he lived in isolation in a remote monastery[436].

d) --- del Vasto . Malaterra records the betrothal of "duosque sorores [Adelaydis]" and "duobus filiis suis [Rogerii comitis Siciliæ] Gaufredo et Jordano", dating the event to 1089[437]. m (1087) JORDAN of Sicily, son of ROGER I Count of Sicily & his first wife Judith d’Evreux ([1067]-Syracuse 12 Sep [1091/92], bur Santa Maria, Mili San Pietro).

3. ANSELMO (-after 22 Apr 1065). "Berta comitissa filia quondam Maginfredi et item Maginfredus et Anselmus, Bonifacius, Oto clericus germani et filii quondam Toto itemque marchionis, mater et filii" donated property to the monastery of San Silo near Genoa by charter dated 31 Aug 1064[438]. "Berta comitissa et Manfredus, Bonifacius et Anselmus marchiones et Henricus et Oto germani, mater et filii" donated property to the church of Santa Maria "de episcopatu Astensi" by charter dated 22 Apr 1065[439].

4. BONIFAZIO ([1060]-[1127/35]). "Berta comitissa filia quondam Maginfredi et item Maginfredus et Anselmus, Bonifacius, Oto clericus germani et filii quondam Toto itemque marchionis, mater et filii" donated property to the monastery of San Silo near Genoa by charter dated 31 Aug 1064[440]. Marchese del Vasto. Marchese della Liguria Occidentale.

- see below.

5. ENRICO (-after 22 Apr 1065). "Berta comitissa et Manfredus, Bonifacius et Anselmus marchioness et Henricus et Oto germani, mater et filii" donated property to the church of Santa Maria "de episcopatu Astensi" by charter dated 22 Apr 1065[441].

6. OTTO (-after 22 Apr 1065). "Berta comitissa filia quondam Maginfredi et item Maginfredus et Anselmus, Bonifacius, Oto clericus germani et filii quondam Toto itemque marchionis, mater et filii" donated property to the monastery of San Silo near Genoa by charter dated 31 Aug 1064[442]. "Berta comitissa et Manfredus, Bonifacius et Anselmus marchioness et Henricus et Oto germani, mater et filii" donated property to the church of Santa Maria "de episcopatu Astensi" by charter dated 22 Apr 1065[443].

BONIFAZIO, son of ODDONE Marchese della Liguria Occidentale & his wife Berta di Susa ([1060]-[1127/35]). "Berta comitissa filia quondam Maginfredi et item Maginfredus et Anselmus, Bonifacius, Oto clericus germani et filii quondam Toto itemque marchionis, mater et filii" donated property to the monastery of San Silo near Genoa by charter dated 31 Aug 1064[444]. "Berta comitissa et Manfredus, Bonifacius et Anselmus marchioness et Henricus et Oto germani, mater et filii" donated property to the church of Santa Maria "de episcopatu Astensi" by charter dated 22 Apr 1065[445]. Marchese del Vasto. "Bonifacius marchio filius quondam Othonis" donated property to the church of Acqui by charter dated 22 Jul 1090 "in castro de Ceva"[446]. "Bonifacius marchio filius quondam Teutonis…marchio et Henrico nepos suus" donated property to the canons of the church "in valle Burmia in loco…Ferranica" by charter dated 1097[447]. "Bonifacius marchio filius Teutonis…marchio…cum Alice cometissa filia qd. d. Petri marchio atque Theotone, Petro, Magnifredo, Hugone et Willielmo filiis eorum" donated property to "monasterio sancti Petri…in…villa Saviliani" by charter dated 21 Dec 1099[448]. "Bonifacius marchio cum filiis suis Manfredo atque Ugone" donated property to "ecclesie S. Donati de Monte" by charter dated 1121[449]. "Bonifacius marchio" appointed "filiis suos Maginfredum et Wilielmum adque Ugonem necnon Anselmum…et Anricum et Bonefacium minorem atque Odonem" as his heirs and provided dowries for "filiabus…Sibilie et Adalaxia et alie filie si ex hac uxore nata fuit", but disinherited "Bonifacium…incixie nominatum", by charter dated 1125[450]. "Bonifatius marchio…Agnes comitissa uxor ipsius marchionis…filii eius Mainfredus et Ugo" donated "domum sancti Laurentii" to Lérins by charter dated 1127[451].

[m firstly ALIX de Savoie, daughter of PIERRE I Comte de Savoie & his wife Agnès de Poitou. "Bonifacius marchio filius Teutonis…marchio…cum Alice cometissa filia qd. d. Petri marchio atque Theotone, Petro, Magnifredo, Hugone et Willielmo filiis eorum" donated property to "monasterio sancti Petri…in…villa Saviliani" by charter dated 21 Dec 1099[452]. Szabolcs de Vajay dismisses this individual as an imaginary person designed to explain the claims of Marchese Bonifazio to Turin, which he in fact inherited through his mother who was the younger sister of Adelaida di Susa, mother of Comte Pierre[453]. It is uncertain whether he was aware of the charter quoted above when he made this suggestion. Even if the charter in question was spurious, it is unclear what purpose would have been served by fabricating the ancestry of Marchese Bonifazio´s wife. It should be noted that Bonifazio´s [second] wife Agnes de Vermandois was considerably younger than her husband. An earlier marriage would therefore be likely.]

m [secondly] AGNES de Vermandois, daughter of HUGUES de France Comte de Vermandois et de Valois [Capet] & his wife Adelais Ctss de Vermandois [Carolingian] ([1085]-after 1127). The Genealogiæ Scriptoris Fusniacensis refers to (but does not name) the first of the daughters of "Hugonem Magnum [et] Adelaide comitissa Veromandensium" as wife of "Bonefacius marchio", parents of "Bonefacium archidiaconum Noviomensem et filios et filias, quarum una nupsit Guilelmo de Monte-pessulano"[454]. "Bonifatius marchio…Agnes comitissa uxor ipsius marchionis…filii eius Mainfredus et Ugo" donated "domum sancti Laurentii" to Lérins by charter dated 1127[455].

Marchese Bonifazio & his [first] wife had five children:

1. OTTONE (-[21 Dec 1099/1121]). "Bonifacius marchio filius Teutonis…marchio…cum Alice cometissa filia qd. d. Petri marchio atque Theotone, Petro, Magnifredo, Hugone et Willielmo filiis eorum" donated property to "monasterio sancti Petri…in…villa Saviliani" by charter dated 21 Dec 1099[456].

2. PIETRO (-[21 Dec 1099/1121]). "Bonifacius marchio filius Teutonis…marchio…cum Alice cometissa filia qd. d. Petri marchio atque Theotone, Petro, Magnifredo, Hugone et Willielmo filiis eorum" donated property to "monasterio sancti Petri…in…villa Saviliani" by charter dated 21 Dec 1099[457].

3. MANFREDO (-[4 Jun 1175/Mar 1176], bur Staffarda). "Bonifacius marchio filius Teutonis…marchio…cum Alice cometissa filia qd. d. Petri marchio atque Theotone, Petro, Magnifredo, Hugone et Willielmo filiis eorum" donated property to "monasterio sancti Petri…in…villa Saviliani" by charter dated 21 Dec 1099[458]. Marchese di Saluzzo.

- MARCHESI di SALUZZO.

4. UGO (-after 18 Aug 1162). "Bonifacius marchio filius Teutonis…marchio…cum Alice cometissa filia qd. d. Petri marchio atque Theotone, Petro, Magnifredo, Hugone et Willielmo filiis eorum" donated property to "monasterio sancti Petri…in…villa Saviliani" by charter dated 21 Dec 1099[459]. "Bonifacius marchio cum filiis suis Manfredo atque Ugone" donated property to "ecclesie S. Donati de Monte" by charter dated 1121[460]. "Bonifacius marchio" appointed "filiis suos Maginfredum et Wilielmum adque Ugonem necnon Anselmum…et Anricum et Bonefacium minorem atque Odonem" as his heirs but disinherited "Bonifacium…incixie nominatum" by charter dated 1125[461]. "Bonifatius marchio…Agnes comitissa uxor ipsius marchionis…filii eius Mainfredus et Ugo" donated "domum sancti Laurentii" to Lérins by charter dated 1127[462]. "Marchiones filii domni Bonefatii…Manfredus, Wilielmus, Ugo, Anselmus, Enricus, Oddo Bouarius" donated property to the monastery of Staffarda by charter dated 9 Dec 1138[463]. A charter dated 1140 records the agreement between the people of Genoa and "marchiones filios Bonefacii…Manfredum et Hugonem et Anselmum et Henricum et Ottonem", promising not to make war secretly with "Oberto comite Vintimillii" with the permission of Genoa[464]. "Manfredus et Hugo marchiones de Salutiis" donated property to the monastery of Civitacula by charter dated 1142[465]. Marchese di Clavesana: a charter dated 22 Dec 1142 records the division of territories agreed between "Marchiones de Vasto…Mainfredum, Willielmum, Hugonem, Anselmum, Heinricum, Bonifacium et Oddonem filios quondam Bonifacii marchionis", under which Ugo took "marchionatus Cravexanæ"[466]. "…Ugo magnus marchio de Vasto…" witnessed a charter dated 6 Apr 1161 which records an agreement between Emperor Friedrich I “Barbarossa” and "Lambertum consulem" of Genoa with the Pisan legates[467]. "...Hugo magnus marchio de Vvasto..." subscribed the charter dated 18 Aug 1162 under which Emperor Friedrich I granted the county of Provence to "Raimundo Barchinonensi comiti"[468].

5. GUGLIELMO (-after 1160). "Bonifacius marchio filius Teutonis…marchio…cum Alice cometissa filia qd. d. Petri marchio atque Theotone, Petro, Magnifredo, Hugone et Willielmo filiis eorum" donated property to "monasterio sancti Petri…in…villa Saviliani" by charter dated 21 Dec 1099[469]. "Bonifacius marchio" appointed "filiis suos Maginfredum et Wilielmum adque Ugonem necnon Anselmum…et Anricum et Bonefacium minorem atque Odonem" as his heirs but disinherited "Bonifacium…incixie nominatum" by charter dated 1125[470]. Marchese di Busca: a charter dated 22 Dec 1142 records the division of territories agreed between "Marchiones de Vasto…Mainfredum, Willielmum, Hugonem, Anselmum, Heinricum, Bonifacium et Oddonem filios quondam Bonifacii marchionis", under which Guglielmo took "marchionatus de Busca"[471]. Signori di Rossano 1155.

- MARCHESI di BUSCA e LANCIA.

Marchese Bonifazio & his [first/second] wife had two children:

6. ANSELMO (-after 1140). "Bonifacius marchio" appointed "filiis suos Maginfredum et Wilielmum adque Ugonem necnon Anselmum…et Anricum et Bonefacium minorem atque Odonem" as his heirs but disinherited "Bonifacium…incixie nominatum" by charter dated 1125[472]. That he may have been born from the first marriage of his father is suggested by the charter dated 1196 under which his son "Bonifacius marchio de Cravexana" confirmed a donation to the monastery of San Stefano by "comitissa Adalasia avia mea"[473]. However, this charter could also refer to Bonifazio´s maternal grandmother, mother of Anselmo´s wife who is not otherwise known. Marchese di Ceva: a charter dated 22 Dec 1142 records the division of territories agreed between "Marchiones de Vasto…Mainfredum, Willielmum, Hugonem, Anselmum, Heinricum, Bonifacium et Oddonem filios quondam Bonifacii marchionis", under which Anselmo took "marchionatus Ceve"[474].

- MARCHESI di CEVA e CLAVESANA.

7. BONIFAZIO (-after 22 Dec 1142). It is not clear whether Bonifazio was born from one of his father´s marriages or was illegitimate. "Bonifacius marchio" appointed "filiis suos Maginfredum et Wilielmum adque Ugonem necnon Anselmum…et Anricum et Bonefacium minorem atque Odonem" as his heirs but disinherited "Bonifacium…incixie nominatum" by charter dated 1125[475]. This document shows that Marchese Bonifazio had two sons named Bonifazio. Documents pertaining to the divorce of Bernard [IV] Comte de Comminges and Marie de Montpellier include testimony on the couple´s consanguinity, in particular "dominam Clemenciam amitam regine" (Clémence de Montpellier, sister of Guillaume [VIII]) declared that "Bonifatius marchio habuit tres infantes…Bonefacium et Guillelmum marchionem et Sibiliam…"[476]. Marchese di Cortemiglia [Curtimio]: a charter dated 22 Dec 1142 records the division of territories agreed between "Marchiones de Vasto…Mainfredum, Willielmum, Hugonem, Anselmum, Heinricum, Bonifacium et Oddonem filios quondam Bonifacii marchionis", under which Bonifazio took "marchionatus de Curtimio"[477]. m ---. The name of Bonifazio´s wife is not known. Bonifazio & his wife had one child:

a) ALBERTO (-before 1189). Marchese di Incisa. "Adalasia filia quondam Adarati de Cerrei" donated property to "domino Alberto Marchionis de Incisa filio quondam Bonifacii" by charter dated Jul 1161[478].

- MARCHESI di INCIZA.

Marchese Bonifazio & his [second] wife had six children:

8. daughter (before [1108/15]-). Ivo Bishop of Chartres wrote to "Hugoni...Trecensium comiti" referring to a possible marriage between "regis" [Louis VI King of France] and “consobrinæ tuæ filiæ Bonifacii marchionis” by charter dated to [1108/15][479].

9. ENRICO [I] "il Guercio" (Clavesana [1115]-Finale 1184). "Bonifacius marchio" appointed "filiis suos Maginfredum et Wilielmum adque Ugonem necnon Anselmum…et Anricum et Bonefacium minorem atque Odonem" as his heirs but disinherited "Bonifacium…incixie nominatum" by charter dated 1125[480]. Marchese di Savona: a charter dated 22 Dec 1142 records the division of territories agreed between "Marchiones de Vasto…Mainfredum, Willielmum, Hugonem, Anselmum, Heinricum, Bonifacium et Oddonem filios quondam Bonifacii marchionis", under which Enrico took "marchionatus Saone"[481].

- MARCHESI di SAVONA e CARETTO.

10. BONIFAZIO "minor" (-[1188/26 May 1190]). "Bonifacius marchio" appointed "filiis suos Maginfredum et Wilielmum adque Ugonem necnon Anselmum…et Anricum et Bonefacium minorem atque Odonem" as his heirs but disinherited "Bonifacium…incixie nominatum" by charter dated 1125[482]. This document shows that Marchese Bonifazio had two sons named Bonifazio. Archdeacon of Noyon. The Genealogiæ Scriptoris Fusniacensis refers to (but does not name) the first of the daughters of "Hugonem Magnum [et] Adelaide comitissa Veromandensium" as wife of "Bonefacius marchio", parents of "Bonefacium archidiaconum Noviomensem et filios et filias, quarum una nupsit Guilelmo de Monte-pessulano"[483]. A manuscript entitled Genealogia regum Francorum tertiæ stirpis names "Bonefacium archidiaconum Noviomensem" as one of the sons of "Bonefacius Marchio" and his wife "Hugo…frater Philippi Regis Francorum…filias…una"[484]. Bishop of Alba. Marchese di Curtemilia. "Dominus Bonifacius Marchio de Curtemilia" confirmed the donation of "medietas castri, villæ…et comitatus Laureti", made by "Otto Marchio qui fuit frater eius", to the consuls of Asti by charter dated 1188[485]. "Dominus Guilielmus Marchio de Ceva" donated "hæreditate Domini Bonifacii Marchionis de Curtemilia" to the consuls of Asti by charter dated 26 May 1190[486]. This latter charter shows that Bonifazio died without children, his property being inherited by his nephew Guglielmo Marchese di Ceva.

11. OTTONE "Boerio" (-before 1188). "Bonifacius marchio" appointed "filiis suos Maginfredum et Wilielmum adque Ugonem necnon Anselmum…et Anricum et Bonefacium minorem atque Odonem" as his heirs but disinherited "Bonifacium…incixie nominatum" by charter dated 1125[487]. "Marchiones filii domni Bonefatii…Manfredus, Wilielmus, Ugo, Anselmus, Enricus, Oddo Bouarius" donated property to the monastery of Staffarda by charter dated 9 Dec 1138[488]. A charter dated 1140 records the agreement between the people of Genoa and "marchiones filios Bonefacii…Manfredum et Hugonem et Anselmum et Henricum et Ottonem", promising not to make war secretly with "Oberto comite Vintimillii et filiis eius" with the permission of Genoa[489]. Conte di Loreto: a charter dated 22 Dec 1142 records the division of territories agreed between "Marchiones de Vasto…Mainfredum, Willielmum, Hugonem, Anselmum, Heinricum, Bonifacium et Oddonem filios quondam Bonifacii marchionis", under which Otto took "comitatus de Laureto"[490]. A charter dated 1155 records an agreement between the consuls of Genoa and "Manfredo, Enrico…Ottoni Bouerio"[491]. "Willelmus marchio filius Bonefacii marchionis quondam bone memorie" donated property at Scarnafigi to the monastery of Staffarda by charter dated to before 1156, witnessed by "Mainfredus marchio, Oto Bouerius marchio…"[492]. "Oto marchio" promised revenue to "Raimundo de Monteforti…Wilelmo de Monteforti et Mainfredo fratris eius" by charter dated 10 May 1157[493]. Marchese di Curtemilia. "Dominus Bonifacius Marchio de Curtemilia" confirmed the donation of "medietas castri, villæ…et comitatus Laureti", made by "Otto Marchio qui fuit frater eius", to the consuls of Asti by charter dated 1188[494]. m ---. The name of Ottone´s wife is not known. Ottone & his wife had one child:

a) BERENGARIO . "Dominus Raymundus Marchio de Busca filius quondam Domini Belengerii Marchionis de Busca" confirmed donations to "ecclesiæ Ulcensis" made by "D. Willelmo Marchione de Busca fratri dicti Domino Raimundi et Domino Henrico de Busca filio eiusdem Domini Willelmi et Domino Bellegerio filio quondam Domini Ottonis Boverii Marchionis" by charter dated 27 Apr 1231[495].

12. SIBILLA (-before 11 Dec 1146). "Bonifacius marchio" provided dowries for "filiabus…Sibilie et Adalaxia et alie filie si ex hac uxore nata fuit" by charter dated 1125[496]. The Genealogiæ Scriptoris Fusniacensis refers to (but does not name) the first of the daughters of "Hugonem Magnum [et] Adelaide comitissa Veromandensium" as wife of "Bonefacius marchio", parents of "Bonefacium archidiaconum Noviomensem et filios et filias, quarum una nupsit Guilelmo de Monte-pessulano"[497]. The contract of marriage between "Guillelmus de Montispessulano" and "sponsam meam…Sibiliam" is dated Aug 1129 and lists her dowry as "castrum…Monsferrarius et Castrum Novum et villam de Sustancione et villam de Salzeto et villam Sancti Martini de Crecio" (Montferrier, Castelnau-le-Lez, Substantion, Salzetum, Le Crès {Hérault})[498]. According to documentation relating to the divorce of Marie de Montpellier and Pedro II King of Aragon[499], Sibilla was the daughter of Bonifazio Marchese del Vasto (and, presumably, his second wife Agnès de Vermandois, although this is not specified in the text). In this text, several of Marie's relatives bore witness to the couple's shared ancestry, in particular "dominam Clemenciam amitam regine" (Clémence de Montpellier, sister of Guillaume [VIII] Seigneur de Montpellier) declared that "Bonifatius marchio habuit tres infantes…Bonefacium et Guillelmum marchionem et Sibiliam. De Bonifatio exivit domina Marchisia uxor domini Bernardo de Andusia, de Guillelmo marchione exivit comitissa de Bigorra, et de comitissa de Bigorra exivit uxor Bernardoni comitis Convenarum. De Sibilia exivit Guillelmus de Montepessulano, et de Guillelmo Montispessulani exivit Guillelmus pater Marie regine Aragonum. Hec ita vera esse audivit ab antecessoribus suis et a domino B. de Andusia et a domino episcopo Cyffricensi fratre eius, et a domina Marchisa eius uxore, et a domino R. episcopo Litteuensi et a multis aliis". However, it should not be assumed that this documentation is completely accurate. The ancestry attributed to Bernard Comte de Comminges in the extract quoted has not been verified. In addition, in another part of the text several witnesses incorrectly state that the mother of Mathilde de Bourgogne was a daughter of Renaud Comte de Bourgogne. m (contract Aug 1129) GUILLAUME [VI] Seigneur de Montpellier, son of GUILLAUME [V] Seigneur de Montpellier & his wife Ermesende --- (-[1162]).]

13. ADELAIDA (-after 1125). "Bonifacius marchio" provided dowries for "filiabus…Sibilie et Adalaxia et alie filie si ex hac uxore nata fuit" by charter dated 1125[500].

C. MARCHESI di SALUZZO 1142-1543

MANFREDO del Vasto, son of BONIFAZIO Marchese del Vasto & his [first wife Alix de Savoie] (-[4 Jun 1175/Mar 1176], bur Staffarda). "Bonifacius marchio filius Teutonis…marchio…cum Alice cometissa filia qd. d. Petri marchio atque Theotone, Petro, Magnifredo, Hugone et Willielmo filiis eorum" donated property to "monasterio sancti Petri…in…villa Saviliani" by charter dated 21 Dec 1099[501]. "Bonifacius marchio cum filiis suis Manfredo atque Ugone" donated property to "ecclesie S. Donati de Monte" by charter dated 1121[502]. "Dominus Meyfredus marchio de Vasto" donated revenue to the chapel of Staffarda by charter dated 23 Aug 1122[503]. "Bonifacius marchio" appointed "filiis suos Maginfredum et Wilielmum adque Ugonem necnon Anselmum…et Anricum et Bonefacium minorem atque Odonem" as his heirs but disinherited "Bonifacium…incixie nominatum" by charter dated 1125[504]. "Bonifatius marchio…Agnes comitissa uxor ipsius marchionis…filii eius Mainfredus et Ugo" donated "domum sancti Laurentii" to Lérins by charter dated 1127[505]. "Marchiones Wiliemus et Manfredus filii marchionis Bonifacii" promised not to construct castles in a certain location by charter dated 1135[506]. "Marchiones filii domni Bonefatii…Manfredus, Wilielmus, Ugo, Anselmus, Enricus, Oddo Bouarius" donated property to the monastery of Staffarda by charter dated 9 Dec 1138[507]. A charter dated 1140 records the agreement between the people of Genoa and "marchiones filios Bonefacii…Manfredum et Hugonem et Anselmum et Henricum et Ottonem", promising not to make war secretly with "Oberto comite Vintimillii" with the permission of Genoa[508]. MANFREDO I Marchese di Saluzzo: a charter dated 22 Dec 1142 records the division of territories agreed between "Marchiones de Vasto…Mainfredum, Willielmum, Hugonem, Anselmum, Heinricum, Bonifacium et Oddonem filios quondam Bonifacii marchionis", under which Manfredo took "marchionatus de Salutia"[509]. "Mainfredus marchio…cum fratribus meis" donated revenue from Ruffia and Orsarola to the monastery of Staffarda by charter dated 23 Feb 1143[510]. "Mainfredus marchio de Saluciis filius quondam domini Bonefacii marchionis de Vasto" donated property "in territorio…Torriana" to the monastery of Santa Maria di Staffarda by charter dated to 1148[511]. A charter dated 1155 records an agreement between the consuls of Genoa and "Manfredo, Enrico…Ottoni Bouerio"[512]. "Willelmus marchio filius Bonefacii marchionis quondam bone memorie" donated property at Scarnafigi to the monastery of Staffarda by charter dated to before 1156, witnessed by "Mainfredus marchio, Oto Bouerius marchio…"[513]. "Manfredus marchio filius condam Bonefacii bone memorie marchionis" donated property "in domo…Casanova…in territorio de Carmagnola" to Staffarda by charter dated 8 May 1161[514]. "Mainfredus marchio…cum filio suo Mainfredo" reached agreement with the abbot of Fruttuaria by charter dated 4 Jun 1175, witnessed by "Enricus vicecomes…"[515].

m ELEONORA, daughter of ---. A continuation of the Chronica Jacobi de Aquis names "Elionor figlola di Zudich, Conte de la Thorre Alborea…nipota del Re di Spagna" as the wife of "Manfredo", first son of "Bonifazio"[516].

Marchese Manfredo [I] & his wife had three children:

1. MANFREDO (1140-[20/27] Feb 1215). A continuation of the Chronica Jacobi de Aquis names "Manfredo" as oldest of the four sons of "Manfredo" and his wife "Elionor…"[517]. "Mainfredus marchio…cum filio suo Mainfredo" reached agreement with the abbot of Fruttuaria by charter dated 4 Jun 1175, witnessed by "Enricus vicecomes…"[518]. He succeeded his father in [1175] as MANFREDO II Marchese di Saluzzo. "Mainfredus filius quondam Mainfredi et Balengerius filius quondam Wilielmi" donated property "in territorio de Bordello" to Staffarda by charter dated Mar 1176[519]. "Dominus Manfredus Marchio Salutiarum et domina Alaxia eius uxor…et Manfredus nepos eorum filius quondam Bonifacii" invested "Wilielmum Constantiam" with "castellum de Costiglolis" by charter dated 22 Apr 1192[520]. m [firstly] (before Jun 1182) ALASIA di Monferrato, daughter of GUGLIELMO V "il Vecchio" Marchese di Monferrato & his wife Judith of Austria (-[after 24 Jun 1231]). A continuation of the Chronica Jacobi de Aquis names "Alasia figlola di Gulielmo Marchese di Monferrato" as the first wife of "Manfredo…Marchese…di Salucio", son of "Manfredo"[521]. "Marchioni Manfredo marchionis Salutii filius" donated property to "Adilasie mee uxor filie Wilielmi marchionis Montisferrati" by charter dated 1182[522]. "Manfredo figlio del Marchese di Saluzzo" donated property by charter dated Jun 1182 with the consent of "Adelaide sua Consorte figlia del Marchese Guglielmo di Monferrato"[523]. "Dominus Manfredus Marchio Salutiarum et domina Alaxia eius uxor…et Manfredus nepos eorum filius quondam Bonifacii" invested "Wilielmum Constantiam" with "castellum de Costiglolis" by charter dated 22 Apr 1192[524]. [m secondly ALASIA, daughter of ---. A continuation of the Chronica Jacobi de Aquis names "altra Alasia" as the second wife of "Manfredo…Marchese…di Salucio", son of "Manfredo", adding that the couple was childless[525]. It is not known whether this information is correct, but the following charter shows that the widow of Marchese Manfredo II was the mother of his daughter Agnese.] "Domina Alasia de Saluciis committissa uxor quondam domini Mainfredi filii quondam Bonifacii…marchionis" sold "villam Rivifrigidi" [Rifreddo] to "domine Agneti sue filie et filie dicti domini Mainfredi marchionis", with the advice and consent of "domini Guidonis de Plozasco", by charter dated 14 May 1219[526]. "Domine A Salutiarum comitisse" confirmed an exchange of property by Riffredo monastery by charter dated 24 Jun 1231[527]. Marchese Manfredo II & his wife had four children:

a) AGNESE (-after 31 Mar 1223). "Domina Alasia de Saluciis committissa uxor quondam domini Mainfredi filii quondam Bonifacii…marchionis" sold "villam Rivifrigidi" [Rifreddo] to "domine Agneti sue filie et filie dicti domini Mainfredi marchionis", with the advice and consent of "domini Guidonis de Plozasco", by charter dated 14 May 1219[528]. Manfredo III Marchese di Saluzzo sold property at Rifreddo to "domine Agnetis amite sua" for the construction of a monastery by charter dated 2 Apr 1220 "domini Guidonis de Plozasco", by charter dated 14 May 1219[529]. "Domina Agnete filia condam domini Mainfredi marchionis de Saluciis" bought property for Rifreddo monastery by charters dated 7 Dec 1222, 22 Feb 1223, 31 Mar 1223 (twice)[530]. m as his second wife, COMITA Judge of Torres, son of --- (-1218).

b) BONIFAZIO di Saluzzo (-before 28 Apr 1213). A continuation of the Chronica Jacobi de Aquis names "Bonifacio" as oldest child of "Manfredo…Marchese…di Salucio" and his wife "Alasia figlola di Gulielmo Marchese di Monferrato"[531]. "Bonifacius filius comitissæ…" witnessed the charter dated 1192 under which "Petrus Manisel filius quondam Dominici Manisel et eius nepos Oto Manisel filius quondam Johannis Manisel, D. Adalasiæ comitissæ de Saluciis" donated property to "monasterio sancti Laurentii de Ulcio"[532].

- see below.

c) MARGHERITA (-after 1233). m GOFFREDO de Salvaing, son of ---.

d) daughter . m GUGLIELMO II Marchese di Ceva, son of GUGLIELMO I Marchese di Ceva & his wife --- di Vento (-1219).

Marchese Manfredo II had one illegitimate child by an unknown mistress:

e) son.

2. ANSELMO (-after 11 Aug 1165). "Dominus Anselmus filius Mainfredi marchionis…" witnessed the charter dated 11 Aug 1165 under which "dominus Enricus de Busca et filii eius…Iacobus et Anricus" donated revenue from land in Lagnasco to Staffarda by charter dated 11 Aug 1165[533].

3. BONIFAZIO (-before 22 Apr 1192). m ---. The name of Bonifazio´s wife is not known. Bonifazio & his wife had one child:

a) MANFREDO (-after 22 Apr 1192). "Dominus Manfredus Marchio Salutiarum et domina Alaxia eius uxor…et Manfredus nepos eorum filius quondam Bonifacii" invested "Wilielmum Constantiam" with "castellum de Costiglolis" by charter dated 22 Apr 1192[534].

BONIFAZIO di Saluzzo, son of MANFREDO II Marchese di Saluzzo & his wife Alasia di Monferrato (-before 28 Apr 1213). A continuation of the Chronica Jacobi de Aquis names "Bonifacio" as oldest child of "Manfredo…Marchese…di Salucio" and his wife "Alasia figlola di Gulielmo Marchese di Monferrato"[535]. "Bonifacius filius comitissæ…" witnessed the charter dated 1192 under which "Petrus Manisel filius quondam Dominici Manisel et eius nepos Oto Manisel filius quondam Johannis Manisel, D. Adalasiæ comitissæ de Saluciis" donated property to "monasterio sancti Laurentii de Ulcio"[536]. His parentage is confirmed by the marriage contract between "Marchese Bonifazio figlio del Marchese Manfredo di Saluzzo" and "Maria figlia di Comita Signore di Sassari in Sardegan" dated Aug 1202[537]. The date of his death is set by the marriage contract dated 28 Apr 1213 between "Thomam comitem Maurienne…Amedeo f. dicti comitis" and "Manfredum II marchionem de Saluciis…Agnetem f. quondam Bonefacii"[538].

m (contract 25 Jul 1202) MARIA, daughter of COMITA Judge of Torres [Sardinia] & his first wife Sinispella dei Giudici di Arborea (-after 22 Jan 1215). A continuation of the Chronica Jacobi de Aquis names "Maria figlola dil Conte di Sardegna" as the wife of "Bonifacio", son of "Manfredo…Marchese…di Salucio"[539]. The marriage contract between "Bonifacium filium Mainfredi marchionis de Saluciis" and "Mariam filiam Comite…Turritane iudicis" is dated 25 Jul 1202[540]. "Comita judex Turritanus" donated property to "Girardo" in the name of "nepotum meorum…Manfredo et Agnete filiis quondam Bonifacii filii Manfredi marchionis de Saluciis et filie mee Maria" by charter dated 22 Jan 1215[541].

Marchese Bonifazio & his wife had two children:

1. MANFREDO (-29 Oct 1244). A continuation of the Chronica Jacobi de Aquis names "Manfredo" as the son of "Bonifacio…Marchese…di Salucio" and his wife "Maria figlola dil Conte di Sardegna"[542]. "Comita judex Turritanus" donated property to "Girardo" in the name of "nepotum meorum…Manfredo et Agnete filiis quondam Bonifacii filii Manfredi marchionis de Saluciis et filie mee Maria" by charter dated 22 Jan 1215[543]. He succeeded his grandfather in 1215 as MANFREDO III Marchese di Saluzzo. m (Betrothed 4 Mar 1223, Mar 1233) as her first husband, BEATRIX de Savoie, daughter of AMEDEE IV Comte de Savoie & his first wife Marguerite de Viennois (before 4 Mar 1223-10 May before 1259). The marriage contract between "Alaxiam comitissam Saluciarum et Manfredum marchionem Saluciarum eius nepotem" and "Thomam comitem Maurianæ…neptem suam…Beatrix" is dated 4 Mar 1223[544]. A contract dated 2 Oct 1227 between "Marchese Enrico di Savona" and "il Marchese Manfredo di Saluzzo" refers to the dowry of "Marchese di Savona…sua Consorte, figlia di Amedeo figlio del Conte di Savoia"[545]. She married secondly (Betrothed 8 May 1246, by proxy Mar 1247, contract 21 Apr 1247[546], [Dec 1248/Jan 1249]) as his first wife, Manfred von Hohenstaufen, who later succeeded as Manfred King of Sicily. The Historia Sicula of Bartolomeo di Neocastro records that "Manfredus" married "dominam Beatricem filiam ducis Sex Viarum, qui prius in virum…marchionem de Salluciis"[547]. A charter dated 8 May 1246 records the restitution of "castri Ripolarum" by Emperor Friedrich II to "fratribus de Sabaudia, Amedeo comite et Thoma", confirmed by the betrothal of "Manfredum dictum Lancea, filium naturalem imperatoris" and "Beatricem filiam Amedei comitis, relictam Manfredi marchionis Salucensis"[548]. The contract of marriage between "Manfredi Lanceæ filii Friderici Rom. Imperatoris" and "Beatrice marchionissa Salutiensi, filia Amedei comitis Sabaudiæ et in Italia marchionis, relicta Manfredi marchionis Salutiarum" is dated 21 Apr 1247[549]. A fourth testament of "Amedeus comes Sabaudie" is dated 19 Sep 1252, appoints "Bonifacium filium meum" as his heir, under the tutelage of his brother Thomas, substituting "fratri meo Thome de Sabaudia comitis…Beatricem filiam meam uxorem quondam Manfredi marchionis Salutiarum et Margaretam filiam meam uxorem Bonifacii marchionis Montisferrati", and names "Cecilie…uxori nostre…Beatrix filia mea minor"[550]. A fifth testament of Comte Amédée IV is dated 24 May 1253, appoints "Bonifacius filius suus, sub tutela Thomæ comitis" as his heir, substitutes "filiæ Amedei comitis…marchionissæ Beatrix Salutiarum et Margaretha Montisferrati", bequeathes "castrum Montis Meliani" to "Cæciliæ comitissæ", and chooses to be buried at Hautecombe[551]. The absence of any reference to Beatrix´s current husband King Manfred suggests a breakdown in their marriage. Marchese Manfredo III & his wife had [four] children:

a) ALASIA ([1236]-before 12 Jul 1311, bur Pontefract, Church of the Black Friars). "Mainfredus III marchio Salutiarum" appointed "Beatricem de Sabaudia suam uxorem" as co-tutor of "Thomæ et Alasinæ filiorum suorum" in his testament dated 1244[552]. Henry III King of England agreed that “unam filiarum filiæ...comitis [Sabaudiæ]” would marry “vel Johanni de Warenna qui si vixerit comes erit Warennæ, vel Edmundo de Lacy qui si vixerit comes erit Lincolniæ” by charter dated 1246[553]. A manuscript history of the Lacy family records that “Edmundum de Lacy comitem” married “dominam Aleciam filiam marchionis de Salves in Italia, cognatam reginæ Anglia ex parte Sabinensi” when she was “in juventute sua”[554]. “Edmundus de Lascy constabularius Cestriæ” donated property to Roche Abbey, for the souls of “…Alesiæ uxoris meæ”, by undated charter[555]. As Alasia gave birth to her first child in 1250, it is unlikely that she could have been born later than 1236, although at that date her own mother was probably only thirteen years old. Given this tight chronology, it is assumed that Alasia was her parents' first child. m (Woodstock early May 1247) EDMUND de Lacy Earl of Lincoln, son of JOHN de Lacy Earl of Lincoln & his second wife Margaret de Quincy (1230-2 Jun 1258, bur Stanlaw Abbey).

b) TOMASO (-3 Dec 1296, bur Staffarda Santa Maria). "Mainfredus III marchio Salutiarum" appointed "Beatricem de Sabaudia suam uxorem" as co-tutor of "Thomæ et Alasinæ filiorum suorum" in his testament dated 1244[556]. He succeeded his father in 1244 as TOMASO I Marchese di Saluzzo.

- see below.

c) [MARGHERITA (1245-). As she and her sister Agnese are not mentioned in their father´s testament dated 1244, it is assumed that they were born posthumously and that they were twins. However, Margherita is not mentioned in the charter dated 24 Aug 1251 which names Marchese Manfredo III´s three other children and their tutor Bonifazio Marchese di Monferrato. This raises doubts about the existence of Margherita. Nun.]

d) AGNESE (1245-after 4 Aug 1265, bur Pontefract, Church of the Black Friars). Her parentage is confirmed by the charter dated 24 Aug 1251 under which Bonifazio Marchese di Montferrato "tutor Thome filii condam Manfredi marchionis Salutiarum et filiarum suarum Alaxine et Agnesine" donated property to Staffarda monastery in accordance with the last wishes of Manfredo III Marchese di Saluzzo[557]. As she and her supposed sister Margherita are not mentioned in their father´s testament dated 1244, it is assumed that they were born posthumously and that they were twins (assuming that Margherita in fact existed, about which there are doubts as discussed above). It is assumed that her marriage was arranged by Pierre Comte de Savoie who had been her husband's guardian from 12 Feb 1254, after the death of his father[558]. m ([before 1262][559]) as his first wife, JOHN de Vescy, son of WILLIAM de Vescy & his second wife Agnes de Ferrers of Derby (18 Jul 1244-Montpellier 10 Feb 1289, bur Alnwick Abbey). No children.

2. AGNESE (-after 1219). The marriage contract between "Thomam comitem Maurienne…Amedeo f. dicti comitis" and "Manfredum II marchionem de Saluciis…Agnetem f. quondam Bonefacii" is dated 28 Apr 1213[560]. "Comita judex Turritanus" donated property to "Girardo" in the name of "nepotum meorum…Manfredo et Agnete filiis quondam Bonifacii filii Manfredi marchionis de Saluciis et filie mee Maria" by charter dated 22 Jan 1215[561]. Abbess of the Benedictine monastery of Santa Maria di Rifreddo, founded in 1219. Betrothed (28 Apr 1213) to AMEDEE de Savoie, son of THOMAS I Comte de Savoie & his wife Marguerite [Beatrix] de Genève (Montmélian, Savoie 1197-Montmélian 24 Jun or 13 Jul 1253, bur Hautecombe, abbaye royale de Sainte-Marie). He succeeded his father in 1233 as AMEDEE IV Comte de Savoie.

TOMMASO di Saluzzo, son of MANFREDO III Marchese di Saluzzo & his wife Béatrix de Savoie (-3 Dec 1296, bur Staffarda Santa Maria). A continuation of the Chronica Jacobi de Aquis names "Thomaso" as the son of "Manfredo" and his wife "Biatrix figlola dil Conte Amedeo di Savoya"[562]. "Mainfredus III marchio Salutiarum" appointed "Beatricem de Sabaudia suam uxorem" as co-tutor of "Thomæ et Alasinæ filiorum suorum" in his testament dated 1244[563]. He succeeded his father in 1244 as TOMMASO I Marchese di Saluzzo. The men of "marchionatus Salutiarum" swore homage to "Mainfredi marchionis, Thomæ…filio" by charter dated 1244[564]. The testament of "Bonefacius Montisferrati marchio", dated 12 Jun 1253, appoints "Guilelminum filium meum inpuberem" as his heir, substituting in turn "Alaxinam…filia mea" and "Tomam de Saluciis", if his son died childless[565]. "Thomas marchio Salutiarum atque…Aluysia de Ceva eius uxor et Salutiarum marchionissa" donated property to "monasterii beati Marie de Revello" by charter dated 25 Jun 1291[566]. The testament of "domini Thomæ Marchionis Salutiarum", dated 17 Oct 1294, chooses his burial "in monasterio S. Mariæ de Staffarda" with his heart buried "in monumento dominæ Alasiæ quondam marchionissæ Salutiarum consortis suæ in monasterio S. Mariæ de Revello", bequeathes property to "filium suum Philippum…filium suum Joannem…Bonifacium…Georgium… Elianoram filiam suam…filios dominæ Alasiæ filiæ suæ…filiam suam Beatricem…filiam suam sororem Constantiam…filiam suam sororem Margaritam…filiam suam sororem Alianam…filiam suam Catherinam…filiam suam Alvisiam…filiam suam Jolam…Manfredum suum primogenitum"[567].

m ALOISIA di Ceva, daughter of GUGLIELMO [II] Marchese di Ceva & his wife --- di Saluzzo (-[22 Aug 1291/1293], bur Revello Santa Maria). A continuation of the Chronica Jacobi de Aquis names "Loysa figlola dil Marchese di Ceva" as the wife of "Thomaso", son of "Manfredo"[568]. A charter dated 31 Mar 1282 names "Thome marchionis Salutiarum et Aluyisia eius uxoris"[569]. "Aloisia comitissa Salutiarum uxor Thomæ I marchionis Salutiarum" consented to donations by "eundem marchionem eorum filio Mainfredo" on the occasion of the latter´s marriage to "Beatrice filia quondam Mainfredi regis Siciliæ" by charter dated 1286[570]. "Marchese Tomaso di Saluzzo e Marchesa Alosia padre e madre di detto Manfredo" consented to the marriage between "Manfredo figlio primogenito del Marchese Tomaso di Saluzzo" and "Beatrice figlia del fù Re Manfredo, sorella della Regina Costanza d'Aragona e Sicilia" by contract dated 3 Jul 1286[571]. "Thomas marchio Salutiarum atque…Aluysia de Ceva eius uxor et Salutiarum marchionissa" donated property to "monasterii beati Marie de Revello" by charter dated 25 Jun 1291[572].

Marchese Tomaso I & his wife had fifteen children:

1. MANFREDO ([1262]-Cortemiglia 16 Sep 1340, bur Farigliano Santo Giovanni). A continuation of the Chronica Jacobi de Aquis names "Manfredo" as the oldest son of "Thomaso…Marchese di Salucio" and his wife "Loysa figlola dil Marchese di Ceva"[573]. He succeeded his father in 1296 as MANFREDO IV Marchese di Saluzzo.

- see below.

2. ELEONORA ([1265]-after 1315). The marriage contract between "dominus Thomas marchio Saluciarum…Elyenor filie" and "Henrico de Carretto filio…condam domini Jacobi marchionis de Carretto" is dated 1 Feb 1276[574]. The testament of "domini Thomæ Marchionis Salutiarum", dated 17 Oct 1294, bequeathes property to "…Elianoram filiam suam…filios dominæ Alasiæ filiæ suæ…filiam suam Beatricem…filiam suam sororem Constantiam…filiam suam sororem Margaritam…filiam suam sororem Alianam…filiam suam Catherinam…filiam suam Alvisiam…filiam suam Jolam…"[575]. Betrothed (1 Feb 1276) to ENRICO di Carretto, son of GIACOMO di Finale Marchese di Noli e Finale & his second wife Caterina da Marano [Hohenstaufen]. m ([1310]) as his second wife CORRADO I di Caretto titular Marchese di Savona, son of GIACOMO di Finale Marchese di Noli e Finale & his second wife Caterina da Marano [Hohenstaufen] (Finale [1250]-[1316/18]).

3. ALASIA [Alicia] (-25 Sep 1292). The testament of "domini Thomæ Marchionis Salutiarum", dated 17 Oct 1294, bequeathes property to "…Elianoram filiam suam…filios dominæ Alasiæ filiæ suæ…filiam suam Beatricem…filiam suam sororem Constantiam…filiam suam sororem Margaritam…filiam suam sororem Alianam…filiam suam Catherinam…filiam suam Alvisiam…filiam suam Jolam…"[576]. m (before 1285) RICHARD FitzAlan Lord of Clun and Oswestry, son of JOHN FitzAlan Lord of Clun and Oswestry & his wife Isabel de Mortimer (3 Feb 1267-9 Mar 1302, bur Haughmond Abbey, Shropshire). He was created Earl of Sussex [Arundel] in 1289.

4. VIOLANTE ). The primary source which confirms her parentage and two marriages has not yet been identified. Secondary sources show Violante as the third wife of Lucchino and mother of his three younger legitimate children. However, this is inconsistent with the sources which record his wife Elisabetta as still alive when Lucchino was killed and as mother of his son Lucchino (see the document MILAN) and also appears to be chronologically impossible. m [firstly] OBIZZO Spinola Doge of Genoa, son of --- (-1315). [m secondly (1339) as his third wife, LUCCHINO Visconti of Milan, son of MATTEO [I] Visconti Lord of Milan & his wife Violanta di Borri (-murdered Milan 24 Jan 1349).]

5. FILIPPO (-Oct 1324). The testament of "domini Thomæ Marchionis Salutiarum", dated 17 Oct 1294, bequeathes property to "filium suum Philippum…filium suum Joannem…Bonifacium…Georgium…Manfredum suum primogenitum"[577]. Governor of Sardinia 1324. m firstly (before 1292) SIBILLA di Peralta, daughter of GUGLIELMO Conte di Caltabellotta & his wife --- (-1321). m secondly (1324) AGALBURSA di Cervera, daughter of ---. Filippo & his first wife had four children:

a) ELEONORA (-1330). m FELIPE Fernández Señor de Castro, son of FELIPE Fernández Señor de Castro [Aragon] & his wife doña María Álvarez de Haro (-[1328/30]).

b) MARCHESA . m (1320) PEDRO de Luna y Alagon, son of PEDRO Martínez de Luna & his wife Violante de Alagón (-[before 1343]).

c) CONSTANZA (-18 Feb 1348). Zurita records the marriage contract agreed 1328 between “el Juez de Arborea...su hijo el mayor...Pedro de Arborea” and “doña Costança de Saluces hija de Felipe de Saluces...muy cerca parienta del Rey”[578]. A nun at Santa Chiara d’Oristano 1347. m (contract 1328) PIETRO [III] di Basso di Arborea, son of UGONE di Basso Judge of Arborea & his wife --- (-1347). He succeeded his father in 1336 as Judge of Arborea.

d) RAIMONDO de Peralta (-1348). He adopted his mother's name. Conte di Caltabellotta. m firstly ALDONZA, daughter of FILIPPO [I] Ferrando di Castro & his wife ---. m secondly (1322) as her second husband, doña ISABEL de Aragón, illegitimate daughter of FEDERIGO I King of Sicily & his mistress Sibilla Sormela (-1341). Descendants extinct 16th century.

6. GIOVANNI ([1272/76]-after 22 May 1329). The testament of "domini Thomæ Marchionis Salutiarum", dated 17 Oct 1294, bequeathes property to "filium suum Philippum…filium suum Joannem…Bonifacium…Georgium…Manfredum suum primogenitum"[579]. "Johannes de Saluciis filius quondam…Thome condam marchionis Saluciarum" donated property to "Manfredum marchionum Saluciarum fratrem suum" by charter dated 17 Jan 1297, and by a second charter of the same date was invested with "castris et villa Busche et castro et villa Centallj" by his brother[580]. A charter dated Apr 1310 records peace terms proposed between “domini Opecinus, Raynaldus et Oddoardus Spinule de Luculo”, including their supporters “...Johannes de Saluciis...”, and the commune of Genoa respecting conventions relating to “Monaco”[581]. A charter dated 19 Nov 1324 records an agreement between "D. Federicus Marchio Cravexanæ et Joannes de Salutiis" and "D. Guillielmus filius…D. Nani Marchionis Ceve, Bonifacius et Odonus fratres filii D. Georgii de Ceva quondam et nepotes dicti D. Nani Marchionis"[582]. "Manfredus marchio Salutiarum" granted property to "Johanni de Saluciis fratri suo", with the consent of "Yssabele comittisse Saluciarum eius consortis et Manfredi, Theodori et Bonifacii filiorum suorum", by charter dated 10 Mar 1329[583]. A charter dated 22 May 1329 records an arbitration by "DD. Joannes et Georgius de Salutiis" of a dispute between "Domino Manfredo Marchione Salutiarum et Manfredo eius filio…ac nomine Teodori et Bonifacii filiorum dicti domini Marchionis" and "Domino Federico de Salutiis…et Thomæ eius filii"[584]. Marchese di Dogliano. Maybe ancestor of the Marchesi di DOGLIANO.

7. BONIFAZIO (-before 8 Dec 1325). The testament of "domini Thomæ Marchionis Salutiarum", dated 17 Oct 1294, bequeathes property to "filium suum Philippum…filium suum Joannem…Bonifacium…Georgium…Manfredum suum primogenitum"[585]. A monk 1303. "Georgius filius quondam…Thome…quondam marchionis Saluciarum" donated property for the soul of "quondam Bonifacii fratris sui" by charter dated 8 Dec 1325[586].

8. GIORGIO (-in England after 1349). The testament of "domini Thomæ Marchionis Salutiarum", dated 17 Oct 1294, bequeathes property to "filium suum Philippum…filium suum Joannem…Bonifacium…Georgium…Manfredum suum primogenitum"[587]. A monk 1303. "Georgius filius quondam…Thome…quondam marchionis Saluciarum" donated property for the soul of "quondam Bonifacii fratris sui" by charter dated 8 Dec 1325[588]. A charter dated 22 May 1329 records an arbitration by "DD. Joannes et Georgius de Salutiis" of a dispute between "Domino Manfredo Marchione Salutiarum et Manfredo eius filio…ac nomine Teodori et Bonifacii filiorum dicti domini Marchionis" and "Domino Federico de Salutiis…et Thomæ eius filii"[589].

9. BEATRICE (-after 17 Oct 1294). The testament of "domini Thomæ Marchionis Salutiarum", dated 17 Oct 1294, bequeathes property to "…Elianoram filiam suam…filios dominæ Alasiæ filiæ suæ…filiam suam Beatricem…filiam suam sororem Constantiam…filiam suam sororem Margaritam…filiam suam sororem Alianam…filiam suam Catherinam…filiam suam Alvisiam…filiam suam Jolam…"[590].

10. CONSTANZA (-after 17 Oct 1294). The testament of "domini Thomæ Marchionis Salutiarum", dated 17 Oct 1294, bequeathes property to "…Elianoram filiam suam…filios dominæ Alasiæ filiæ suæ…filiam suam Beatricem…filiam suam sororem Constantiam…filiam suam sororem Margaritam…filiam suam sororem Alianam…filiam suam Catherinam…filiam suam Alvisiam…filiam suam Jolam…"[591]. A nun.

11. MARGHERITA (-after 8 Jan 1332). The testament of "domini Thomæ Marchionis Salutiarum", dated 17 Oct 1294, bequeathes property to "…Elianoram filiam suam…filios dominæ Alasiæ filiæ suæ…filiam suam Beatricem…filiam suam sororem Constantiam…filiam suam sororem Margaritam…filiam suam sororem Alianam…filiam suam Catherinam…filiam suam Alvisiam…filiam suam Jolam…"[592]. A nun at Revello 1313. The testament of "Dominus Manfredus Marchio Salutiarum", dated 8 Jan 1332, donated property to "hospitali novo Revelli" and restored property to "Margaritæ, Alianæ et Catherinæ sororibus suis"[593].

12. ALIANA (-after 8 Jan 1332). The testament of "domini Thomæ Marchionis Salutiarum", dated 17 Oct 1294, bequeathes property to "…Elianoram filiam suam…filios dominæ Alasiæ filiæ suæ…filiam suam Beatricem…filiam suam sororem Constantiam…filiam suam sororem Margaritam…filiam suam sororem Alianam…filiam suam Catherinam…filiam suam Alvisiam…filiam suam Jolam…"[594]. A nun at Revello. The testament of "Dominus Manfredus Marchio Salutiarum", dated 8 Jan 1332, donated property to "hospitali novo Revelli" and restored property to "Margaritæ, Alianæ et Catherinæ sororibus suis"[595].

13. CATERINA (-after 8 Jan 1332). The testament of "domini Thomæ Marchionis Salutiarum", dated 17 Oct 1294, bequeathes property to "…Elianoram filiam suam…filios dominæ Alasiæ filiæ suæ…filiam suam Beatricem…filiam suam sororem Constantiam…filiam suam sororem Margaritam…filiam suam sororem Alianam…filiam suam Catherinam…filiam suam Alvisiam…filiam suam Jolam…"[596]. A nun at Revello. The testament of "Dominus Manfredus Marchio Salutiarum", dated 8 Jan 1332, donated property to "hospitali novo Revelli" and restored property to "Margaritæ, Alianæ et Catherinæ sororibus suis"[597].

14. ALUISIA (-after 17 Oct 1294). The testament of "domini Thomæ Marchionis Salutiarum", dated 17 Oct 1294, bequeathes property to "…Elianoram filiam suam…filios dominæ Alasiæ filiæ suæ…filiam suam Beatricem…filiam suam sororem Constantiam…filiam suam sororem Margaritam…filiam suam sororem Alianam…filiam suam Catherinam…filiam suam Alvisiam…filiam suam Jolam…"[598].

15. ANNA (-after 17 Oct 1294). The testament of "domini Thomæ Marchionis Salutiarum", dated 17 Oct 1294, bequeathes property to "…Elianoram filiam suam…filios dominæ Alasiæ filiæ suæ…filiam suam Beatricem…filiam suam sororem Constantiam…filiam suam sororem Margaritam…filiam suam sororem Alianam…filiam suam Catherinam…filiam suam Alvisiam…filiam suam Jolam…"[599]. m MANFREDO Beccaria, son of ---.

Marchese Tomaso I had three illegitimate children by unknown mistresses:

16. BONIFAZIO Facieto di Mulazzano (-after 1335). Tomaso Marchese di Saluzzo donated "fortalicium Mantæ et…feudalia in Carmagnolia, Enviis et Sanctofronte" to "bastardo suo Mulazano de Salutiis" on his marriage to "Alaxina filia Facioni de Ellena", by charter dated to after 1273[600]. Signore di Mattone, Vicario generale di Saluzzo 1301. m ([16 Jan 1283]) ALASINA, daughter of FACIONO di Elena di Carmagnola & his wife ---. Tomaso Marchese di Saluzzo donated "fortalicium Mantæ et…feudalia in Carmagnolia, Enviis et Sanctofronte" to "bastardo suo Mulazano de Salutiis" on his marriage to "Alaxina filia Facioni de Ellena", by charter dated to after 1273[601]. Tomaso Marchese di Saluzzo declared having received, in the name of "Facieti de Mullazano bastardi sui", from "Henrico de Ellena et eius filio Faciono de Carmagnolia" the dowry of "Alaxine filie dicti Facioni de Ellena uxoris dicti Facieti bastardi dicti domini marchionis", by charter dated 16 Jan 1283[602]. Bonifazio & his wife had two children:

a) GIOVANNI (-after 1355). Podesta di Saluzzo 1355.

b) CORRADINO (-after 1359). Podesta di Saluzzo 1359.

17. LANCIA (-after 1292).

18. LEONE (-after 1292).

MANFREDO di Saluzzo, son of TOMMASO I Marchese di Saluzzo & his wife Aloisia di Ceva ([1262]-Cortemiglia 16 Sep 1340, bur Farigliano Santo Giovanni). A continuation of the Chronica Jacobi de Aquis names "Manfredo" as the oldest son of "Thomaso…Marchese di Salucio" and his wife "Loysa figlola dil Marchese di Ceva"[603]. "Thomas marchio Saluciarum" emancipated "Maynfredum filium nostrum" is dated 12 Sep 1279[604]. "Mainfredus filius…Thome I marchionis Salutiarum" witnessed a charter dated 26 Jan 1283 which records an agreement between Guglielmo Marchese di Monferrato and the men of Alba[605]. The testament of "domini Thomæ Marchionis Salutiarum", dated 17 Oct 1294, bequeathes property to "…Manfredum suum primogenitum"[606]. He succeeded his father in 1296 as MANFREDO IV Marchese di Saluzzo. "Mayffredus marchio Saluciarum pro se et Fredelicho filio suo" and "dominus Philippus de Sabaudia princeps Achaye" agreed the division of "marchionatus Montisferrati" by charter dated 30 Mar 1314[607]. "Mainfredus IV Marchio Salutiarum" appointed "Mainfredum filium suum et suæ uxoris Isabellæ de Auria" as his heir in "marchionatu Salutiarum" and disinherited "filium suum primogenitum Fredericum", by charter dated 1323[608]. "Manfredus marchio Salutiarum" granted property to "Johanni de Saluciis fratri suo", with the consent of "Yssabele comittisse Saluciarum eius consortis et Manfredi, Theodori et Bonifacii filiorum suorum", by charter dated 10 Mar 1329[609]. A charter dated 22 May 1329 records an arbitration by "DD. Joannes et Georgius de Salutiis" of a dispute between "Domino Manfredo Marchione Salutiarum et Manfredo eius filio…ac nomine Teodori et Bonifacii filiorum dicti domini Marchionis" and "Domino Federico de Salutiis…et Thomæ eius filii"[610]. A charter dated 4 Jun 1330 records an arbitration by "Dominus Philippus de Sabaudia Princeps Achajæ" of the dispute between "DD. Manfredum Marchionem Salutiarum, Manfredum, Teodorum et Bonifacium eius filios" and "Dominum Federicum primogenitum ipsius Domini Marchionis ac…Thomam ipsius Domini Federici filium"[611]. A continuation of the Chronica Jacobi de Aquis records that "Manfredo…Marchese di Saluzzo" died "nel 1340 circa"[612]. The testament of "Dominus Manfredus Marchio Salutiarum", dated 8 Jan 1332 in the presence of "Domino Bonifacio Marchione de Carretto…", bequeathes property to "Manfredo filio suo…Teodorum et Bonifatium filios suos et fratres dicti Manfredi…Elindæ filiæ suæ naturali…Dominæ Leonoræ nurui suæ et uxor dicti Manfredi", donated property to "hospitali novo Revelli" and restored property to "Margaritæ, Alianæ et Catherinæ sororibus suis", provides in case of the decease of "Odonus de Ceva" leaving "Leonora filia dicti Marchionis et uxor dicti Domini Odonis", provides conditional inheritance for "Federico eius filio…Thomam ipsius Friderici filium nepotem ipsius Domini Marchionis", and invests "Dominos Jacobum, Manfredum et Thomam de Carretto" with property[613]. A charter dated 12 Feb 1334 records a treaty between Robert I King of Sicily and "Manfredum marchionem Salutianum et eius filios Manfredum, Theodorum, et Bonifacium", naming "Borralus filius Henrici marchionis de Ponzono" as one of their representatives[614]. Under a charter dated 29 Dec 1334 "Manfredus Marchio Salutiarum" records the allegiance of "carissimum filium nostrum Federicum"[615]. Gioffredo records the death in 1340 of “Manfredo Marchese di Saluzzo carico d’anni 80” and his burial “nella chiesa de’frati minori di Cortemiglia”[616]. His actual place of burial is confirmed by the testament of his son Marchese Manfredo V (see below).

m firstly (1287) BEATRICE of Sicily, daughter of MANFREDO King of Sicily [Staufen] & his second wife Helena Dukaina Angelina (-[1307/08]). The Historia Sicula of Bartolomeo di Neocastro names "Beatrix" as the child of "Manfredum" and his second wife "Helenam filiam despoti regis Thessalie"[617]. After her capture with her mother at Trani following her father's death, she was imprisoned at the Castel dell'Uovo in Naples from 1271. The Chronicle of Ramon Muntaner records that "la fille du roi Mainfroi, sœur de la reine d´Arragon" was freed from "le château de l´Hou" by "Roger de Lauria", dated to 1284[618]. The contract of marriage between "Manfredo figlio primogenito del Marchese Tomaso di Saluzzo" and "Beatrice figlia del fù Re Manfredo, sorella della Regina Costanza d'Aragona e Sicilia" is dated 3 Jul 1286 and specifies the consent of "Marchese Tomaso di Saluzzo e Marchesa Alosia padre e madre di detto Manfredo"[619]. "Aloisia comitissa Salutiarum uxor Thomæ I marchionis Salutiarum" consented to donations by "eundem marchionem eorum filio Mainfredo" on the occasion of the latter´s marriage to "Beatrice filia quondam Mainfredi regis Siciliæ" by charter dated 1286[620].

m secondly (before 17 Jul 1308) ISABELLA Doria, daughter of BERNABÒ Doria, patrizio of Genoa & his wife Eleonora Fieschi (-1353, bur Staffarda). A continuation of the Chronica Jacobi de Aquis names "Isabella figlola di miser Bernabo di Auria capetano & come signore di Savona" as the second wife of "Manfredo", oldest son of "Thomaso…Marchese di Salucio"[621]. "Manffredus…marchio Saluciarum" gave a quittance dated 17 Jul 1308 to "Bernabo Aurie capitanneo communis et populi Janue" for the dowry of "Ysabelle filie dicti Bernabo sponsse et uxoris dicti marchionis"[622]. "Manfredus marchio Salutiarum" granted property to "Johanni de Saluciis fratri suo", with the consent of "Yssabele comittisse Saluciarum eius consortis et Manfredi, Theodori et Bonifacii filiorum suorum", by charter dated 10 Mar 1329[623]. The testament of her son "Manfredus Marchio Salutiarum filius quondam…domini Manfredi Marchionis Salutiarum", dated 5 Aug 1389, records that "mater mea" was buried in "monasterio Staffarda"[624].

Marchese Manfredo IV & his first wife had two children:

1. CATERINA . m GUGLIELMO Enganna, Signore di La Barge.

2. FEDERIGO di Saluzzo ([1287]-29 Jun 1336, bur Saluzzo Dominican Church). The early 14th century Chronica Jacobi de Aquis names "Rege Manfredo…aliam [filiam] Beatricem" and "Manfredo primogenito Thomæ marchionis Salutarium" as parents of "unicus filius Fredericus"[625]. He succeeded in 1334 as FEDERIGO I Marchese di Saluzzo.

- see below.

Marchese Manfredo IV & his second wife had five children:

3. [MANFREDO] (-before 14 Jul 1325). "Manfredus IV marchio Salutiarum" donated property on the death of "filio suo Mainfredo" by charter dated 14 Jul 1325[626]. This charter is difficult to understand. Manfred, son of Marchese Manfredo IV, is named in documents after this date. The birth of his younger brother Teodoro is estimated to [1313/14], therefore it appears unlikely that there was a second son named Manfredo born after the death of his older brother of the same name. It is assumed that "filio suo Mainfredo" in this document is an error for another name.]

4. MANFREDO ([1310/12]-[8 Aug 1389/1392]). A continuation of the Chronica Jacobi de Aquis names "Manfredo" as the oldest of the three sons of "Manfredo…Marchese di Salucio" and his wife "Isabella…di Auria"[627]. "Mainfredus IV Marchio Salutiarum" appointed "Mainfredum filium suum et suæ uxoris Isabellæ de Auria" as his heir in "marchionatu Salutiarum" and disinherited "filium suum primogenitum Fredericum", by charter dated 1323[628]. "Fredericus de Saluciis filius…Manfredi marchionis Saluciarum" granted a licence for the marriage of "Philippi de Sabaudia principis Achaye…unam ex filiabus ipsius" and "Manfredum filium ipsius M. marchionis" by charter dated 4 Jul 1326[629]. "Manfredus marchio Salutiarum" granted property to "Johanni de Saluciis fratri suo", with the consent of "Yssabele comittisse Saluciarum eius consortis et Manfredi, Theodori et Bonifacii filiorum suorum", by charter dated 10 Mar 1329[630]. A charter dated 22 May 1329 records an arbitration by "DD. Joannes et Georgius de Salutiis" of a dispute between "Domino Manfredo Marchione Salutiarum et Manfredo eius filio…ac nomine Teodori et Bonifacii filiorum dicti domini Marchionis" and "Domino Federico de Salutiis…et Thomæ eius filii"[631]. A charter dated 4 Jun 1330 records an arbitration by "Dominus Philippus de Sabaudia Princeps Achajæ" of the dispute between "DD. Manfredum Marchionem Salutiarum, Manfredum, Teodorum et Bonifacium eius filios" and "Dominum Federicum primogenitum ipsius Domini Marchionis ac…Thomam ipsius Domini Federici filium"[632]. The testament of "Dominus Manfredus Marchio Salutiarum", dated 8 Jan 1332, bequeathes property to "Manfredo filio suo…Teodorum et Bonifatium filios suos et fratres dicti Manfredi…Elindæ filiæ suæ naturali…Dominæ Leonoræ nurui suæ et uxor dicti Manfredi"[633]. A charter dated 12 Feb 1334 records a treaty between Robert I King of Sicily and "Manfredum marchionem Salutianum et eius filios Manfredum, Theodorum, et Bonifacium", naming "Borralus filius Henrici marchionis de Ponzono" as one of their representatives[634]. Signore di Mulazzano, Carde e Carmagnola. He deposed his nephew in 1341, succeeding as MANFREDO V Marchese di Saluzzo. He was deposed 27 Mar 1344, restored 13 May 1344 but deposed definitively in 1346. The testament of "Manfredus Marchio Salutiarum filius quondam…domini Manfredi Marchionis Salutiarum", dated 5 Aug 1389, chooses burial if he died in "Duriam Baltiam…ad domum fratrem Minorem in Papia in monumento in quo jacet domina Eleonora di Sabaudia consors, Maria filia et Philippus Galeatius nepos mei" and if "ultra…Duriam…in ecclesia S. Joannis de Farigliano cum patre meo", bequeathes property to "Dominus Antonius filius meus Archiepiscopus Mediolanensis…Manfredus et Joannes fratres filii quondam Hugolini olim filii mei…Thomam et Galeaz filios meos…Georgium filium Theodori fratris mei" and to "eorum filiis naturalibus" what would have been due to the deceased "Ludovicus filius meus…et…Joannes filius meus"[635]. m (consent granted 4 Jul 1326, 1333) ELEONORE de Savoie, daughter of PHILIPPE de Savoie Prince of Achaia & his second wife Catherine de Viennois (-Oct 1350, bur Pavia Franciscan Church). "Fredericus de Saluciis filius…Manfredi marchionis Saluciarum" granted a licence for the marriage of "Philippi de Sabaudia principis Achaye…unam ex filiabus ipsius" and "Manfredum filium ipsius M. marchionis" by charter dated 4 Jul 1326[636]. The testament of "Dominus Manfredus Marchio Salutiarum", dated 8 Jan 1332, bequeathes property to "Manfredo filio suo…Teodorum et Bonifatium filios suos et fratres dicti Manfredi…Elindæ filiæ suæ naturali…Dominæ Leonoræ nurui suæ et uxor dicti Manfredi"[637]. Marchese Manfredo V & his wife had eight children:

a) UGONINO (-before 5 Aug 1389). Signore di Cardé e Piozzo. The testament of "Manfredus Marchio Salutiarum filius quondam…domini Manfredi Marchionis Salutiarum", dated 5 Aug 1389, bequeathes property to "…Manfredus et Joannes fratres filii quondam Hugolini olim filii mei…"[638]. He was ancestor of the Signori di Cardé e Piozzo.

b) ANTONIO (-1401). The testament of "Manfredus Marchio Salutiarum filius quondam…domini Manfredi Marchionis Salutiarum", dated 5 Aug 1389, bequeathes property to "Dominus Antonius filius meus Archiepiscopus Mediolanensis…"[639]. Archbishop of Milan.

c) LUDOVICO (-before 5 Aug 1389). The testament of "Manfredus Marchio Salutiarum filius quondam…domini Manfredi Marchionis Salutiarum", dated 5 Aug 1389, bequeathes property to "eorum filiis naturalibus" what would have been due to the deceased "Ludovicus filius meus…et…Joannes filius meus"[640]. Ludovico had one illegitimate child by an unknown mistress:

i) LANZARETTO (-after 1397).

d) MARIA (-bur Pavia Franciscan Church). The testament of her father "Manfredus Marchio Salutiarum filius quondam…domini Manfredi Marchionis Salutiarum", dated 5 Aug 1389, records that "domina Eleonora di Sabaudia consors, Maria filia et Philippus Galeatius nepos mei" were buried in "domum fratrem Minorem in Papia"[641].

e) ISABELLA . m FRANCESCO Malaspina, son of ---.

f) GIOVANNI (-before 5 Aug 1389). The testament of "Manfredus Marchio Salutiarum filius quondam…domini Manfredi Marchionis Salutiarum", dated 5 Aug 1389, bequeathes property to "eorum filiis naturalibus" what would have been due to the deceased "Ludovicus filius meus…et…Joannes filius meus"[642]. Giovanni had one illegitimate child by an unknown mistress:

i) ANTONIO Marsilio .

g) TOMMASO (-after 5 Aug 1389). The testament of "Manfredus Marchio Salutiarum filius quondam…domini Manfredi Marchionis Salutiarum", dated 5 Aug 1389, bequeathes property to "…Thomam et Galeaz filios meos…"[643]. Signore di Mulazzano. m BARTOLOMEA Ceva dei Marchesi di Ceva, daughter of ---. Tomaso & his wife had one child:

i) MANFREDO (-1436). Signore di Mulazzano. Marshall of Savoy. m FRANÇOISE de Montmajour, daughter of ---. Manfredo & his wife had one child:

(a) AMEDEA (-after 10 Feb 1473). The marriage contract of “...Guihaume de Chalancon fils [de] Loys” and “noble Amédée de Salusses” is dated 1441 (no details)[644]. The testament of “damoyselle Amédée de Salusses femme d’Armand viconte de Polignac” is dated 10 Feb 1473 (no details)[645]. m (16 May 1441) GUILLAUME ARMAND [XIII] de Polignac Vicomte de Polignac, son of LOUIS ARMAND [XII] de Chalencon Vicomte de Poliganc & his first wife Isabelle de la Tour (-12 Aug 1473).

h) GALEAZZO (-after 5 Aug 1389). The testament of "Manfredus Marchio Salutiarum filius quondam…domini Manfredi Marchionis Salutiarum", dated 5 Aug 1389, bequeathes property to "…Thomam et Galeaz filios meos…"[646]. Signore di Farigliano. Ancestor of the family di Farigliano.

5. TEODORO ([1313/14]-before 1348). "Manfredus marchio Salutiarum" granted property to "Johanni de Saluciis fratri suo", with the consent of "Yssabele comittisse Saluciarum eius consortis et Manfredi, Theodori et Bonifacii filiorum suorum", by charter dated 10 Mar 1329[647]. A charter dated 22 May 1329 records an arbitration by "DD. Joannes et Georgius de Salutiis" of a dispute between "Domino Manfredo Marchione Salutiarum et Manfredo eius filio…ac nomine Teodori et Bonifacii filiorum dicti domini Marchionis" and "Domino Federico de Salutiis…et Thomæ eius filii"[648]. A charter dated 4 Jun 1330 records an arbitration by "Dominus Philippus de Sabaudia Princeps Achajæ" of the dispute between "DD. Manfredum Marchionem Salutiarum, Manfredum, Teodorum et Bonifacium eius filios" and "Dominum Federicum primogenitum ipsius Domini Marchionis ac…Thomam ipsius Domini Federici filium"[649]. The testament of "Dominus Manfredus Marchio Salutiarum", dated 8 Jan 1332, bequeathes property to "Manfredo filio suo…Teodorum et Bonifatium filios suos et fratres dicti Manfredi…Elindæ filiæ suæ naturali…Dominæ Leonoræ nurui suæ et uxor dicti Manfredi"[650]. A charter dated 12 Feb 1334 records a treaty between Robert I King of Sicily and "Manfredum marchionem Salutianum et eius filios Manfredum, Theodorum, et Bonifacium", naming "Borralus filius Henrici marchionis de Ponzono" as one of their representatives[651]. A charter dated 13 Apr 1338 records that "Theodorus frater…Manfredi filiusque…marchionis" was over 24 years old and under 25 years old[652]. Signore di Scarnafiggi. m ---. The name of Teodoro´s wife is not known. Teodoro & his wife had one child:

a) GIORGIO (-after 5 Aug 1389). The testament of "Manfredus Marchio Salutiarum filius quondam…domini Manfredi Marchionis Salutiarum", dated 5 Aug 1389, bequeathes property to "…Georgium filium Theodori fratris mei"[653]. Signore di Scarnafiggi.

6. BONIFAZIO (-before 1343). "Manfredus marchio Salutiarum" granted property to "Johanni de Saluciis fratri suo", with the consent of "Yssabele comittisse Saluciarum eius consortis et Manfredi, Theodori et Bonifacii filiorum suorum", by charter dated 10 Mar 1329[654]. A charter dated 22 May 1329 records an arbitration by "DD. Joannes et Georgius de Salutiis" of a dispute between "Domino Manfredo Marchione Salutiarum et Manfredo eius filio…ac nomine Teodori et Bonifacii filiorum dicti domini Marchionis" and "Domino Federico de Salutiis…et Thomæ eius filii"[655]. A charter dated 4 Jun 1330 records an arbitration by "Dominus Philippus de Sabaudia Princeps Achajæ" of the dispute between "DD. Manfredum Marchionem Salutiarum, Manfredum, Teodorum et Bonifacium eius filios" and "Dominum Federicum primogenitum ipsius Domini Marchionis ac…Thomam ipsius Domini Federici filium"[656]. The testament of "Dominus Manfredus Marchio Salutiarum", dated 8 Jan 1332, bequeathes property to "Manfredo filio suo…Teodorum et Bonifatium filios suos et fratres dicti Manfredi…Elindæ filiæ suæ naturali…Dominæ Leonoræ nurui suæ et uxor dicti Manfredi"[657]. A charter dated 12 Feb 1334 records a treaty between Robert I King of Sicily and "Manfredum marchionem Salutianum et eius filios Manfredum, Theodorum, et Bonifacium", naming "Borralus filius Henrici marchionis de Ponzono" as one of their representatives[658]. Signore di Torre di San Giorgio.

7. ELEONORA (-after 8 Jan 1332). The testament of "Dominus Manfredus Marchio Salutiarum", dated 8 Jan 1332 in the presence of "Domino Bonifacio Marchione de Carretto…", provides in case of the decease of "Odonus de Ceva" leaving "Leonora filia dicti Marchionis et uxor dicti Domini Odonis"[659]. m OTTONE [I] Marchese di Ceva, son of GIORGIO Marchese di Ceva & his wife --- (-after 8 Jan 1332).

Marchese Manfredo IV had one illegitimate daughter by an unknown mistress:

8. ELINDA (-after 8 Jan 1332). The testament of "Dominus Manfredus Marchio Salutiarum", dated 8 Jan 1332, bequeathes property to "Manfredo filio suo…Teodorum et Bonifatium filios suos et fratres dicti Manfredi…Elindæ filiæ suæ naturali…Dominæ Leonoræ nurui suæ et uxor dicti Manfredi"[660].

FEDERIGO di Saluzzo, son of MANFREDO IV Marchese di Saluzzo & his first wife Beatrice of Sicily [Hohenstaufen] ([1287]-29 Jun 1336, bur Saluzzo Dominican Church). The early 14th century Chronica Jacobi de Aquis names "Rege Manfredo…aliam [filiam] Beatricem" and "Manfredo primogenito Thomæ marchionis Salutarium" as parents of "unicus filius Fredericus"[661]. His parentage is confirmed by his marriage contract dated 3 Sep 1303 which names "Mainfredum IV marchionem Salutiarum…Fredericum primogenitum"[662]. "Mainfredus IV Marchio Salutiarum" appointed "Mainfredum filium suum et suæ uxoris Isabellæ de Auria" as his heir in "marchionatu Salutiarum" and disinherited "filium suum primogenitum Fredericum", by charter dated 1323[663]. A charter dated 22 May 1329 records an arbitration by "DD. Joannes et Georgius de Salutiis" of a dispute between "Domino Manfredo Marchione Salutiarum et Manfredo eius filio…ac nomine Teodori et Bonifacii filiorum dicti domini Marchionis" and "Domino Federico de Salutiis…et Thomæ eius filii"[664]. A charter dated 4 Jun 1330 records an arbitration by "Dominus Philippus de Sabaudia Princeps Achajæ" of the dispute between "DD. Manfredum Marchionem Salutiarum, Manfredum, Teodorum et Bonifacium eius filios" and "Dominum Federicum primogenitum ipsius Domini Marchionis ac…Thomam ipsius Domini Federici filium"[665]. The testament of "Dominus Manfredus Marchio Salutiarum", dated 8 Jan 1332 in the presence of "Domino Bonifacio Marchione de Carretto…", provides conditional inheritance for "Federico eius filio…Thomam ipsius Friderici filium nepotem ipsius Domini Marchionis"[666]. Under a charter dated 29 Dec 1334 "Manfredus Marchio Salutiarum" records the allegiance of "carissimum filium nostrum Federicum"[667]. He succeeded in 1334 as FEDERIGO I Marchese di Saluzzo. His place of burial is confirmed by the testament of his grandson Federigo II Marchese di Saluzzo (see below).

m firstly (contract 3 Sep 1303) MARGUERITE de la Tour du Pin, daughter of HUMBERT I Dauphin de Viennois & his wife Anne de Bourgogne [Capet]. A continuation of the Chronica Jacobi de Aquis records that "Federico primo" married "Margarita figlola di Ulberto Dalfino"[668]. "Humbertus Dalphinus Viennensis et Albonis comes dominusque de Turre et Anna dalphina eius consors" appointed a proxy for the negotiation of the marriage of "unam ex filiabus nostris" and "filium marchionis Saluciarum" by charter dated 14 Aug 1302[669]. The marriage contract between "Humbertum Dalphinum Viennensem…Margaritam filiam" and "Mainfredum IV marchionem Salutiarum…Fredericum primogenitum" is dated 3 Sep 1303[670]. The Aymari Rivalli De Allobrogibus records the marriage of "Delphini filia…Margaretam" and "Federicus Mainfredi marchionis Salutiarum filius"[671]. She is named in a quittance dated 30 Jan 1308 given by "Freilino Saluzzo figlio di Manfredo Marchese di Saluzzo e Margarita sua Consorte" to "Beatrice Dama di Faucigni ed Ugone Delfino" relating to her dowry[672].

m secondly (21 Jun 1333) GIACOMINA di Biandrate, daughter of GUGLIELMO Signore di San Giorgio & his wife ---. A charter dated 21 Jun 1333 refers to the marriage of "Fredericus de Saluciis" and "Guillelmus de Blandrate…Joabine sue filie"[673].

Marchese Federigo I & his first wife had [two] children:

1. TOMMASO ([1304]-Saluzzo 15 Aug 1357, bur Revello Santa Maria). A continuation of the Chronica Jacobi de Aquis names "Thomas" as the son of "Federico primo" and his wife "Margarita figlola di Ulberto Dalfino"[674]. His parentage is confirmed by the quittance dated 5 Oct 1329 given by "Marchese Federico di Saluzzo" for payment of the dowry of "Ricarda figlia del Conte Galeazzo Visconti di Milano Moglie del Marchese Tomaso di Saluzzo figlio detto Marchese Federico"[675]. A charter dated 22 May 1329 records an arbitration by "DD. Joannes et Georgius de Salutiis" of a dispute between "Domino Manfredo Marchione Salutiarum et Manfredo eius filio…ac nomine Teodori et Bonifacii filiorum dicti domini Marchionis" and "Domino Federico de Salutiis…et Thomæ eius filii"[676]. A charter dated 4 Jun 1330 records an arbitration by "Dominus Philippus de Sabaudia Princeps Achajæ" of the dispute between "DD. Manfredum Marchionem Salutiarum, Manfredum, Teodorum et Bonifacium eius filios" and "Dominum Federicum primogenitum ipsius Domini Marchionis ac…Thomam ipsius Domini Federici filium"[677]. He succeeded his father in 1336 as TOMMASO II Marchese di Saluzzo. He was deposed in 1341 by his uncle Manfredo V, but resumed power from 27 Mar 1344 to 13 May 1344 and again in 1346. The testament of "Thomas Marchio Salutiarum…filius…Domini Friderici de Salutiis", dated 5 Aug 1357, chooses burial "apud monasterium S. Mariæ de Revello", bequeathes property to "Galeatium eius filium…Federico…filius Marchionis primogenitus…Azonem eius filium…Eustachium, Constantiium, Luchinum et Jacobum eius filios…Beatrici filiæ suæ uxori Antonii Falletti…Luchinæ filiæ suæ uxori Domini Joannoni de Becharia…Dominæ Riccardæ comitissæ Salutiarum consortis ipsius Domini Marchionis"[678]. m (before 5 Oct 1329) RICCARDA Visconti, daughter of GALEAZZO [I] Visconti Lord of Milan & his wife Beatrice d´Este (-after 2 Aug 1361, bur Revello Santa Maria). The Chronicon of Pietro Azario names "Dominam Rizardam" as the daughter of "Dominus Galeazius Mediolani vicarius imperialis" and his wife, adding that she married "Domino Frailino marchioni Salutiarum"[679]. A continuation of the Chronica Jacobi de Aquis records that "Thomas", son of "Federico primo", married "Richiarda sorella del Signor Galeazzo Maria Visconte Signore di Milano"[680]. "Marchese Federico di Saluzzo" gave a quittance dated 5 Oct 1329 for payment of the dowry of "Ricarda figlia del Conte Galeazzo Visconti di Milano Moglie del Marchese Tomaso di Saluzzo figlio detto Marchese Federico"[681]. The testament of "Thomas Marchio Salutiarum…filius…Domini Friderici de Salutiis", dated 5 Aug 1357, bequeathes property to "…Dominæ Riccardæ comitissæ Salutiarum consortis ipsius Domini Marchionis"[682]. The testament of "Domina Ricciarda de Vicecomitibus Mediolani relicta…Thomæ Marchionis Salutiarum", dated 2 Aug 1361, chooses burial "in monasterio Revelli…in sepulchro præfati Domini Thomæ", and bequeathes property to "Galeatio, Azoni, Eustachio, Constantio, Luchini et fratri Jacobo eius filiis et filiis quondam domini Thomæ Marchionis eius viri…dominum Federicum Marchionem eius filium"[683]. Marchese Tomaso II & his wife had eleven children:

a) BEATRICE ([1329]-). The contract of marriage between "dominam Caterinam de Vienna principissam Achaie et Jacobum filium suum" and "dominum Thomam de Salutiis…Beatrisinam filiam ipsius domini" is dated 5 Mar 1337[684]. "Antonio Faletto fù Simondino d'Asti" granted a proxy to "Antonio Romagnano" for the negotiation of his marriage to "Beatrice figlia del Marchese Tomaso di Saluzzo e di Ricarda figlia di Galeazzo Visconti di Milano" dated 9 May 1343[685]. The testament of "Thomas Marchio Salutiarum…filius…Domini Friderici de Salutiis", dated 5 Aug 1357, bequeathes property to "…Beatrici filiæ suæ uxori Antonii Falletti…Luchinæ filiæ suæ uxori Domini Joannoni de Becharia…Dominæ…"[686]. Betrothed (contract 5 Mar 1337) to JACQUES de Savoie Signore di Piemonte titular Prince of Achaia, son of PHILIPPE de Savoie Prince of Achaia & his second wife Catherine de Viennois ([6/16] Jan 1315-Pinerolo 14 May 1367). m (1342) ANTONIO Falletto Signore di Villafaletto, son of ---.

b) FEDERIGO ([1332]-1396, bur Saluzzo Dominican Church). A continuation of the Chronica Jacobi de Aquis names "Frederico" as the son of "Thomas…Marchese di Salucio" and his wife "Richiarda sorella del Signor Galeazzo Maria Visconte Signore di Milano"[687]. He succeeded his father in 1357 as FEDERIGO II Marchese di Saluzzo.

- see below.

c) GALEAZZO ([1332]-after 2 Aug 1361). The testament of "Dom. Humb. Dalph. Vienn. Sedis Apst. Capitaneus Generalis" is dated 29 Jan 1347 at Rhodos made bequests to "…Galiaco de Salutiis…nepoti meo…nepti meæ filiæ principis Auraicæ moniali de Salectis ordinis Cartusiensis…"[688]. The testament of "Thomas Marchio Salutiarum…filius…Domini Friderici de Salutiis", dated 5 Aug 1357, bequeathes property to "Galeatium eius filium…Federico…filius Marchionis primogenitus…Azonem eius filium…Eustachium, Constantiium, Luchinum et Jacobum eius filios…"[689]. The testament of "Domina Ricciarda de Vicecomitibus Mediolani relicta…Thomæ Marchionis Salutiarum", dated 2 Aug 1361, chooses burial "in monasterio Revelli…in sepulchro præfati Domini Thomæ", and bequeathes property to "Galeatio, Azoni, Eustachio, Constantio, Luchini et fratri Jacobo eius filiis et filiis quondam domini Thomæ Marchionis eius viri…dominum Federicum Marchionem eius filium"[690].

d) AZZO di Paesana (1336-[1426]). The testament of "Thomas Marchio Salutiarum…filius…Domini Friderici de Salutiis", dated 5 Aug 1357, bequeathes property to "Galeatium eius filium…Federico…filius Marchionis primogenitus…Azonem eius filium…Eustachium, Constantiium, Luchinum et Jacobum eius filios…"[691]. The testament of "Domina Ricciarda de Vicecomitibus Mediolani relicta…Thomæ Marchionis Salutiarum", dated 2 Aug 1361, chooses burial "in monasterio Revelli…in sepulchro præfati Domini Thomæ", and bequeathes property to "Galeatio, Azoni, Eustachio, Constantio, Luchini et fratri Jacobo eius filiis et filiis quondam domini Thomæ Marchionis eius viri…dominum Federicum Marchionem eius filium"[692]. Ancestor of the family di PAESANA.

e) EUSTACHIO di Monterosso (-1405). The testament of "Thomas Marchio Salutiarum…filius…Domini Friderici de Salutiis", dated 5 Aug 1357, bequeathes property to "Galeatium eius filium…Federico…filius Marchionis primogenitus…Azonem eius filium…Eustachium, Constantiium, Luchinum et Jacobum eius filios…"[693]. The testament of "Domina Ricciarda de Vicecomitibus Mediolani relicta…Thomæ Marchionis Salutiarum", dated 2 Aug 1361, chooses burial "in monasterio Revelli…in sepulchro præfati Domini Thomæ", and bequeathes property to "Galeatio, Azoni, Eustachio, Constantio, Luchini et fratri Jacobo eius filiis et filiis quondam domini Thomæ Marchionis eius viri…dominum Federicum Marchionem eius filium"[694]. Conte di Cervinasco e Monesiglio, Signore di San Pietro Monterosso, Montemale e Prasleves. He was ancestor of the Marchesi di Monterosso, Valgrana e Montemale, and Saluzzo di Monesiglio families, extinct 20th century.

f) CONSTANZO (-after 2 Aug 1361). The testament of "Thomas Marchio Salutiarum…filius…Domini Friderici de Salutiis", dated 5 Aug 1357, bequeathes property to "Galeatium eius filium…Federico…filius Marchionis primogenitus…Azonem eius filium…Eustachium, Constantiium, Luchinum et Jacobum eius filios…"[695]. The testament of "Domina Ricciarda de Vicecomitibus Mediolani relicta…Thomæ Marchionis Salutiarum", dated 2 Aug 1361, chooses burial "in monasterio Revelli…in sepulchro præfati Domini Thomæ", and bequeathes property to "Galeatio, Azoni, Eustachio, Constantio, Luchini et fratri Jacobo eius filiis et filiis quondam domini Thomæ Marchionis eius viri…dominum Federicum Marchionem eius filium"[696].

g) LUCCHINO (-after 2 Aug 1361). The testament of "Thomas Marchio Salutiarum…filius…Domini Friderici de Salutiis", dated 5 Aug 1357, bequeathes property to "Galeatium eius filium…Federico…filius Marchionis primogenitus…Azonem eius filium…Eustachium, Constantiium, Luchinum et Jacobum eius filios…"[697]. The testament of "Domina Ricciarda de Vicecomitibus Mediolani relicta…Thomæ Marchionis Salutiarum", dated 2 Aug 1361, chooses burial "in monasterio Revelli…in sepulchro præfati Domini Thomæ", and bequeathes property to "Galeatio, Azoni, Eustachio, Constantio, Luchini et fratri Jacobo eius filiis et filiis quondam domini Thomæ Marchionis eius viri…dominum Federicum Marchionem eius filium"[698]. Scudiero del Conte di Savoia.

h) GIACOMO (-after 2 Aug 1361). The testament of "Thomas Marchio Salutiarum…filius…Domini Friderici de Salutiis", dated 5 Aug 1357, bequeathes property to "Galeatium eius filium…Federico…filius Marchionis primogenitus…Azonem eius filium…Eustachium, Constantiium, Luchinum et Jacobum eius filios…"[699]. The testament of "Domina Ricciarda de Vicecomitibus Mediolani relicta…Thomæ Marchionis Salutiarum", dated 2 Aug 1361, chooses burial "in monasterio Revelli…in sepulchro præfati Domini Thomæ", and bequeathes property to "Galeatio, Azoni, Eustachio, Constantio, Luchini et fratri Jacobo eius filiis et filiis quondam domini Thomæ Marchionis eius viri…dominum Federicum Marchionem eius filium"[700].

i) LUCCHINA (-after 5 Aug 1357). The testament of "Thomas Marchio Salutiarum…filius…Domini Friderici de Salutiis", dated 5 Aug 1357, bequeathes property to "…Beatrici filiæ suæ uxori Antonii Falletti…Luchinæ filiæ suæ uxori Domini Joannoni de Becharia…Dominæ…"[701]. m (before 5 Aug 1357) GIOVANNI Beccaria, son of ---.

j) PANTISALEA (-[after 29 Aug 1387]). Neither Pantisalea nor Anna are named in their father´s 1357 testament, which suggests either that they may not have been his legitimate daughters, or that they were twins born posthumously (although this latter possibility seems unlikely given the birth dates estimated for their oldest sister and brother). "Enrico Signore di Quart" gave a quittance dated 23 Mar 1363 to "Marchese Federico di Saluzzo" for payment of the dowry of "Pantisalea sua sorella, futtura Sposa di detto Signor di Quart"[702]. "Pantasilea, vedova di Enrico signore di Quart (Valle d´Aosta)" sold her husband´s property to Amedée VI Comte de Savoie, and the latter approved the agreement by charter dated 15 Sep 1378[703]. Pope Clement VII approved the testament of "Enrico Signore di Quart", by which he bequeathed all his property to "Pentasilea di Saluzzo sua moglie", by bull dated 29 Aug 1387[704]. m (after 23 Mar 1363) to ENRICO Signore di Quart, son of --- (-before 15 Sep 1378).

k) ANNA . The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified. Neither Pantisalea nor Anna are named in their father´s 1357 testament, which suggests either that they may not have been his legitimate daughters, or that they were twins born posthumously (although this latter possibility seems unlikely given the birth dates estimated for their oldest sister and brother). Nun at Revello.

2. [daughter . Her parentage and marriage are shown by Guichenon[705]. The primary source on which this information is based has not been identified. m PIETRO Cambiano Signore di Ruffia, son of ---.]

Marchese Federigo I had one illegitimate child by an unknown mistress:

3. GIACOMO . Signore di Brondello. m CATERINA Cambiano di Ruffia, daughter of DOMENICO Cambiano di Ruffia & his wife ---.

FEDERIGO di Saluzzo, son of TOMMASO II Marchese di Saluzzo & his wife Riccarda Visconti of Milan ([1332]-1396, bur Saluzzo Dominican Church). A continuation of the Chronica Jacobi de Aquis names "Frederico" as the son of "Thomas…Marchese di Salucio" and his wife "Richiarda sorella del Signor Galeazzo Maria Visconte Signore di Milano"[706]. The testament of "Thomas Marchio Salutiarum…filius…Domini Friderici de Salutiis", dated 5 Aug 1357, bequeathes property to "Galeatium eius filium…Federico…filius Marchionis primogenitus…Azonem eius filium…Eustachium, Constantiium, Luchinum et Jacobum eius filios…"[707]. He succeeded his father in 1357 as FEDERIGO II Marchese di Saluzzo. The testament of "Domina Ricciarda de Vicecomitibus Mediolani relicta…Thomæ Marchionis Salutiarum", dated 2 Aug 1361, chooses burial "in monasterio Revelli…in sepulchro præfati Domini Thomæ", and bequeathes property to "Galeatio, Azoni, Eustachio, Constantio, Luchini et fratri Jacobo eius filiis et filiis quondam domini Thomæ Marchionis eius viri…dominum Federicum Marchionem eius filium"[708]. The testament of "Fridericus Marchio Salutiarum filius quondam…domini Thomæ Marchionis Salutiarum", dated 27 May 1381, chooses burial "in ecclesia B. Dominici Ordinis fratrum Prædicatorum Salutiarum in sepulcro in quo jacet Dominus Fredericus avus noster", and bequeathes property to "filius noster Ugo…Roberto filio nostro minori…Thomam primogenitum nostrum"[709]. A register dated 1370 records an agreement between “defunctum Aymonem de Gebenna militem dominum de Authone dum vivebat” and “Ioannem de Cabilone comitem Autissiodorensem et Tornodorensem” recording “Ferdelecius comes seu marquisius de Saluceiis ac Beatrix de Gebenna eius uxor” as heirs of “dicti defuncti Aymonis ad causam dictæ Beatricis ipsius defuncti sororis”[710].

m ([1360]) BEATRIX de Genève, daughter of HUGUES de Genève Seigneur d'Anthon & his first wife Isabelle Dame d'Anthon (-after 1405). A continuation of the Chronica Jacobi de Aquis records that "Frederico", son of "Thomas…Marchese di Salucio", married "Beatrix figlola di Ugo Conte di Geneva"[711]. A register dated 1370 records an agreement between “defunctum Aymonem de Gebenna militem dominum de Authone dum vivebat” and “Ioannem de Cabilone comitem Autissiodorensem et Tornodorensem” recording “Ferdelecius comes seu marquisius de Saluceiis ac Beatrix de Gebenna eius uxor” as heirs of “dicti defuncti Aymonis ad causam dictæ Beatricis ipsius defuncti sororis”[712].

Marchese Federigo II & his wife had nine children:

1. TOMMASO (-after 5 Oct 1416, bur Saluzzo Santo Domingo). A continuation of the Chronica Jacobi de Aquis names "Thomas" as oldest son and successor of "Frederico…Marchese di Salucio" and his wife "Beatrix figlola di Ugo Conte di Geneva"[713]. He succeeded his father in 1396 as TOMMASO III Marchese di Saluzzo.

- see below.

2. AMEDEO (-1419). Seigneur d'Anthon et de Varey 1396. Archdeacon at Saint-Jean de Lyon. Bishop of Valence.

3. PIETRO (-1412). Canon at Lyon and Le Puy. Bishop of Mende.

4. UGO (-[24 May 1406/4 Aug 1409]). The testament of "Fridericus Marchio Salutiarum filius quondam…domini Thomæ Marchionis Salutiarum", dated 27 May 1381, bequeathes property to "filius noster Ugo…Roberto filio nostro minori…Thomam primogenitum nostrum"[714]. Signor di Sanfronte, Morny, Monreale e Bastide. Seigneur de Montjay. Seigneur de Suze: “Raymond de Baux d’Orange seigneur de Suze” gave “ce château et toute sa baronnie” to “Hugues de Saluces”, in exchange for “[le] château de Montréal”, promising that “Cécile de Mévouillon sa femme” would ratify the exchange, by charter dated 6 Mar 1392[715]. “Le chevalier Hugues de Saluces seigneur de Suze-la-Rousse et sa femme Marguerite de Baux” acknowledged receipt of money from “Hugues d’Aubépin gouverneur de la principauté d’Orange” by charter dated 7 Mar 1401[716]. “Hugues de Saluces seigneur de Suze et de Saint-Front et sa femme Marguerite de Baux baronne de Vézenobres au diocèse d’Uzès” acknowledged receipt of payment from “Jean de Chalons et de Marie de Baux princes d’Orange” by charter dated 24 May 1406[717]. He is named as deceased in the 4 Aug 1409 charter of his wife. m (contract 1 Feb 1390) as her second husband, MARGUERITE de Baux, widow of GUILLAUME de Véga d’Uzès, daughter of BERTRAND de Baux d’Orange Seigneur de Gigondas et de Suze & his wife Blonde de Grignan (-after 8 Jan 1421). The marriage contract of “Hugues de Saluces seigneur de Montjay” and “Marguerite de Baux fille de feu Bertrand de Baux frère de Raymond de Baux V prince d’Orange”, after Papal dispensation of 4^o consangunity, the dowry including money bequeathed by “feu Guillaume de Véga d’Uzès son premier mari”, is dated 1 Feb 1390[718]. Gioffredo’s Cronaca di Saluzzo records that “Ugo secundo figliolo dy Federicho...” married “Margarita de Baucio...circa el 1390”[719]. “Hugues de Saluces seigneur de Suze et de Saint-Front et sa femme Marguerite de Baux baronne de Vézenobres au diocèse d’Uzès” acknowledged receipt of payment from “Jean de Chalons et de Marie de Baux princes d’Orange” by a charter dated 24 May 1406[720]. “Amédée de Baux fils de Raymond de Baux seigneur de Suze et de Cécile de Mévouillon” acknowledged receiving payments from “Marguerite de Baux veuve d’Hugues de Saluces seigneur de Suze” by charter dated 4 Aug 1409[721]. “Marguerite de Baux veuve d’Hugues de Saluces, tutrice de ses enfants Bertrand, François et Jean de Saluces, héritiers de leur père par testament du 24 Jan 1400” named proxies to swear homage to the Dauphin by charter dated 1 Mar 1413[722]. “Marguerite de Baux dame de Suze-la-Rousse” sold property “dans le lieu de Saint-Donat...[qui] avaient appartenu à Béatrix de Genève” by charter dated 8 Jan 1421[723]. Ugo & his wife had six children:

a) BERTRANDO di Saluzzo (-1434). “Marguerite de Baux veuve d’Hugues de Saluces, tutrice de ses enfants Bertrand, François et Jean de Saluces, héritiers de leur père par testament du 24 Jan 1400” named proxies to swear homage to the Dauphin by charter dated 1 Mar 1413[724]. Seigneur d'Anthon et de Varey. m as her first husband, ANNE de la Chambre, daughter of URBAIN Seigneur de la Chambre, Vicomte de Maurienne & his second wife Aimée de Corgenon Dame de Meillonnas en Bresse. She married secondly Guillaume de Luyrieux Seigneur de la Cueille. Foras records her parentage, her first marriage (citing a charter dated 9 Feb 1422 confirming payment of her dowry), and her second marriage (citing charters dated 1458, 1458, 1462 and 1467 confirming payment of her dowry)[725].

b) FRANCESCO di Saluzzo (-after 1 Mar 1413). “Marguerite de Baux veuve d’Hugues de Saluces, tutrice de ses enfants Bertrand, François et Jean de Saluces, héritiers de leur père par testament du 24 Jan 1400” named proxies to swear homage to the Dauphin by charter dated 1 Mar 1413[726].

c) GIOVANNI di Saluzzo (-after 1 Mar 1413). “Marguerite de Baux veuve d’Hugues de Saluces, tutrice de ses enfants Bertrand, François et Jean de Saluces, héritiers de leur père par testament du 24 Jan 1400” named proxies to swear homage to the Dauphin by charter dated 1 Mar 1413[727].

d) BLONDA di Saluzzo . Gioffredo’s Cronaca di Saluzzo records that Ugo had “trey figliole Blonda, Anthonia e Theodora”, of whom “Blonda” he knew no definite information “monsieur de Sansonage dil Dalphinato”[728].

e) ANTONIA di Saluzzo (-before 17 Jun 1467). Gioffredo’s Cronaca di Saluzzo records that Ugo had “trey figliole Blonda, Anthonia e Theodora”, of whom “Antonia” married “monsieur de Sansonage dil Dalphinato”[729]. Her first marriage contract is dated 10 Aug 1411[730]. A charter dated 17 Jun 1467 records a settlement concerning “la succession d’Antoinette de Saluces” between “ses enfants Sassenage, Jacques sgr de Veurey, Marguerite et Jeanne” and “son fils du second lit Bertrand de la Baume”[731]. m firstly (contract 10 Aug 1411) HENRI [III] Bérenger de Sassenage Baron de Sassenage, son of AYMAR Bérenger de Sassenage & his wife Humilie Aynard (-killed in battle Verneuil 6 Aug 1424). m secondly (1426) LOUIS de la Baume Suze, son of ---.

f) TEODORA di Saluzzo . Gioffredo’s Cronaca di Saluzzo records that Ugo had “trey figliole Blonda, Anthonia e Theodora”, of whom “Theodora” was “monacha nel monasterio novo dy Revello”[732].

5. ROBERTO (-after 27 May 1381). The testament of "Fridericus Marchio Salutiarum filius quondam…domini Thomæ Marchionis Salutiarum", dated 27 May 1381, bequeathes property to "filius noster Ugo…Roberto filio nostro minori…Thomam primogenitum nostrum"[733]. Dominican monk.

6. GIACOMO . Dominican monk.

7. POLIA . "Franceschino fù Manfredo di Caretto" gave a quittance dated 29 Oct 1388 to "Marchese Federico di Saluzzo" for payment of the dowry of "Pollia figlia di detto Marchese e Moglie di detto Franceschino"[734]. m firstly FRANCESCO [II] del Carretto Signor di Millesimo, son of --- (-[1385/86]). m secondly (1388) FRAMONTE de Cars, son of ---.

8. VIOLANTE . m (1389) ANTONIO de Porri Conte di Pollenzo, Pocapaglia, San Vittore e Braida, son of ---. Marchese di Val Brebbia.

9. CONSTANZA . A charter dated 20 May 1424 records a claim by “Gaufrido le Mengre dicto Boucicaut milite” against "consanguineo nostro Beraldo comite Dalphino Alverniæ", recording that “Constancia de Saluciis defuncto avo materno dicti Beraldi” married firstly “Sacrocæsare comiti” and secondly “præfato Gaufrido”[735]. m firstly as his second wife, JEAN [III] Comte de Sancerre, son of LOUIS [II] Comte de Sancerre & his wife Beatrix de Roucy (1334-[Feb 1402/1403]). m secondly GEOFFROY le Meingre dit Boucicaut, son of ---.

Marchese Federigo II had three illegitimate children by an unknown mistress or mistresses:

10. GIOVANNA . Legitimated. A nun at Revello.

11. FRANCESCHINA . Legitimated.

12. MARGHERITA . Legitimated.

TOMMASO di Saluzzo, son of FEDERIGO II Marchese di Saluzzo & his wife Beatrix de Genève (-after 5 Oct 1416, bur Saluzzo Santo Domingo). A continuation of the Chronica Jacobi de Aquis names "Thomas" as oldest son and successor of "Frederico…Marchese di Salucio" and his wife "Beatrix figlola di Ugo Conte di Geneva"[736]. The testament of "Fridericus Marchio Salutiarum filius quondam…domini Thomæ Marchionis Salutiarum", dated 27 May 1381, bequeathes property to "filius noster Ugo…Roberto filio nostro minori…Thomam primogenitum nostrum"[737]. He succeeded his father in 1396 as TOMMASO III Marchese di Saluzzo. The testament of "Thomas Marchio Salutiarum", dated 5 Oct 1416, chooses burial "in cemeterio Sancti Dominici de Salutiis", bequeathes property to "Valerano filio suo naturali…Ludovicum suum filium legitimum…Bertramum de Salutiis eius nepotem…Joannem de Salutiis fratrem dicti Bertrami…Dominam Comitissam"[738].

m (contract 17 Jul 1403) MARGUERITE de Roucy, daughter of HUGUES Comte de Braine et de Roucy & his wife Blanche de Coucy Dame de Montmirail (-after 14 Apr 1419). A continuation of the Chronica Jacobi de Aquis records that "Thomas", son of "Frederico…Marchese di Salucio", married "Margarita figlia del Conte Derosi"[739]. The contract of marriage between "Marchese Tomaso di Saluzzo" and "la damigella Margarita de Roucij" naming "il Vescovo di Laon ed il Conte di Braime Zio e fratello rispettivamente della detta Margarita" is dated 17 Jul 1403[740]. Her parentage is confirmed in the epitaph of her son Carlo cited below.

Marchese Tomaso III & his wife had four children:

1. CARLO (-8 Sep 1406, bur Braine Saint-Yved). An epitaph at Braine Saint-Yved records the burial of “Charles de Sallusses ainsné fils de...Thomas marquis de Sallusses et de Madame Marguerite de Roucy fille de...conte Hue et de Madame Blanche de Coucy” who died 8 Sep 1406[741].

2. LODOVICO (-1475). A continuation of the Chronica Jacobi de Aquis names "Ludovico" as son of "Thomas…Marchese di Salucio" and his wife "Margarita figlia del Conte Derosi"[742]. The testament of "Thomas Marchio Salutiarum", dated 5 Oct 1416, bequeathes property to "Valerano filio suo naturali…Ludovicum suum filium legitimum…Bertramum de Salutiis eius nepotem…Joannem de Salutiis fratrem dicti Bertrami…Dominam Comitissam"[743]. He succeeded his father in 1416 as LODOVICO I Marchese di Saluzzo. m (1436) ISABELLA di Monferrato, daughter of GIANGIACOPO Marchese di Monferrato & his wife Jeanne de Savoie. A continuation of the Chronica Jacobi de Aquis names "Isabella & Amadea" as the two daughters of "Zoanne Jacobo figlolo di Teodoro", adding in a later passage that "Ludovico", son of "Thomas…Marchese di Salucio", married "Isabella figlola dil Marchese Zan Jacobo di Monferrato"[744]. The contract of marriage between "Marchese Luiggi di Saluzzo" and "Isabella di Monferrato sorella del Marchese Gio" is dated 7 Aug 1435[745]. Marchese Lodovico I & his wife had six children:

a) LODOVICO (-Genoa 1504, bur Saluzzo Santo Giovanni). A continuation of the Chronica Jacobi de Aquis names "Ludovico" as the son of "Ludovico…Marchese di Salucio" and his wife "Isabella figlola dil Marchese Zan Jacobo di Monferrato"[746]. He succeeded his father in 1475 as LODOVICO II Marchese di Saluzzo.

- see below.

b) TOMASO .

c) FEDERIGO . Bishop of Carpentras.

d) CARLO DOMINICO .

e) MARGHERITA . The contract of marriage between "Gio d'Armagnac Conte di Cumenes" and "la Principessa Margarita figlia del Marchese Ludovico di Saluzzo" is dated 20 Jul 1469[747]. m (contract 20 Jul 1469) JEAN de Lescun “le bâtard d'Armagnac“ Comte de Comminges, illegitimate son of ARNAUD-GUILHEM de Lescun Bishop of Aire-sur-l’Adour & his mistress Annette d’Armagnac de Termes (-9 Jun 1473).

f) BIANCA . m VITALLIANO Conte Borromeo Signore di Atona, son of ---.

3. RICCIARDA (-Ferrara 16 Aug 1474, bur Ferrara Santa Maria degli Angeli). "Marchese Nicolao d'Este fù Alberto" issued a proxy dated 2 Dec 1430 for the negotiation of his marriage to "Rizarda figlia del fù Marchese di Saluzzo"[748]. m ([1429/31]) as his third wife, NICCOLÒ [III] d'Este Signor di Ferrara e Modena, illegitimate son of ALBERTO d'Este Signor di Ferrara & his mistress Isotta Albaresani (Ferrara 9 Nov 1383-poisoned Milan 26 Dec 1441, bur Ferrara Santa Maria degli Angeli).

4. GIOVANNA . The contract of marriage between "Guido de Neelle Signore di Offment" and "la Principessa Gioanna di Saluzzo, sorella del Marchese Ludovico di Saluzzo" is dated 1429[749]. m (contract 1429) GUY de Nesle Seigneur d'Offement et de Mello, son of GUY de Nesle Seigneur d’Offemont et de Nesle & his wife Marguerite de Coucy (-1473).

Tommaso had one illegitimate child by an unknown mistress:

5. VALERIANO (-1443). The testament of "Thomas Marchio Salutiarum", dated 5 Oct 1416, bequeathes property to "Valerano filio suo naturali…Ludovicum suum filium legitimum…Bertramum de Salutiis eius nepotem…Joannem de Salutiis fratrem dicti Bertrami…Dominam Comitissam"[750]. His descendants in the male line became extinct in 1849.

LODOVICO di Saluzzo, son of LODOVICO I Marchese di Saluzzo & his wife Isabella di Monferrato (-Genoa 1504, bur Saluzzo Santo Giovanni). A continuation of the Chronica Jacobi de Aquis names "Ludovico" as the son of "Ludovico…Marchese di Salucio" and his wife "Isabella figlola dil Marchese Zan Jacobo di Monferrato"[751]. He succeeded his father in 1475 as LODOVICO II Marchese di Saluzzo. The testament of "Dominus Ludovicus Marchio Salutiarum", dated 6 Feb 1498, chooses burial "in capella nova ecclesiæ S. Joannis Salutiarum", bequeathes property to "dominæ Margaritæ de Fuxo eius consorti…Margaritæ comitissæ Montis majoris eius filiæ ex quondam…domina Joanna de Monteferrato…Ioanni Ludovico eius secundogenito…Michaelem Antonium eius filium primogenitum…dominam Margaritam eorum matrem"[752].

m firstly (1481) his first cousin, GIOVANNA di Monferrato, daughter of GUGLIELMO X Marchese di Monferrato & his first wife Marie de Foix ([late 1467/early 1468?]-end 1490). Litta records that Giovanna was born from her father’s first marriage (no source cited)[753]. Leseur’s chronicle records that Guglielmo’s first wife died after giving birth “du II^e enfant…une très belle fille”, her husband taking comfort “en voyant…sa belle enfante sa fille, que ladite dame marquise laissa plaine de saine vie”[754]. Her marriage is confirmed by the testament of her husband "Dominus Ludovicus Marchio Salutiarum", dated 6 Feb 1498, which bequeathes property to "…Margaritæ comitissæ Montis majoris eius filiæ ex quondam…domina Joanna de Monteferrato…"[755]. The reversion of Monferrato to the Saluzzo family, in case of extinction of the former in the male line, was a condition of this marriage contract[756].

m secondly (1492) MARGUERITE de Foix, daughter of JEAN de Foix Comte de Candale & his wife Margaret Kerdeston (-after 7 Jan 1533). Père Anselme records her parentage and marriage, noting that she gave proxy to her brother Gaston to receive sums outstanding from her dowry by charter dated 1493 and signed her testament 7 Jan 1533[757]. A continuation of the Chronica Jacobi de Aquis records that "Ludovico", son of "Ludovico…Marchese di Salucio", married "Margarita" but does not give her parentage[758]. The testament of "Dominus Ludovicus Marchio Salutiarum", dated 6 Feb 1498, bequeathes property to "dominæ Margaritæ de Fuxo eius consorti…"[759].

Marchese Lodovico II & his first wife had one child:

1. MARGHERITA ([1490]-). The testament of "Dominus Ludovicus Marchio Salutiarum", dated 6 Feb 1498, bequeathes property to "…Margaritæ comitissæ Montis majoris eius filiæ ex quondam…domina Joanna de Monteferrato…"[760]. m firstly CLAUDE di Miolans Comte de Montmayeur, son of --- (-1497). No children. m secondly as his first wife, PEDRO López de Ayala 1st Conde de Salvatierra de Alava, son of ---.

Marchese Lodovico II & his second wife had four children:

2. MICHELANTONIO (-1528). A continuation of the Chronica Jacobi de Aquis names "Michele primo…e…Marchese e moderno" as the son of "Ludovico" and his wife "Margarita"[761]. The testament of "Dominus Ludovicus Marchio Salutiarum", dated 6 Feb 1498, bequeathes property to "…Ioanni Ludovico eius secundogenito…Michaelem Antonium eius filium primogenitum…dominam Margaritam eorum matrem"[762]. He succeeded his father in 1504 as MICHELANTONIO Marchese di Saluzzo.

3. GIAN LODOVICO (-1563). The testament of "Dominus Ludovicus Marchio Salutiarum", dated 6 Feb 1498, bequeathes property to "…Ioanni Ludovico eius secundogenito…Michaelem Antonium eius filium primogenitum…dominam Margaritam eorum matrem"[763]. He succeeded his brother in 1528 as GIAN LODOVICO Marchese di Saluzzo. Deposed 1529. Marchese Gian Lodovico had two illegitimate children by an unknown mistress or mistresses:

a) MICHELANTONIO . Maybe ancestors of the Seigneurs de Châteaufont et Barons de Verrières, extinct 1669.

b) AGUSTO CESARE (-1586). dit le Marquis de Salucces. Legitimated 1566. m (1567) MARIE BOUETTE de Blemur, daughter of ---. Agusto Cesare & his wife had two children:

i) children (-young).

ii) CATHERINE CHARLOTTE . m (1587) JEAN [II] Comte de Lur Vicomte d'Uza. This couple were the ancestors of the Comtes de Lur-Saluzzo.

Agusto Cesare had two illegitimate children by an unknown mistress or mistresses:

iii) JEAN LOUIS . He was ancestor of the Saluces family in Champagne.

iv) GABRIELE .

4. FRANCESCO (-1537). He succeeded his brother in 1528 as FRANCESCO Marchese di Saluzzo.

5. GABRIELE (-in prison 1548). He succeeded his brother in 1537 as GABRIELE Marchese di Saluzzo. Deposed 1543. m as her first husband, MADELEINE d'Annebaut, daughter of CLAUDE d'Annebaut & his wife ---. Marchese Gabriele had one illegitimate child by an unknown mistress:

a) ETTORE .

D. MARCHESI di BUSCA

GUGLIELMO, son of BONIFAZIO Marchese del Vasto & his [first wife Alix de Savoie] (-before 1160). "Bonifacius marchio filius Teutonis…marchio…cum Alice cometissa filia qd. d. Petri marchio atque Theotone, Petro, Magnifredo, Hugone et Willielmo filiis eorum" donated property to "monasterio sancti Petri…in…villa Saviliani" by charter dated 21 Dec 1099[764]. "Bonifacius marchio" appointed "filiis suos Maginfredum et Wilielmum adque Ugonem necnon Anselmum…et Anricum et Bonefacium minorem atque Odonem" as his heirs but disinherited "Bonifacium…incixie nominatum" by charter dated 1125[765]. Documents pertaining to the divorce of Pedro II King of Aragon and Marie de Montpellier include testimony on their consanguinity, in particular "dominam Clemenciam amitam regine" (Clémence de Montpellier, sister of Guillaume [VIII]) declared that "Bonifatius marchio habuit tres infantes…Bonefacium et Guillelmum marchionem et Sibiliam. De…Guillelmo marchione exivit comitissa de Bigorra, et de comitissa de Bigorra exivit uxor Bernardoni comitis Convenarum…"[766], although this last descent has not been traced. "Marchiones Wiliemus et Manfredus filii marchionis Bonifacii" promised not to construct castles in a certain location by charter dated 1135[767]. "Marchiones filii domni Bonefatii…Manfredus, Wilielmus, Ugo, Anselmus, Enricus, Oddo Bouarius" donated property to the monastery of Staffarda by charter dated 9 Dec 1138[768]. Marchese di Busca: a charter dated 22 Dec 1142 records the division of territories agreed between "Marchiones de Vasto…Mainfredum, Willielmum, Hugonem, Anselmum, Heinricum, Bonifacium et Oddonem filios quondam Bonifacii marchionis", under which Guglielmo took "marchionatus de Busca"[769]. Signor di Rossano 1155: the bishop of Torino granted "castro Rosiane" to "dominum Guillelmum marchionem filium Bonifacii quondam" by charter dated 1155[770]. "Willelmus marchio filius Bonefacii marchionis quondam bone memorie" donated property at Scarnafigi to the monastery of Staffarda by charter dated to before 1156, witnessed by "Mainfredus marchio, Oto Bouerius marchio…"[771].

m ---. The name of Guglielmo's wife is not known.

Guglielmo & his wife had two children:

1. MANFREDO [I] "Lancia" (-after 30 Aug 1187). A charter dated 1183 records that "Marchese [Manfredo II di Saluzzo]" sold "la villa e castello di Dogliani" to "Manfredo Marchese di Busca, figliuolo d´un Guglielmo quondam Marchese…e Berengario suo fratello"[772]. Marchese di Busca.

- see below.

2. BERENGARIO (-[20 Feb 1211/13 Apr 1214]). "Mainfredus filius quondam Mainfredi et Balengerius filius quondam Wilielmi" donated property "in territorio de Bordello" to Staffarda by charter dated Mar 1176[773]. A charter dated 1183 records that "Marchese [Manfredo II di Saluzzo]" sold "la villa e castello di Dogliani" to "Manfredo Marchese di Busca, figliuolo d´un Guglielmo quondam Marchese…e Berengario suo fratello"[774]. "Dompnus Manfredus marchio de Busca, quondam Willelmi marchionis…et Bellingerii fratris sui" sold Dogliani to Manfredo II Marchese di Saluzzo by charter dated 30 Aug 1187[775]. Signor di Cossano 1188, Sold Moretta In 1160. A charter dated 1192 records an agreement between "Bonifacio marchioni Montisferrati" and "Berengarium marchionem de Busca" relating to "villa cum burgo…Cossanum" and revenue in "tocius comitatus Loreti"[776]. An agreement between "Mainfredus marchio Saluciarum" and "Belengerius marchio de Busca et filii eius Villelmus et Odo et Raimundus" is dated 20 Feb 1211[777]. m IMILIA, daughter of --- (-after 1214). "Domina Imilia comitissa quondam uxor domini Belengarii marchionis de Bussca et filii eiusdem…dominus Uillelmus et dominus Oto et dominus Ramundus" donated property "in grangia…Murra" to Staffarda by charter dated 13 Apr 1214[778]. "Imilia uxore quondam Berengarii marchionis de Busca et eorum filiis Guillelmo, Oddone Boverio, Raymundo" sold certain property to Manfredo II Marchese di Saluzzo by charter dated 1214[779]. They were ancestors of the BUSCA family, Signori (later Marchesi) di Cossano, Marchesi di Busca, Signori di Rossana, Signori (later Marchesi) della Rocchetta. Berengario & his wife had four children:

a) GUGLIELMO (-[15 Aug 1230/5 Apr 1233]). An agreement between "Mainfredus marchio Saluciarum" and "Belengerius marchio de Busca et filii eius Villelmus et Odo et Raimundus" is dated 20 Feb 1211[780]. "Domina Imilia comitissa quondam uxor domini Belengarii marchionis de Bussca et filii eiusdem…dominus Uillelmus et dominus Oto et dominus Ramundus" donated property "in grangia…Murra" to Staffarda by charter dated 13 Apr 1214[781]. "Imilia uxore quondam Berengarii marchionis de Busca et eorum filiis Guillelmo, Oddone Boverio, Raymundo" sold certain property to Manfredo II Marchese di Saluzzo by charter dated 1214[782]. "Dominus Odo Bouerius filius condam domini Belengerii de Busca marchionis" sold property to "domine Alasie comitisse de Saluciis et Mainfredi nepotis eius" by charter dated 11 Jul 1218, witnessed by "dominus Mainfredus Lancea, dominus Villelmus de Busca…"[783]. Marchese di Busca. "Dominus Villelmus marchio de Busca et dominus Hoto Bouerius ac dominus Raimundus fratres filii quondam domini Belengarii marchionis de Busca" confirmed acquisitions of the abbey of Staffardia in Saluzzo, Pagno and Cervignasco by charter dated 17 Feb 1220[784]. Manfredo III Marchese di Saluzzo invested "dominum Guillelmum marchionem de Busca" with his fee in return for allegiance by charter dated 27 Sep 1223, witnessed by "Dominus Bonifacius marchio de Ceva, Gratapalea, Guillelmus de Verçolio…"[785]. "Dominus Uillelmus de Busca marchio et eius filius Henricus" confirmed the sale of property "in territorio Luagnaschi" [Lagnasco] to Staffarda by charter dated 28 Jan 1230[786]. "Dominus Uillelmus de Buscha marchio et Henricus eius filius" enfeoffed "Bergonium de Diano" with property by charter dated 15 Aug 1230[787]. m AUDISIA, daughter of --- (-after 20 Jul 1237). "Domina Audisia comitissa uxor domini Guilielmi marchionis de Busca quondam" confirmed the sale of property to Staffarda by "dominum Henricum marchionem de Busca et Otonem eius filios", with the consent of "domina Rufina comitissa uxor domini Henrici", by charter dated 20 Jul 1237[788]. Guglielmo & his wife had three children:

i) ENRICO di Busca (-after 21 Jan 1281). "Dominus Uillelmus de Busca marchio et eius filius Henricus" confirmed the sale of property "in territorio Luagnaschi" [Lagnasco] to Staffarda by charter dated 28 Jan 1230[789]. Marchese di Busca.

- see below.

ii) ODDONE (-after 17 Nov 1245). "Dominus Henricus et dominus Otto marchiones de Busca" donated property at Crocinere to Staffarda, and confirmed donations by "pater eorum dominus Villiermus de Busca" for his soul, by charter dated 17 Jun 1230[790]. Marchese di Busca. "Dominus Henrico marchio de Buscha atque dominus Otto eius frater" enfeoffed "Jacobo bastardo" with property by charter dated 5 Apr 1233[791]. "Dominus Henricus et dominus Otto marchiones de Buscha" donated property to Staffarda, for "Regimundo eorum fratre", by charter dated 17 Jun 1235[792]. "Dominus Henricus marchio de Busca et dominus Odo frater eius" donated property at Scarnafigi to Staffarda by charter dated 10 Jul 1237[793]. "Domina Audisia comitissa uxor domini Guilielmi marchionis de Busca quondam" confirmed the sale of property to Staffarda by "dominum Henricum marchionem de Busca et Otonem eius filios", with the consent of "domina Rufina comitissa uxor domini Henrici", by charter dated 20 Jul 1237[794]. "Dominus Henricus et dominus Otto fratres marchiones" confirmed a donation to Staffarda by "Rofinus Porfia et Matelda eius uxor" charter dated 6 Dec 1237[795]. "Dominus Anricus et dominus Odo frater eius marchiones de Busca" sold property at Lagnasco to Staffarda by charter dated 18 Feb 1239[796]. "Dominus Otto marchio de Busca" donated his rights to the wood of Costadonna to Staffarda by charter dated 17 Nov 1245[797].

iii) RAIMONDO (-before 17 Jun 1235). "Dominus Henricus et dominus Otto marchiones de Buscha" donated property to Staffarda, for "Regimundo eorum fratre", by charter dated 17 Jun 1235[798].

b) ODDONE (-after 27 Mar 1247). An agreement between "Mainfredus marchio Saluciarum" and "Belengerius marchio de Busca et filii eius Villelmus et Odo et Raimundus" is dated 20 Feb 1211[799]. "Domina Imilia comitissa quondam uxor domini Belengarii marchionis de Bussca et filii eiusdem…dominus Uillelmus et dominus Oto et dominus Ramundus" donated property "in grangia…Murra" to Staffarda by charter dated 13 Apr 1214[800]. "Imilia uxore quondam Berengarii marchionis de Busca et eorum filiis Guillelmo, Oddone Boverio, Raymundo" sold certain property to Manfredo II Marchese di Saluzzo by charter dated 1214[801]. "Dominus Odo Bouerius filius condam domini Belengerii de Busca marchionis" sold property to "domine Alasie comitisse de Saluciis et Mainfredi nepotis eius" by charter dated 11 Jul 1218, witnessed by "dominus Mainfredus Lancea, dominus Villelmus de Busca…"[802]. "Dominus Villelmus marchio de Busca et dominus Hoto Bouerius ac dominus Raimundus fratres filii quondam domini Belengarii marchionis de Busca" confirmed acquisitions of the abbey of Staffardia in Saluzzo, Pagno and Cervignasco by charter dated 17 Feb 1220[803]. Bonifazio Marchese di Monferrato, as tutor for Tomaso I Marchese di Saluzzo, invested "Odinum de Busca filium…dominum Belingerium de Busca" with the fief which he held from Manfredo III Marchese di Saluzzo by charter dated 27 Mar 1247[804].

c) RAIMONDO (-after 17 Oct 1241). An agreement between "Mainfredus marchio Saluciarum" and "Belengerius marchio de Busca et filii eius Villelmus et Odo et Raimundus" is dated 20 Feb 1211[805]. "Domina Imilia comitissa quondam uxor domini Belengarii marchionis de Bussca et filii eiusdem…dominus Uillelmus et dominus Oto et dominus Ramundus" donated property "in grangia…Murra" to Staffarda by charter dated 13 Apr 1214[806]. "Imilia uxore quondam Berengarii marchionis de Busca et eorum filiis Guillelmo, Oddone Boverio, Raymundo" sold certain property to Manfredo II Marchese di Saluzzo by charter dated 1214[807]. "Dominus Villelmus marchio de Busca et dominus Hoto Bouerius ac dominus Raimundus fratres filii quondam domini Belengarii marchionis de Busca" confirmed acquisitions of the abbey of Staffardia in Saluzzo, Pagno and Cervignasco by charter dated 17 Feb 1220[808]. "Otto marchio de Careto et Oddonus eius nepos marchiones de Vasto et Guielmus marchio de Ceva et Manuellus eius frater suo et fratrum suorum…Raymundus marchio de Busca…et fratrum suorum et Gratapalea…et Henrici di Careto soceri sui…" made an alliance with Asti against Alexandria and Alba by charter dated 25 Nov 1228[809]. "Dominus Raymundus Marchio de Busca filius quondam Domini Belengerii Marchionis de Busca" confirmed donations to "ecclesiæ Ulcensis" made by "D. Willelmo Marchione de Busca fratri dicti Domino Raimundi et Domino Henrico de Busca filio eiusdem Domini Willelmi et Domino Bellegerio filio quondam Domini Ottonis Boverii Marchionis" by charter dated 27 Apr 1231[810]. "Dominus Raymondus de Busca" sold property "in Monesterarolio et Rolfia" to Manfredo III Marchese di Saluzzo by charter dated 17 Oct 1241[811].

d) PAGANO (-after 8 Jan 1253). "Dominus Paonus filius quondam domini Belengerii de Busca marchionis" sold property "in villa et territorio…Rodulfie" [Ruffio] to "domino Bastardino de Munteferrato", in the name of Bonifazio Marchese di Montferrato as tutor for Tomaso Marchese di Saluzzo, by charter dated 8 Jan 1253[812].

ENRICO di Busco, son of GUGLIELMO Marchese di Busca & his wife --- (-after 21 Jan 1281). "Dominus Uillelmus de Busca marchio et eius filius Henricus" confirmed the sale of property "in territorio Luagnaschi" [Lagnasco] to Staffarda by charter dated 28 Jan 1230[813]. Marchese di Busca. "Dominus Raymundus Marchio de Busca filius quondam Domini Belengerii Marchionis de Busca" confirmed donations to "ecclesiæ Ulcensis" made by "D. Willelmo Marchione de Busca fratri dicti Domino Raimundi et Domino Henrico de Busca filio eiusdem Domini Willelmi et Domino Bellegerio filio quondam Domini Ottonis Boverii Marchionis" by charter dated 27 Apr 1231[814]. "Dominus Henricus et dominus Otto marchiones de Busca" donated property at Crocinere to Staffarda, and confirmed donations by "pater eorum dominus Villiermus de Busca" for his soul, by charter dated 17 Jun 1230[815]. "Dominus Uillelmus de Buscha marchio et Henricus eius filius" enfeoffed "Bergonium de Diano" with property by charter dated 15 Aug 1230[816]. "Dominus Henrico marchio de Buscha atque dominus Otto eius frater" enfeoffed "Jacobo bastardo" with property by charter dated 5 Apr 1233[817]. "Dominus Henricus et dominus Otto marchiones de Buscha" donated property to Staffarda, for "Regimundo eorum fratre", by charter dated 17 Jun 1235[818]. "Dominus Henricus marchio de Busca et dominus Odo frater eius" donated property at Scarnafigi to Staffarda by charter dated 10 Jul 1237[819]. "Domina Audisia comitissa uxor domini Guilielmi marchionis de Busca quondam" confirmed the sale of property to Staffarda by "dominum Henricum marchionem de Busca et Otonem eius filios", with the consent of "domina Rufina comitissa uxor domini Henrici", by charter dated 20 Jul 1237[820]. "Dominus Henricus et dominus Otto fratres marchiones" confirmed a donation to Staffarda by "Rofinus Porfia et Matelda eius uxor" charter dated 6 Dec 1237[821]. "Dominus Anricus et dominus Odo frater eius marchiones de Busca" sold property at Lagnasco to Staffarda by charter dated 18 Feb 1239[822]. "Dominus Henricus marchio de Busca" issued a charter dated 13 Apr 1239 relating to property of Scarnafigi[823]. "Dominus Henrico marchio de Buscha" donated property to Staffarda monastery by charter dated 31 Mar 1248[824]. Tomaso Marchese di Saluzzo rehabilitated "dominus de Buscha…et filii eius Manfredus et Jacobus" following their rebellion, confiscated their fiefs, and granted them "Cruçolio et Uncino" [Crissolo and Oncino], by charter dated 20 Jan 1281 (presumably N.S.)[825]. "Dominus Henricus marchio de Buscha" appointed "eius filii dominus Manfredus et dominus Jacobus" to carry out the agreement with Tomaso Marchese di Saluzzo, following their rebellion, by charter dated 21 Jan 1280 (presumably O.S.)[826].

m RUFINA, daughter of ---. "Domina Audisia comitissa uxor domini Guilielmi marchionis de Busca quondam" confirmed the sale of property to Staffarda by "dominum Henricum marchionem de Busca et Otonem eius filios", with the consent of "domina Rufina comitissa uxor domini Henrici", by charter dated 20 Jul 1237[827].

Enrico & his wife had two children:

1. MANFREDO (-after 1300). Tomaso Marchese di Saluzzo rehabilitated "dominus de Buscha…et filii eius Manfredus et Jacobus" following their rebellion, confiscated their fiefs, and granted them "Cruçolio et Uncino" [Crissolo and Oncino], by charter dated 20 Jan 1281 (presumably N.S.)[828]. "Dominus Henricus marchio de Buscha" appointed "eius filii dominus Manfredus et dominus Jacobus" to observe the agreement which settled his disputes with Tomaso Marchese di Saluzzo by charter dated 21 Jan 1280[829]. A charter dated 14 Apr 1294 relates to the ownership of property by "domini Manfredi de Buscha ac filius domini Jacobi de Buscha condam"[830]. An undated charter records that "dominus Manfredus marchio de Busca et dominus Liagnaschi condam" donated property to Staffarda in 1300[831].

2. GIACOPO (-before 14 Apr 1294). Tomaso Marchese di Saluzzo rehabilitated "dominus de Buscha…et filii eius Manfredus et Jacobus" following their rebellion, confiscated their fiefs, and granted them "Cruçolio et Uncino" [Crissolo and Oncino], by charter dated 20 Jan 1281 (presumably N.S.)[832]. "Dominus Henricus marchio de Buscha" appointed "eius filii dominus Manfredus et dominus Jacobus" to observe the agreement which settled his disputes with Tomaso Marchese di Saluzzo by charter dated 21 Jan 1280[833]. m ---. The name of Giacopo´s wife is not known. Giacopo & his wife had one child:

a) son . A charter dated 14 Apr 1294 relates to the ownership of property by "domini Manfredi de Buscha ac filius domini Jacobi de Buscha condam"[834].

3. GIORGIO di Busca (-after Apr 1310). A charter dated Apr 1310 records peace terms proposed between “domini Opecinus, Raynaldus et Oddoardus Spinule de Luculo”, including their supporters “...Georgius de Busca...”, and the commune of Genoa respecting conventions relating to “Monaco”[835].

E. LANCIA

MANFREDO [I] "Lancia", son of GUGLIELMO Marchese di Busca & his wife --- (-after 30 Aug 1187). Marchese di Busca. A charter dated 1183 records that "Marchese [Manfredo II di Saluzzo]" sold "la villa e castello di Dogliani" to "Manfredo Marchese di Busca, figliuolo d´un Guglielmo quondam Marchese…e Berengario suo fratello"[836]. "Dompnus Manfredus marchio de Busca, quondam Willelmi marchionis…et Bellingerii fratris sui" sold Dogliani to Manfredo II Marchese di Saluzzo by charter dated 30 Aug 1187[837]. His descendants adopted the name Lancia.

m ---. The name of Manfredo's wife is not known.

Manfredo [I] & his wife had one child:

1. MANFREDO [II] (-[1214/15]). Marchese di Busca. "Ubertus comes de Biandra, Mainfredus marchio de Busca, Vilielmus marchio de Bosco…" witnessed a charter dated 11 Feb 1197 under which "Mainfredus II marchio Salutiarum" decided a dispute between Bonifazio Marchese di Monferrato and the consuls of Asti[838]. "Mainfredus Lancea…" witnessed a charter dated 20 Feb 1211 which records an agreement between "Mainfredus marchio Saluciarum" and "Belengerius marchio de Busca et filii eius Villelmus et Odo et Raimundus"[839]. m BIANCA Maletta, daughter of GUGLIELMO Maletta & his wife --- (-after [1214/15]). Her marriage is confirmed by the Thomas Tusci Gesta Imperatorum et Pontificum which refers to the mother of "Manfredus" as "sorore marchionis Lancee…filia domne Blanca"[840]. Her parentage is suggested by the charters in which Manfredo King of Sicily refers to two members of the Maletta family as "avunculus" (see below). Manfredo [II] & his wife had eight children:

a) MANFREDO [III] (-killed Asti 1248). "Dominus Mainfredus Lancea" ordered "domino Ogerio de Montefalcone" to swear allegiance to Manfredo III Marchese di Saluzzo by charter dated 17 Sep 1217[841]. "Dominus Odo Bouerius filius condam domini Belengerii de Busca marchionis" sold property to "domine Alasie comitisse de Saluciis et Mainfredi nepotis eius" by charter dated 11 Jul 1218, witnessed by "dominus Mainfredus Lancea, dominus Villelmus de Busca…"[842]. "Dominus Oto marchio de Carreto…et domino Mainfredo consanguineo meo de Busca Lança", as representatives of Emperor Friedrich II, restored rights to the commune of Vercelli and the church of Casale by charter dated 7 May 1226[843]. Marchese di Busca, Vicario Imperiale in North Italy from 1238, Podeste of Alessandria, Milano and Chieri. m ---. The name of Manfredo's wife is not known. Manfredo [III] & his wife had three children:

i) MANFREDO [IV] (-[1277]). Conte di Cammarata. m ALBERADA, daughter of ---.

ii) ISOLDA (-Trani [1255]). The Nicolai de Jamsilla Historia records that "uxor eius [referring to "Bertholdus Marchio de Honebruch"] Isolda filia Marchionis Lanceæ" died at Trani, dated to [1255] from the context[844]. m BERTHOLD [III] von Vohburg Markgraf von Hohenburg, son of DIEPOLD [VII] Markgraf von Vohburg & his second wife Mechtild von Wasserburg (-[2 Feb 1256/Sep 1257]). He was created Conte d'Ascoli in 1251. Konrad King of Sicily appointed him ambassador to the court at Nikaia with a view to negotiating the return of some members of the Lancia family who had sought refuge with their relative Empress Anna after the death of Emperor Friedrich II[845]. Grand Marshall of the Kingdom of Sicily. He was appointed Regent of Sicily for Konradin King of Sicily in 1254, but was displaced by Manfred von Hohenstaufen. He died in prison[846].

iii) GIACOMO (-after 1269). Signor di Cassaro.

b) GUGLIELMO (-after 1265). Gastaldo di Messina.

c) BIANCA Lancia ([1205/12][847]-[1233/34]). The Thomas Tusci Gesta Imperatorum et Pontificum refers to the mother of "Manfredus" as "sorore marchionis Lancee…filia domne Blanca"[848]. The Historia Sicula of Bartolomeo di Neocastro names "domina Blanca…de Lancea de Lombardia" as the fifth wife of "dominus Fridericus secundus…Romanorum…imperator"[849]. The Historia Manuscrita Mediolanensi records that Emperor Friedrich II married "filiam Bonefacii Castellani" by whom he fathered "Regem Manfredum"[850]. A "confirmatio matrimonii in articulo mortis" in [1233/34] is recorded by Matthew of Paris, in the form of a declaration of her son Manfred[851]. The Cronica Fratris Salimbene de Adam refers to the mother of "Manfredus…filius Friderici" as "marchionis Lancee neptis", specifying that she married the Emperor "in obitu"[852]. Mistress ([1231/34]) of Emperor FRIEDRICH II, son of Emperor HEINRICH VI & his wife Constance of Sicily (Iesi, Ancona 26 Dec 1194-Castel Fiorentino near Lucera, Foggia, 13 Dec 1250, bur 25 Feb 1251 Palermo Cathedral).

d) GALVANO (-beheaded Naples, Piazza del Mercato 29 Oct 1268). Vicario Imperiale in Toscana, Podeste di Padova, Conte di Salerno, Conte di Fondi, Great Marshall of Sicily.

- see below.

e) BEATRICE . m ENRICO [III] da Egna Signor di Egna, son of ---.

f) AGNESE . The Historia Manuscrita Mediolanensi records that "Bonefacii Castellani" had three daughters, of whom one married "de Torniellis" by whom she had "quatuor filii…Comes Gualvagnus, Comes Lanza, Comes Frerinus et Torellus…qui genuit Guavalgnum de Torniellis"[853]. m OTTONE Tornielli, from Novara, son of ---.

g) ISABELLA . The Historia Manuscrita Mediolanensi records that "Bonefacii Castellani" had three daughters, of whom the third married "Uberto de Andito sive de Lando Placentino" by whom she had "Comes Gualvagnus de quo natus est Ubertinus et Manfredus"[854]. m UBERTINO Lardi Conte di Venafro, son of ---.

h) FEDERIGO (-[1298/99]). The Nicolai de Jamsilla Historia records that Konrad IV King of Germany and Sicily expelled "Gualvanum Lanceam", who had been appointed "vicarium suum in Tuscia" by Emperor Friedrich II, "Fredericum…Lanceam fratrem eius et Bonifacium de Anglone ipsius principis [referring to the future Manfredo King of Sicily] avunculum…omnesque ipsius consanguineus, et affines ex parte materna" from his kingdom, dated to [1253] from the context[855]. Conte di Squillace. The Nicolai de Jamsilla Historia records that the future Manfredo King of Sicily invested "Fredericum Lanceam fratrem…Gualvani avunculi sui" with "comitatu Squillacii", dated to [1254/55] from the context, and recording his installation as such in Feb 1256 in a later passage[856]. Viceroy of Apulia. The monk Conrad´s Brevis Chronica records that "comes Fredericus Lancea" was installed as "vicarius Siciliæ" in 1255 "ex parte principis"[857]. The Nicolai de Jamsilla Historia records that "Princeps Manfredus" installed "Fredericum Lanceam avunculum suum" as "Vicarium generalum in Calabria et Sicilia" and sent him "in Calabriam" in Feb 1256[858]. The Istoria of Saba Malaspina records that "comes Federicus Lancea germanus quondam Galvani" opposed Charles I King of Sicily at "castrum Sali…in Calabria", in 1268 from the context[859].

The precise relationship between the following individuals and the Lancia family has not yet been ascertained.

1. BONIFAZIO di Anglono (-after 13 Nov 1264). The Nicolai de Jamsilla Historia records that Konrad IV King of Germany and Sicily expelled "Gualvanum Lanceam", who had been appointed "vicarium suum in Tuscia" by Emperor Friedrich II, "Fredericum…Lanceam fratrem eius et Bonifacium de Anglone ipsius principis [referring to the future Manfredo King of Sicily] avunculum…omnesque ipsius consanguineus, et affines ex parte materna" from his kingdom, dated to [1253] from the context[860]. The Nicolai de Jamsilla Historia records that "comitem Bonifacium de Anglono" was installed as "capitaneus in comitatu Molisii" by the future Manfredo King of Sicily in early 1256[861]. Conte di Monte Albano. "Infans Petrus filius…Jacobi…Regis Aragonum, Majoricarum et Valentiæ, Comitis Barchinonæ et Urgelli, et domini Montispessulani" granted dowry to "dominæ Constantiæ filiæ…Manfredi Regis Siciliæ…uxori nostræ" by charter dated 13 Jun 1262, which names "domino Bonifacio de Anglano…Comite Montisalbani…avunculo dicti domini Regis Siciliæ", countersigned 13 Nov 1264[862].

2. GIORDANO di Anglono . Conte di Sanseverino. The Istoria of Saba Malaspina records that "Manfredus" invested "Jordanum de Anglano consanguineum suum" with "comitatum Sancti Severini", after expelling "Rogerio comite", and sent him "in Thusciam"[863]. The Book of Fees of Charles I King of Sicily records that "comes Jordanus" deprived "episcopum Capaducii de castro Agropoli", which was restored to the bishop[864].

Two [probable] brothers:

1. FEDERIGO Maletta (-killed [1258/59]). The Nicolai de Jamsilla Historia records that "Fredericus Maletta principis avunculus" was installed as "Luceria capitaneus" and was sent "in Capitanata" by the future Manfredo King of Sicily in early 1256[865]. Conte di Apice. The Book of Fees of Charles I King of Sicily records that King Manfredo had granted "comitatum…Apicii…cum castrum S. Severi" to "comes Fredericus Maletta" at the time of his marriage[866]. The Istoria of Saba Malaspina names "Fredericum Malecta comitem Bizani consanguineum suum" as one of the advisers of Manfredo King of Sicily, dated to [late 1264/early 1265] from the context[867]. The monk Conrad´s Brevis Chronica records that "comes Fredericus Malecta" was appointed "capitaneus Siciliæ" in 1257 and in the same year was killed "a Theobaldo Theutonico"[868], although the passage is probably misdated as it follows the report of King Manfred´s coronation as king which is dated to Aug 1258 from other sources.

2. [MANFREDO Maletta (-after 1282). Manfredo King of Sicily granted privileges to the town of Siponto, and appointed "Manfridus Maletta, comes Minei et Frequenti, Montanee montis S. Angeli dominus et magnus regni Sic. camerarius avunculus suus" as its protector, by charter dated Nov 1263[869].] m (1258 before 8 Jul) FILIPPA di Antiochia, daughter of FEDERIGO di Antiochia & his wife Margherita di Poli (-in prison 1273, before 24 Oct). A charter dated 24 Oct 1273 names "quondam Philippe de Antiochia uxoris Manfredi Maletti olim dicti comitis Camerarii proditoris nostri" as the two children of "Fridericus"[870]. Manfredo & his wife had one child:

a) ISABELLA Maletta . The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. m as his first wife, JEAN [II] de Montfort Conte di Squillace e Montescaglioso, son of PHILIPPE de Montfort-l'Amaury Seigneur de Castres et de la Ferté-Alais & his wife Jeanne de Levis (-Foggia [1/3] Dec 1300, bur Foggia, transferred 29 Jun 1305 to Castres).

GALVANO Lancia, son of MANFREDO [II] Lancia Marchese di Busca & his wife Bianca Maletta (-beheaded Naples, Piazza del Mercato 29 Oct 1268). Podestà di Padova. The Chronica of Rolandino Patavino names "Galvano Lanzea comiti de Panego civi Veronensi…de progenie marchionis de Este" as potestas of Padua in 1243[871]. His relationship to the Este family has not yet been traced. Vicario Imperiale in Toscana. The Nicolai de Jamsilla Historia records that Konrad IV King of Germany and Sicily expelled "Gualvanum Lanceam", who had been appointed "vicarium suum in Tuscia" by Emperor Friedrich II, "Fredericum…Lanceam fratrem eius et Bonifacium de Anglone ipsius principis [referring to the future Manfredo King of Sicily] avunculum…omnesque ipsius consanguineus, et affines ex parte materna" from his kingdom, dated to [1253] from the context[872]. The Nicolai de Jamsilla Historia records that "Saraceni" sent legates to "Gualvanum Lanceam avunculum Principis" [referring to the future Manfredo King of Sicily] during the period when Manfredo was plotting to seize the kingdom, dated to [1254/55] from the context[873]. Conte di Salerno, Conte di Fondi, Grand Marshall of Sicily Feb 1256: the Nicolai de Jamsilla Historia records that "Gualvanus Lancea Principis avunculus" was installed as "comes principatus Salernitani et Magnus Regni Siciliæ Marescallus" in Feb 1256 by the future Manfredo King of Sicily[874]. The Istoria of Saba Malaspina names "Galvanus Lancea comes Principatus et Fundorum, marescallus regni" [referring to Manfredo King of Sicily] when recording that he besieged "castrum Monticuli" which had been captured by "Corrado de Antiochia comes Alba, regis eiusdem nepos"[875]. The Istoria of Saba Malaspina records that "Galvanum et filium, Corradum etiam de Antiochia" were captured by Charles Comte d´Anjou after the battle of Tagliacozzo, Abruzzi, dated to Aug 1268[876]. Galvano was beheaded with Konradin von Hohenstaufen ex-King of Sicily, Duke of Swabia. The Alberti Milioli Notarii Regini Liber de Temporibus records the capture in 1268 of "Galvagno Lancia" and his death in Rome with his two sons[877]. The Book of Fees of Charles I King of Sicily records that "comes Galvanus" held "casale S. Cicilie in tenimento Eboli", which the king restored to monastery of San Pietro di Eboli, adding that the king granted "Ebolum" to "comiti Flandrie"[878].

m firstly GIROLA Fieschi dei Conti di Lavagna, daughter of ---.

m secondly MARGHERITA di Ocra, daughter of GUALTIERI di Ocra & his wife --- (-after 1247).

Galvano & his first wife had two children:

1. BARTOLOMEO (-beheaded Naples, Piazza del Mercato 29 Oct 1268). The Alberti Milioli Notarii Regini Liber de Temporibus records the capture in 1268 of "Galvagno Lancia" and his death in Rome with his two sons[879]. Galvano was beheaded with Konradin von Hohenstaufen ex-King of Sicily, Duke of Swabia.

2. ISOTTA (-1254). The Chronica of Rolandino Patavino records the recent marriage of "Ecelinus" and "dompnum Galvanum Lanzeam…sororem" and their divorce in 1244[880]. The chronology appears more consistent with Isotta being the daughter not sister of Galvano, but the primary source which confirms that this is correct has not yet been identified. m (divorced 1244) as his second wife, EZZELINO [V] da Romano Podestà of Verona, Vicario Imperiale della Marca di Verona, son of EZZELINO [IV] da Romano & his second wife Aleida di Mangono (6 Apr 1194-in jail Sarcino 27 Sep 1259).

Galvano & his second wife had three children:

3. CONSTANZA . m ADENOLFO d'Aquino Conte di Acerra, son of TOMMASO di Aquino Conte di Acerra & his wife Margherita di Suevia [Hohenstaufen].

4. GALEOTTO (-beheaded Naples, Piazza del Mercato 29 Oct 1268). Conte di Atti. The Alberti Milioli Notarii Regini Liber de Temporibus records the capture in 1268 of "Galvagno Lancia" and his death in Rome with his two sons[881]. Galvano was beheaded with Konradin von Hohenstaufen ex-King of Sicily, Duke of Swabia. m CUBITOSA d'Aquino, daughter of TOMMASO di Aquino Conte di Acerra & his wife Margherita di Suevia [Hohenstaufen] ([1245][882]-). Galeotto & his wife had four children:

a) CORRADO "de Castel Minardo" (-[1328]). The Chronicle of Ramon Muntaner records that "un jeune enfant, fils de comte et parent de la reine…Corral Llança" left southern Italy for Catalonia with Constanza of Sicily when she married the future Pedro III King of Aragon (in 1262)[883]. Signor di Longhi e Ficarra. The Chronicle of Ramon Muntaner records that "Corral Llança" commanded a fleet of galleons to enforce payment of tribute to Aragon from "le roi de Grenade, le roi de Trémésen et le roi de Tunis"[884]. m ---. The name of Corrado's wife is not known. Corrado & his wife had two children:

i) PIETRO (-after 1335). Signor di Delia, Conte di Caltanissetta. m --- de Alagón, daughter of ARTALE de Alagón Conde de Naro & his wife ---. Pietro & his wife had two children:

(a) ELEONORA . m ARTALUCCIO de Alagón Conde de Naro, son of --- ( (-after 1345).

(b) CESARINA [Cesarea] Lancia ([1320/25][885]-). Zurita names “la Duquesa Cesaria” as wife of “Infante don Juan Duque de Athenas y Neopatria, tio del Rey Luis de Sicilia” and mother of his son Federigo[886]. m (before [1340]) GIOVANNI of Sicily Marchese di Randazzo, (1317-Catania 1 Apr 1348). He succeeded his brother 1338 as Duke of Athens and Neopatras. Regent of Sicily 1338-1348. He died of plague.

ii) UGO (-[1343]). Signor di Longhi e Ficarra. Ancestor of the family Lanza Branciforte, Principi di Trabia.

b) MARGHERITA ([1260/68]-). The Chronicle of Ramon Muntaner records that "une des sœurs de Corral Llança encore toute jeune" accompanied her brother to Catalonia (in 1262) and later married "Roger de Luria"[887]. m (1273) as his first wife, ROGER de Lauria Grand Admiral of Aragon and Sicily, son of --- di Lauria & his wife Bella --- (-1305).

c) daughter . m PALMIERI Abate Signor di Trapani, Conte di Butera, son of --- (-after 1282).

d) BLASCO (-after 1296). Signor di Ficarra.

5. BEATRICE (-after 1268). The Historia Sicula of Bartolomeo di Neocastro records that "comes…Galvanus Beatricem filiam suam" married "Conradus de Antiochia"[888]. Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by the Istoria of Saba Malaspina which names "Galvanus Lancea comes Principatus et Fundorum, marescallus regni" as "socer" of "Corrado de Antiochia comes Alba, regis eiusdem nepos"[889]. [m firstly UGOLINO di Serro .] m [secondly] (1258 before 8 Jul) CORRADO d'Antiochia Conte di Loretto, son of FEDERIGO di Antiochia, Vicar General of the March of Ancona and Duchy of Spoleto [Hohenstaufen] & his wife Margherita di Poli (-after 1301). Conte di Alba, Celano, Laureto ed Abruzzo 1267.

F. MARCHESI di CEVA

ANSELMO del Vasto, son of BONIFAZIO Marchese del Vasto & his [first/second] wife [Alix de Savoie/Agnès de Vermandois] (-after 1140). "Bonifacius marchio" appointed "filiis suos Maginfredum et Wilielmum adque Ugonem necnon Anselmum…et Anricum et Bonefacium minorem atque Odonem" as his heirs but disinherited "Bonifacium…incixie nominatum" by charter dated 1125[890]. That he may have been born from the first marriage of his father is suggested by the charter dated 1196 under which his son "Bonifacius marchio de Cravexana" confirmed a donation to the monastery of San Stefano by "comitissa Adalasia avia mea"[891]. However, this charter could also refer to Bonifazio´s maternal grandmother, mother of Anselmo´s wife who is not otherwise known. "Marchiones filii domni Bonefatii…Manfredus, Wilielmus, Ugo, Anselmus, Enricus, Oddo Bouarius" donated property to the monastery of Staffarda by charter dated 9 Dec 1138[892]. A charter dated 1140 records the agreement between the people of Genoa and "marchiones filios Bonefacii…Manfredum et Hugonem et Anselmum et Henricum et Ottonem", promising not to make war secretly with "Oberto comite Vintimillii" with the permission of Genoa[893]. Marchese di Ceva: a charter dated 22 Dec 1142 records the division of territories agreed between "Marchiones de Vasto…Mainfredum, Willielmum, Hugonem, Anselmum, Heinricum, Bonifacium et Oddonem filios quondam Bonifacii marchionis", under which Anselmo took "marchionatus Ceve"[894].

m ---. The name of Anselmo's wife is not known. Her son "Bonifacius marchio de Cravexana" confirmed a donation to the monastery of San Stefano by "comitissa Adalasia avia mea"[895]. As noted above, it is not known whether this document refers to Bonifazio´s maternal or paternal grandmother.

Anselmo & his wife had two children:

1. GUGLIELMO [I] (-after 10 Nov 1204). Marchese di Ceva. "Gulielmus de Ceva filius quondam Anselmi Marchionis" donated property to "ecclesiæ B. M. Casularum" by charter dated 4 Jul 1188[896]. "Dominus Guilielmus Marchio de Ceva" donated "hæreditate Domini Bonifacii Marchionis de Curtemilia" to the consuls of Asti by charter dated 26 May 1190[897]. A charter dated Oct 1198 records an agreement between Bonifazio Bishop of Asti and "Wiermus de Ceva", who confirms that "dominum Bonefacium fratrem et nepotes suos et dominum Othonem et Henricum de Carreto" will respect it[898]. A charter dated 8 Mar 1202 records an agreement between the commune of Alessandria and "dominum Othonem de Carretto Marchionem suo nomine et nomine domini Vermi de Ceva Marchionis et domini Anrici Marchionis de Pulzono"[899]. "Dominus Oto de Carreto marchio et Henricus marchio frater eius et Guillelmus dominus de Ceua et Bonifacius marchio de Crauesana frater eius" donated property to the monastery of Santa Maria di Casanova by charter dated 10 Nov 1204[900]. m --- di Vento, daughter of ---. The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. Guglielmo [I] & his wife had five children:

a) GUGLIELMO [II] (-after 25 Nov 1228). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Marchese di Ceva. "Dominus Willelmus, D. Manuellus, D. Leo, D. Bonefacius et D. Georgius fratres omnes Marchiones de Ceva" exchanged property with Giacopo Bishop of Asti by charter dated Sep 1222[901]. "Otto marchio de Careto et Oddonus eius nepos marchiones de Vasto et Guielmus marchio de Ceva et Manuellus eius frater suo et fratrum suorum…Raymundus marchio de Busca…et fratrum suorum et Gratapalea…et Henrici di Careto soceri sui…" made an alliance with Asti against Alexandria and Alba by charter dated 25 Nov 1228[902]. m --- di Saluzzo, daughter of MANFREDO II Marchese di Saluzzo & his wife Alasia di Monferrato. The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. Guglielmo [II] & his wife had one child:

i) ALOISIA di Ceva (-[22 Aug 1291/1293] , bur Revello Santa Maria). A continuation of the Chronica Jacobi de Aquis names "Loysa figlola dil Marchese di Ceva" as the wife of "Thomaso", son of "Manfredo"[903]. A charter dated 31 Mar 1282 names "Thome marchionis Salutiarum et Aluyisia eius uxoris"[904]. "Aloisia comitissa Salutiarum uxor Thomæ I marchionis Salutiarum" consented to donations by "eundem marchionem eorum filio Mainfredo" on the occasion of the latter´s marriage to "Beatrice filia quondam Mainfredi regis Siciliæ" by charter dated 1286[905]. "Marchese Tomaso di Saluzzo e Marchesa Alosia padre e madre di detto Manfredo" consented to the marriage between "Manfredo figlio primogenito del Marchese Tomaso di Saluzzo" and "Beatrice figlia del fù Re Manfredo, sorella della Regina Costanza d'Aragona e Sicilia" by contract dated 3 Jul 1286[906]. "Thomas marchio Salutiarum atque…Aluysia de Ceva eius uxor et Salutiarum marchionissa" donated property to "monasterii beati Marie de Revello" by charter dated 25 Jun 1291[907]. m TOMASO I Marchese di Saluzzo, son of MANFREDO III Marchese di Saluzzo & his wife Béatrix de Savoie (-3 Dec 1296).

b) EMANUELE (-after 12 Jun 1253). "Dominus Willelmus, D. Manuellus, D. Leo, D. Bonefacius et D. Georgius fratres omnes Marchiones de Ceva" exchanged property with Giacopo Bishop of Asti by charter dated Sep 1222[908]. "Otto marchio de Careto et Oddonus eius nepos marchiones de Vasto et Guielmus marchio de Ceva et Manuellus eius frater suo et fratrum suorum…Raymundus marchio de Busca…et fratrum suorum et Gratapalea…et Henrici di Careto soceri sui…" made an alliance with Asti against Alexandria and Alba by charter dated 25 Nov 1228[909]. "Dominus Manuellus et dominus Leo et dominus Benedictus et dominus Georgius fratres et marchiones Ceue" agreed not to disturb the priory of Val di Pesio by charter dated 11 Nov 1243[910]. "Dominus Manuellus marchio et potestas Ceue" granted protection to Staffarda monastery by charter dated 20 Nov 1249[911]. The testament of "Bonefacius Montisferrati marchio", dated 12 Jun 1253, appoints "dominam Margaritam comitissam uxorem mea matrem ipsius Guilelmini et dominum comitem de Sabaldia et dominum Tomam de Sabaldia fratrem suum et Dalfinum de Vianesio et dominum Jacobum de Careto et dominum Georgium et dominum Manuellem de Ceva et Bastardinum de Monteferrato" as guardians of his son[912].

c) LEO (-after 11 Nov 1243). "Dominus Willelmus, D. Manuellus, D. Leo, D. Bonefacius et D. Georgius fratres omnes Marchiones de Ceva" exchanged property with Giacopo Bishop of Asti by charter dated Sep 1222[913]. "Dominus Manuellus et dominus Leo et dominus Benedictus et dominus Georgius fratres et marchiones Ceue" agreed not to disturb the priory of Val di Pesio by charter dated 11 Nov 1243[914].

d) BONIFAZIO [Benedetto] (-after 11 Nov 1243). "Dominus Willelmus, D. Manuellus, D. Leo, D. Bonefacius et D. Georgius fratres omnes Marchiones de Ceva" exchanged property with Giacopo Bishop of Asti by charter dated Sep 1222[915]. "Dominus Manuellus et dominus Leo et dominus Benedictus et dominus Georgius fratres et marchiones Ceue" agreed not to disturb the priory of Val di Pesio by charter dated 11 Nov 1243[916].

e) GIORGIO (-[17 Apr/10 Jun] 1268). "Dominus Willelmus, D. Manuellus, D. Leo, D. Bonefacius et D. Georgius fratres omnes Marchiones de Ceva" exchanged property with Giacopo Bishop of Asti by charter dated Sep 1222[917]. Marchese di Ceva. "Dominus Georgius marchio de Ceua…et fratribus suis" agreed with "dominus Poncius de Duima nuncius comitis Campanie" to prohibit "reginam Cypri" from passing through his territory, by charter dated 9 Jan 1233[918]. "Dominus Manuellus et dominus Leo et dominus Benedictus et dominus Georgius fratres et marchiones Ceue" agreed not to disturb the priory of Val di Pesio by charter dated 11 Nov 1243[919]. The testament of "Bonefacius Montisferrati marchio", dated 12 Jun 1253, appoints "dominam Margaritam comitissam uxorem mea matrem ipsius Guilelmini et dominum comitem de Sabaldia et dominum Tomam de Sabaldia fratrem suum et Dalfinum de Vianesio et dominum Jacobum de Careto et dominum Georgium et dominum Manuellem de Ceva et Bastardinum de Monteferrato" as guardians of his son[920]. "Georgii Marchionis Cevæ et filii eius Georgii qui dicitur Nanus" are named as present in a charter dated 11 Feb 1265 which records the division of property between "D. Gulielmus et D. Otho fratres de Nuceto filii q. D. Oddonis[921]. m ---. The name of Giorgio´s wife is not known. Giorgio & his wife had one child:

i) GIORGIO "Nano" (-after 4 Feb 1299). "Georgii Marchionis Cevæ et filii eius Georgii qui dicitur Nanus" are named as present in a charter dated 11 Feb 1265 which records the division of property between "D. Gulielmus et D. Otho fratres de Nuceto filii q. D. Oddonis[922]. Tomaso Marchese di Saluzzo donated property to "Nano marchioni Ceve…[et] Georgii marchionis Ceve patris sui" by charter dated 17 Apr 1268[923]. Marchese di Ceva. "Antonius filius quondam Perciualis Venti" swore allegiance to "marchionis Ceue domini Nanni" by charter dated 10 Jun 1268[924]. A charter dated 30 Sep 1270 records the division of property between "dominum Guillelmum, dominum Nanum, dominum Chapucium, dominum Thomam et dominum Baldoinum Marchiones Cevæ" and "dominum Robertum, dominum Garexii nomine suo et domini Philippi filii sui et dominæ Sofiæ uxoris eius, filiæ quondam domini Guillelmi Marchionis Cevæ"[925]. A charter dated 16 Dec 1270 records the division of property between "domino Guillelmo Marchione Cevæ…et domini Guillelmi fratris sui cum domino Capucio Marchione Cevæ…et domini Nani Marchionis Cevæ…et cum domino Baldoino Marchione Cevæ"[926]. A charter dated 25 Jun 1297 records an agreement between "Nanum marchionum Cevæ…et Georgius eius filius" and the commune of "Montisregalis"[927]. The commune of Asti invested "dominus Nanus Marchio Cevæ" with property by charter dated 4 Feb 1299[928]. A charter dated 4 Feb 1299 records the settlement of a dispute between "D. Gullielmus Marchio Cevæ et Fredericus eius filius…et nomine Josephi Mannelis et Aymerici fratrum suorum filiorum dicti Guillielmi, quorum Josephi et Aymerici dictus Fredericus procurator est" and "Gerbaldus Cepula procurator nobilis viri D. Nani Marchionis Cevæ…et Georgius eius filius…et Gulielmo fratre suo filio eiusdem D. Nani"[929]. m ---. The name of Giorgio´s wife is not known. Giorgio & his wife had two children:

(a) GIORGIO (-before 19 Nov 1324). A charter dated 25 Jun 1297 records an agreement between "Nanum marchionum Cevæ…et Georgius eius filius" and the commune of "Montisregalis"[930]. A charter dated 4 Feb 1299 records the settlement of a dispute between "D. Gullielmus Marchio Cevæ et Fredericus eius filius…et nomine Josephi Mannelis et Aymerici fratrum suorum filiorum dicti Guillielmi, quorum Josephi et Aymerici dictus Fredericus procurator est" and "Gerbaldus Cepula procurator nobilis viri D. Nani Marchionis Cevæ…et Georgius eius filius…et Gulielmo fratre suo filio eiusdem D. Nani"[931]. m ---. The name of Giorgio´s wife is not known. Giorgio & his wife had two children:

(1) BONIFAZIO (-after 22 Apr 1328). A charter dated 19 Nov 1324 records an agreement between "D. Federicus Marchio Cravexanæ et Joannes de Salutiis" and "D. Guillielmus filius…D. Nani Marchionis Ceve, Bonifacius et Odonus fratres filii D. Georgii de Ceva quondam et nepotes dicti D. Nani Marchionis"[932]. A charter dated 22 Apr 1328 records a peace agreement between “Bonifacio ed Oddone degli stessi Marchesi de Ceva...de fazione guelfi” and “Enrietto e Giorgio del Carretto fratelli dei Marchesi di Savona...ghibellini”[933].

(2) OTTONE [I] di Ceva (-after 8 Jan 1332). A charter dated 19 Nov 1324 records an agreement between "D. Federicus Marchio Cravexanæ et Joannes de Salutiis" and "D. Guillielmus filius…D. Nani Marchionis Ceve, Bonifacius et Odonus fratres filii D. Georgii de Ceva quondam et nepotes dicti D. Nani Marchionis"[934]. Marchese di Ceva. A charter dated 22 Apr 1328 records a peace agreement between “Bonifacio ed Oddone degli stessi Marchesi de Ceva...de fazione guelfi” and “Enrietto e Giorgio del Carretto fratelli dei Marchesi di Savona...ghibellini”[935]. m ELEONORA di Saluzzo, daughter of MANFREDO IV Marchese di Saluzzo & his second wife Isabella Doria (-after 8 Jan 1332). The testament of "Dominus Manfredus Marchio Salutiarum", dated 8 Jan 1332 in the presence of "Domino Bonifacio Marchione de Carretto…", provides in case of the decease of "Odonus de Ceva" leaving "Leonora filia dicti Marchionis et uxor dicti Domini Odonis"[936].

(b) GUGLIELMO (-after 19 Nov 1324). A charter dated 4 Feb 1299 records the settlement of a dispute between "D. Gullielmus Marchio Cevæ et Fredericus eius filius…et nomine Josephi Mannelis et Aymerici fratrum suorum filiorum dicti Guillielmi, quorum Josephi et Aymerici dictus Fredericus procurator est" and "Gerbaldus Cepula procurator nobilis viri D. Nani Marchionis Cevæ…et Georgius eius filius…et Gulielmo fratre suo filio eiusdem D. Nani"[937]. A charter dated 19 Nov 1324 records an agreement between "D. Federicus Marchio Cravexanæ et Joannes de Salutiis" and "D. Guillielmus filius…D. Nani Marchionis Ceve, Bonifacius et Odonus fratres filii D. Georgii de Ceva quondam et nepotes dicti D. Nani Marchionis"[938].

2. BONIFAZIO (-after 27 Sep 1223). A charter dated Oct 1198 records an agreement between Bonifazio Bishop of Asti and "Wiermus de Ceva", who confirms that "dominum Bonefacium fratrem et nepotes suos et dominum Othonem et Henricum de Carreto" will respect it[939]. Marchese di Clavesana. "Dominus Oto de Carreto marchio et Henricus marchio frater eius et Guillelmus dominus de Ceua et Bonifacius marchio de Crauesana frater eius" donated property to the monastery of Santa Maria di Casanova by charter dated 10 Nov 1204[940].

- MARCHESI di CLAVESANA.

Two brothers, parents not identified:

1. PAGANO (-after 16 Dec 1259). Marchese di Ceva. “Paganus marchio de Ceva...Veirane uxoris sue filie quondam Oberti comitis Vintimilii...et Michael de Ceva frater dicti Pagani” sold “castrum Baaluchi...castrum Baiardi...medietatem castri...Alme...medietatem castri...Buzanne” to the commune of Genoa by charter dated 24 Nov 1259[941]. m VEIRANA di Ventimiglia, daughter of OBERTO Conte di Ventimiglia & his wife Guillemette de Marseille (-after 14 Dec 1259). “Paganus marchio de Ceva...Veirane uxoris sue filie quondam Oberti comitis Vintimilii...et Michael de Ceva frater dicti Pagani” sold “castrum Baaluchi...castrum Baiardi...medietatem castri...Alme...medietatem castri...Buzanne” to the commune of Genoa by charter dated 24 Nov 1259, confirmed by “Veirana...”, with the advice of “Iacobi Bonisegnorii et Guillelmi Berruti propinquorum meorum”, by charter dated 11 Dec 1259[942].

2. MICHELE (-after 14 Dec 1259). “Paganus marchio de Ceva...Veirane uxoris sue filie quondam Oberti comitis Vintimilii...et Michael de Ceva frater dicti Pagani” sold “castrum Baaluchi...castrum Baiardi...medietatem castri...Alme...medietatem castri...Buzanne” to the commune of Genoa by charter dated 24 Nov 1259[943].

1. GUGLIELMO (-before Sep 1270). m ---.

a) sons (-before Sep 1270). A charter dated 30 Sep 1270 records the division of property between "dominum Guillelmum, dominum Nanum, dominum Chapucium, dominum Thomam et dominum Baldoinum Marchiones Cevæ" and "dominum Robertum, dominum Garexii nomine suo et domini Philippi filii sui et dominæ Sofiæ uxoris eius, filiæ quondam domini Guillelmi Marchionis Cevæ", recording that "filii dicti domini Guillelmi…sunt mortui"[944].

b) SOFIA . A charter dated 30 Sep 1270 records the division of property between "dominum Guillelmum, dominum Nanum, dominum Chapucium, dominum Thomam et dominum Baldoinum Marchiones Cevæ" and "dominum Robertum, dominum Garexii nomine suo et domini Philippi filii sui et dominæ Sofiæ uxoris eius, filiæ quondam domini Guillelmi Marchionis Cevæ", recording that "filii dicti domini Guillelmi…sunt mortui"[945]. m ROBERTO Signore di Garexio, son of ---.

2. GUGLIELMO (-after 4 Feb 1299). Marchese di Ceva. A charter dated 30 Sep 1270 records the division of property between "dominum Guillelmum, dominum Nanum, dominum Chapucium, dominum Thomam et dominum Baldoinum Marchiones Cevæ" and "dominum Robertum, dominum Garexii nomine suo et domini Philippi filii sui et dominæ Sofiæ uxoris eius, filiæ quondam domini Guillelmi Marchionis Cevæ"[946]. A charter dated 16 Dec 1270 records the division of property between "domino Guillelmo Marchione Cevæ…et domini Guillelmi fratris sui cum domino Capucio Marchione Cevæ…et domini Nani Marchionis Cevæ…et cum domino Baldoino Marchione Cevæ"[947]. The commune of Monteregali confirmed grants of property to "D. Guillelmus Marchio Cevæ…et eius filius Fredericus" by charter dated 26 Feb 1288 which names "D. Guillelmum de Ponti Marchionem Carreto generum suum"[948]. A charter dated 4 Feb 1299 records the settlement of a dispute between "D. Gullielmus Marchio Cevæ et Fredericus eius filius…et nomine Josephi Mannelis et Aymerici fratrum suorum filiorum dicti Guillielmi, quorum Josephi et Aymerici dictus Fredericus procurator est" and "Gerbaldus Cepula procurator nobilis viri D. Nani Marchionis Cevæ…et Georgius eius filius…et Gulielmo fratre suo filio eiusdem D. Nani"[949]. m ---. The name of Guglielmo´s wife is not known. Guglielmo & his wife had four children:

a) FEDERIGO (-after 4 Jul 1314). The commune of Monteregali confirmed grants of property to "D. Guillelmus Marchio Cevæ…et eius filius Fredericus" by charter dated 26 Feb 1288 which names "D. Guillelmum de Ponti Marchionem Carreto generum suum"[950]. A charter dated 4 Feb 1299 records the settlement of a dispute between "D. Gullielmus Marchio Cevæ et Fredericus eius filius…et nomine Josephi Mannelis et Aymerici fratrum suorum filiorum dicti Guillielmi, quorum Josephi et Aymerici dictus Fredericus procurator est" and "Gerbaldus Cepula procurator nobilis viri D. Nani Marchionis Cevæ…et Georgius eius filius…et Gulielmo fratre suo filio eiusdem D. Nani"[951]. "Theodorus marchio Montisferrati" absolved "Frederico marchioni Cevæ et eius fratribus Iosepho et Aimerico, filiis quondam Guillelmi marchionis Cevæ" from the allegiance sworn by "pater eorum" in 1288 for "Priola, Valle Tanagri, Villario, Roasio, Ciliaro et Rocaciliaro", whereupon they swore allegiance to Manfredo IV Marchese di Saluzzo, by charter dated 4 Jul 1314[952]. Marchese di Ceva.

b) GIUSEPPE (-after 4 Jul 1314). A charter dated 4 Feb 1299 records the settlement of a dispute between "D. Gullielmus Marchio Cevæ et Fredericus eius filius…et nomine Josephi Mannelis et Aymerici fratrum suorum filiorum dicti Guillielmi, quorum Josephi et Aymerici dictus Fredericus procurator est" and "Gerbaldus Cepula procurator nobilis viri D. Nani Marchionis Cevæ…et Georgius eius filius…et Gulielmo fratre suo filio eiusdem D. Nani"[953]. "Theodorus marchio Montisferrati" absolved "Frederico marchioni Cevæ et eius fratribus Iosepho et Aimerico, filiis quondam Guillelmi marchionis Cevæ" from the allegiance sworn by "pater eorum" in 1288 for "Priola, Valle Tanagri, Villario, Roasio, Ciliaro et Rocaciliaro", whereupon they swore allegiance to Manfredo IV Marchese di Saluzzo, by charter dated 4 Jul 1314[954].

c) AMALRICO (-after 4 Jul 1314). A charter dated 4 Feb 1299 records the settlement of a dispute between "D. Gullielmus Marchio Cevæ et Fredericus eius filius…et nomine Josephi Mannelis et Aymerici fratrum suorum filiorum dicti Guillielmi, quorum Josephi et Aymerici dictus Fredericus procurator est" and "Gerbaldus Cepula procurator nobilis viri D. Nani Marchionis Cevæ…et Georgius eius filius…et Gulielmo fratre suo filio eiusdem D. Nani"[955]. "Theodorus marchio Montisferrati" absolved "Frederico marchioni Cevæ et eius fratribus Iosepho et Aimerico, filiis quondam Guillelmi marchionis Cevæ" from the allegiance sworn by "pater eorum" in 1288 for "Priola, Valle Tanagri, Villario, Roasio, Ciliaro et Rocaciliaro", whereupon they swore allegiance to Manfredo IV Marchese di Saluzzo, by charter dated 4 Jul 1314[956].

d) daughter . The commune of Monteregali confirmed grants of property to "D. Guillelmus Marchio Cevæ…et eius filius Fredericus" by charter dated 26 Feb 1288 which names "D. Guillelmum de Ponti Marchionem Carreto generum suum"[957]. m GUGLIELMO de Pontio Marchese di Caretto, son of ---.

3. TOMMASO (-after 16 Dec 1270). A charter dated 30 Sep 1270 records the division of property between "dominum Guillelmum, dominum Nanum, dominum Chapucium, dominum Thomam et dominum Baldoinum Marchiones Cevæ" and "dominum Robertum, dominum Garexii nomine suo et domini Philippi filii sui et dominæ Sofiæ uxoris eius, filiæ quondam domini Guillelmi Marchionis Cevæ"[958]. A charter dated 16 Dec 1270 records the division of property between "domino Guillelmo Marchione Cevæ…et domini Guillelmi [error for Thomas] fratris sui cum domino Capucio Marchione Cevæ…et domini Nani Marchionis Cevæ…et cum domino Baldoino Marchione Cevæ"[959].

4. CAPUCCIO (-after 16 Dec 1270). A charter dated 30 Sep 1270 records the division of property between "dominum Guillelmum, dominum Nanum, dominum Chapucium, dominum Thomam et dominum Baldoinum Marchiones Cevæ" and "dominum Robertum, dominum Garexii nomine suo et domini Philippi filii sui et dominæ Sofiæ uxoris eius, filiæ quondam domini Guillelmi Marchionis Cevæ"[960]. A charter dated 16 Dec 1270 records the division of property between "domino Guillelmo Marchione Cevæ…et domini Guillelmi fratris sui cum domino Capucio Marchione Cevæ…et domini Nani Marchionis Cevæ…et cum domino Baldoino Marchione Cevæ"[961].

5. BALDUINO (-after 16 Dec 1270). A charter dated 30 Sep 1270 records the division of property between "dominum Guillelmum, dominum Nanum, dominum Chapucium, dominum Thomam et dominum Baldoinum Marchiones Cevæ" and "dominum Robertum, dominum Garexii nomine suo et domini Philippi filii sui et dominæ Sofiæ uxoris eius, filiæ quondam domini Guillelmi Marchionis Cevæ"[962]. A charter dated 16 Dec 1270 records the division of property between "domino Guillelmo Marchione Cevæ…et domini Guillelmi fratris sui cum domino Capucio Marchione Cevæ…et domini Nani Marchionis Cevæ…et cum domino Baldoino Marchione Cevæ"[963].

6. BENEDETTO (-after Apr 1310). Marchese di Ceva. A charter dated Apr 1310 records peace terms proposed between “domini Opecinus, Raynaldus et Oddoardus Spinule de Luculo”, including their supporters “...Benedictus marchio Ceve...”, and the commune of Genoa respecting conventions relating to “Monaco”[964].

Separate individuals named Giorgio/Giorgino have been identified in the Ceva family in the late 14th century. On the basis of the sources so far identified, it is difficult to know with certainty whether there were two or three different Giorgios and how they may have been related to each other.

1. GIORGIO (-[after 4 Jul 1385]). “Giorgino, Giorgio, Carlo, Ghilardo, Aimone, Giovanni, Cristoforo, Giacomo e Manfredo tutti de’Marchesi di Ceva” confirmed a peace agreement with the Pope by charter dated 19 Jul 1375[965]. [“Manuele ed Antonio del Carretto Marchesi de Savona e Cravesana” and “Giorgio, Ghilardo, Cristoforo e Giacomo Marchese di Ceva” settled disputes by charter dated 21 May 1380[966]. It is not known whether “Giorgio” in this and the following document is either “Giorgino” or “Giorgio” who are named in the 19 Jul 1375 charter cited above. A charter dated 4 Jul 1385 records an alliance agreed between "dominus Johannes Galeaz Vicecomes comes Virtutem" and "domini Gerardi filii quondam domini Francischini marchionis Ceve…suis consortibus et consanguineis…Georgio, Karollo, Manfredo, Aymono et Zanono marchionibus Ceve"[967].] m ---. The name of Giorgio´s wife is not known. Giorgio & his wife had two children:

a) GALEAZZO (-after 8 Jun 1401). A charter dated 8 Jun 1401 records an alliance between Gian Galeazzo Duke of Milan and "domini marchiones Ceve…Garcilassus natus quondam domini Georgii…et…Oddonis eius fratris…"[968].

b) ODDONE (-after 8 Jun 1401). A charter dated 8 Jun 1401 records an alliance between Gian Galeazzo Duke of Milan and "domini marchiones Ceve…Garcilassus natus quondam domini Georgii…et…Oddonis eius fratris…"[969].

2. GIORGIO (-[4 Jul 1385/12 Feb 1396]). Marchese di Ceva. “Giorgino, Giorgio, Carlo, Ghilardo, Aimone, Giovanni, Cristoforo, Giacomo e Manfredo tutti de’Marchesi di Ceva” confirmed a peace agreement with the Pope by charter dated 19 Jul 1375[970]. A charter dated 20 Mar 1385 records a dispute between the commune of Genoa and “...dominos Georginum Guiraldum Cristoforum et Iacobum marchiones de Ceva...dominus Guillelmus marchio Ceve miles filius domini Georgini procurator...dominorum Manuelis et Antonii marchionum de Carreto” concerning their fiefs[971]. [“Manuele ed Antonio del Carretto Marchesi de Savona e Cravesana” and “Giorgio, Ghilardo, Cristoforo e Giacomo Marchese di Ceva” settled disputes by charter dated 21 May 1380[972]. It is not known whether “Giorgio” in this and the following document is either “Giorgino” or “Giorgio” who are named in the 19 Jul 1375 charter cited above. A charter dated 4 Jul 1385 records an alliance agreed between "dominus Johannes Galeaz Vicecomes comes Virtutem" and "domini Gerardi filii quondam domini Francischini marchionis Ceve…suis consortibus et consanguineis…Georgio, Karollo, Manfredo, Aymono et Zanono marchionibus Ceve"[973].] It is assumed that Giorgio died before the 12 Feb 1396 charter of his sons cited below. m ---. The name of Giorgio´s wife is not known. Giorgio & his wife had two children:

a) GUGLIELMO (-after 8 Jun 1401). A charter dated 20 Mar 1385 records a dispute between the commune of Genoa and “...dominos Georginum Guiraldum Cristoforum et Iacobum marchiones de Ceva...dominus Guillelmus marchio Ceve miles filius domini Georgini procurator...dominorum Manuelis et Antonii marchionum de Carreto” concerning their fiefs[974]. Marchese di Ceva. “Guglielmo e Giovanni Marchesi di Ceva” swore allegiance to Louis Duc d’Orléans (in his capacity as “Signore d’Asti, di Piemonte e di Savona”) by charter dated 12 Feb 1396[975]. A charter dated 8 Jun 1401 records an alliance between Gian Galeazzo Duke of Milan and "domini marchiones Ceve…dominus Guillelmus…et…Johannis eius fratris, filiique quondam domini Georgini…"[976].

b) GIOVANNI (-after 8 Jun 1401). Marchese di Ceva. “Guglielmo e Giovanni Marchesi di Ceva” swore allegiance to Louis Duc d’Orléans (in his capacity as “Signore d’Asti, di Piemonte e di Savona”) by charter dated 12 Feb 1396[977]. A charter dated 8 Jun 1401 records an alliance between Gian Galeazzo Duke of Milan and "domini marchiones Ceve…dominus Guillelmus…et…Johannis eius fratris, filiique quondam domini Georgini…"[978].

3. GIORGIO di Ceva . It is unclear whether this Giorgio was the same person as either of the Giorgios who are named above. The names of his children are different from those of the other Giorgios, suggesting he was a different person. m ---. The name of Giorgio’s wife is not known. Giorgio & his wife had three children:

a) CARLO di Ceva . “Carlo, Giorgio e Benedetto figlio d’esso Giorgio de’Marchesi di Ceva” swore allegiance to Amédée VII Comte de Savoie for “S. Dalmazzo, Andone...” by charter dated 9 Mar 1391[979].

b) GIORGIO di Ceva . “Carlo, Giorgio e Benedetto figlio d’esso Giorgio de’Marchesi di Ceva” swore allegiance to Amédée VII Comte de Savoie for “S. Dalmazzo, Andone...” by charter dated 9 Mar 1391[980].

c) BENEDETTO di Ceva . “Carlo, Giorgio e Benedetto figlio d’esso Giorgio de’Marchesi di Ceva” swore allegiance to Amédée VII Comte de Savoie for “S. Dalmazzo, Andone...” by charter dated 9 Mar 1391[981].

1. CARLO (-after 4 Jul 1385). Marchese di Ceva. “Giorgino, Giorgio, Carlo, Ghilardo, Aimone, Giovanni, Cristoforo, Giacomo e Manfredo tutti de’Marchesi di Ceva” confirmed a peace agreement with the Pope by charter dated 19 Jul 1375[982]. A charter dated 4 Jul 1385 records an alliance agreed between "dominus Johannes Galeaz Vicecomes comes Virtutem" and "domini Gerardi filii quondam domini Francischini marchionis Ceve…suis consortibus et consanguineis…Georgio, Karollo, Manfredo, Aymono et Zanono marchionibus Ceve"[983]. m ---. The name of Carlo´s wife is not known. Carlo & his wife had two children:

a) BONIFAZIO (-after 8 Jun 1401). A charter dated 8 Jun 1401 records an alliance between Gian Galeazzo Duke of Milan and "domini marchiones Ceve…Bonifacius filius quondam domini Karoli…et…Galeoti eius germani"[984].

b) GALEOTTO (-after 8 Jun 1401). A charter dated 8 Jun 1401 records an alliance between Gian Galeazzo Duke of Milan and "domini marchiones Ceve…Bonifacius filius quondam domini Karoli…et…Galeoti eius germani"

2. FRANCISCO . Marchese di Ceva. He is named as deceased in the 4 Jul 1385 charter quoted below. m ---. The name of Francisco´s wife is not known. Francisco & his wife had one child:

a) GUIRALDO (-after 4 Jul 1385). Marchese di Ceva. “Ghilardo Marchese di Ceva” with the commune of Asti and “Manuele ed Aleramo del Carretto Marchese di Savona figli del fu Enrietto” captured Periola in Spring 1359[985]. “Giorgino, Giorgio, Carlo, Ghilardo, Aimone, Giovanni, Cristoforo, Giacomo e Manfredo tutti de’Marchesi di Ceva” confirmed a peace agreement with the Pope by charter dated 19 Jul 1375[986]. “Manuele ed Antonio del Carretto Marchesi de Savona e Cravesana” and “Giorgio, Ghilardo, Cristoforo e Giacomo Marchese di Ceva” settled disputes by charter dated 21 May 1380[987]. A charter dated 20 Mar 1385 records a dispute between the commune of Genoa and “...dominos Georginum Guiraldum Cristoforum et Iacobum marchiones de Ceva...dominus Guillelmus marchio Ceve miles filius domini Georgini procurator...dominorum Manuelis et Antonii marchionum de Carreto” concerning their fiefs[988]. A charter dated 4 Jul 1385 records an alliance agreed between "dominus Johannes Galeaz Vicecomes comes Virtutem" and "domini Gerardi filii quondam domini Francischini marchionis Ceve…suis consortibus et consanguineis…Georgio, Karollo, Manfredo, Aymono et Zanono marchionibus Ceve"[989]. m ---. The name of Gerardo´s wife is not known. Gerardo & his wife had three children:

i) GIOVANNI (-after 8 Jun 1401). A charter dated 8 Jun 1401 records an alliance between Gian Galeazzo Duke of Milan and "domini marchiones Ceve…dominus Guillelmus…et…Johannis eius fratris, filiique quondam domini Georgini…et dominus Manfredus ac Johannes fratres, natique quondam domini Oddonis, dominus Cristoforus pro se et liberis suis, Garcilassus natus quondam domini Georgii…et…Oddonis eius fratris…Johannes filius quondam domini Gerardi…et…Luce et Agamemnonis fratrum suorum…Bonifacius filius quondam domini Karoli…et…Galeoti eius germani"[990].

ii) LUCA (-after 8 Jun 1401). A charter dated 8 Jun 1401 records an alliance between Gian Galeazzo Duke of Milan and "domini marchiones Ceve…Johannes filius quondam domini Gerardi…et…Luce et Agamemnonis fratrum suorum…"[991].

iii) AGAMEMNONO (-after 8 Jun 1401). A charter dated 8 Jun 1401 records an alliance between Gian Galeazzo Duke of Milan and "domini marchiones Ceve…Johannes filius quondam domini Gerardi…et…Luce et Agamemnonis fratrum suorum…"[992].

3. AIMONE (-after 4 Jul 1385). Marchese di Ceva. “Giorgino, Giorgio, Carlo, Ghilardo, Aimone, Giovanni, Cristoforo, Giacomo e Manfredo tutti de’Marchesi di Ceva” confirmed a peace agreement with the Pope by charter dated 19 Jul 1375[993]. A charter dated 4 Jul 1385 records an alliance agreed between "dominus Johannes Galeaz Vicecomes comes Virtutem" and "domini Gerardi filii quondam domini Francischini marchionis Ceve…suis consortibus et consanguineis…Georgio, Karollo, Manfredo, Aymono et Zanono marchionibus Ceve"[994].

4. ODDONE . m ELEONORA di Caretto, daughter of ---. The name of Oddo´s wife is not known. Oddo & his wife had two children:

a) MANFREDO (-after 8 Jun 1401). Marchese di Ceva. “Giorgino, Giorgio, Carlo, Ghilardo, Aimone, Giovanni, Cristoforo, Giacomo e Manfredo tutti de’Marchesi di Ceva” confirmed a peace agreement with the Pope by charter dated 19 Jul 1375[995]. A charter dated 4 Jul 1385 records an alliance agreed between "dominus Johannes Galeaz Vicecomes comes Virtutem" and "domini Gerardi filii quondam domini Francischini marchionis Ceve…suis consortibus et consanguineis…Georgio, Karollo, Manfredo, Aymono et Zanono marchionibus Ceve"[996]. A charter dated 8 Jun 1401 records an alliance between Gian Galeazzo Duke of Milan and "domini marchiones Ceve…dominus Manfredus ac Johannes fratres, natique quondam domini Oddonis, dominus Cristoforus pro se et liberis suis, Garcilassus natus quondam domini Georgii…et…Oddonis eius fratris…Johannes filius quondam domini Gerardi…et…Luce et Agamemnonis fratrum suorum…Bonifacius filius quondam domini Karoli…et…Galeoti eius germani"[997].

b) GIOVANNI (-after 8 Jun 1401). A charter dated 8 Jun 1401 records an alliance between Gian Galeazzo Duke of Milan and "domini marchiones Ceve…dominus Manfredus ac Johannes fratres, natique quondam domini Oddonis…"[998]. m ---. The name of Giovanni´s wife is not known. Giovanni & his wife had one child:

i) LEONETA . The testament of "Dominus Aymo de Sabaudia miles Dominus Villæ-Franchæ, filius quondam…Domini Philippi de Sabaudia Achayæ principis" dated 13 Mar 1398 makes bequests to "Dominæ Mehentiæ eius consortis…nobili Leonetæ filiæ…Domini Joannis de Marchionibus Cevæ"[999].

c) MENCIA di Ceva (-after 11 Jan 1434). The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified. Amédée Comte de Savoie gave permission for the return of Mencia's dowry dated 11 Nov 1385[1000], which appears to imply the breakdown of the marriage before that date. The testament of "Dominus Aymo de Sabaudia miles Dominus Villæ-Franchæ, filius quondam…Domini Philippi de Sabaudia Achayæ principis" dated 13 Mar 1398 makes bequests to "Dominæ Mehentiæ eius consortis…nobili Leonetæ filiæ…Domini Joannis de Marchionibus Cevæ"[1001]. m (before 11 Nov 1385) AYMON de Savoie, son of PHILIPPE de Savoie Prince of Achaia & his second wife Catherine de Viennois (after 9 Jun 1330-after 13 Mar 1398).

5. GIOVANNI [Zanono?](-after 4 Jul 1385). Marchese di Ceva. “Giorgino, Giorgio, Carlo, Ghilardo, Aimone, Giovanni, Cristoforo, Giacomo e Manfredo tutti de’Marchesi di Ceva” confirmed a peace agreement with the Pope by charter dated 19 Jul 1375[1002]. [A charter dated 4 Jul 1385 records an alliance agreed between "dominus Johannes Galeaz Vicecomes comes Virtutem" and "domini Gerardi filii quondam domini Francischini marchionis Ceve…suis consortibus et consanguineis…Georgio, Karollo, Manfredo, Aymono et Zanono marchionibus Ceve"[1003].]

Two brothers:

1. CRISTOFORO (-after 8 Jun 1401). “Giorgino, Giorgio, Carlo, Ghilardo, Aimone, Giovanni, Cristoforo, Giacomo e Manfredo tutti de’Marchesi di Ceva” confirmed a peace agreement with the Pope by charter dated 19 Jul 1375[1004]. “Manuele ed Antonio del Carretto Marchesi de Savona e Cravesana” and “Giorgio, Ghilardo, Cristoforo e Giacomo Marchese di Ceva” settled disputes by charter dated 21 May 1380[1005]. Gioffredo records that “Cristoforo e Giacomo fratelli Marchesi di Ceva” made an alliance with Gian Galeazzo Duke of Milan, after learning of an agreement between Dauphin Louis and Amédée Comte de Savoie dated 19 Feb 1381, by charter dated 1 Apr 1381[1006]. A charter dated 20 Mar 1385 records a dispute between the commune of Genoa and “...dominos Georginum Guiraldum Cristoforum et Iacobum marchiones de Ceva...dominus Guillelmus marchio Ceve miles filius domini Georgini procurator...dominorum Manuelis et Antonii marchionum de Carreto” concerning their fiefs[1007]. A charter dated 8 Jun 1401 records an alliance between Gian Galeazzo Duke of Milan and "domini marchiones Ceve…dominus Cristoforus pro se et liberis suis, Garcilassus natus quondam domini Georgii…et…Oddonis eius fratris…Johannes filius quondam domini Gerardi…et…Luce et Agamemnonis fratrum suorum…Bonifacius filius quondam domini Karoli…et…Galeoti eius germani"[1008].

2. GIACOPO (-after 20 Mar 1385). “Giorgino, Giorgio, Carlo, Ghilardo, Aimone, Giovanni, Cristoforo, Giacomo e Manfredo tutti de’Marchesi di Ceva” confirmed a peace agreement with the Pope by charter dated 19 Jul 1375[1009]. “Manuele ed Antonio del Carretto Marchesi de Savona e Cravesana” and “Giorgio, Ghilardo, Cristoforo e Giacomo Marchese di Ceva” settled disputes by charter dated 21 May 1380[1010]. Gioffredo records that “Cristoforo e Giacomo fratelli Marchesi di Ceva” made an alliance with Gian Galeazzo Duke of Milan, after learning of an agreement between Dauphin Louis and Amédée Comte de Savoie dated 19 Feb 1381, by charter dated 1 Apr 1381[1011]. A charter dated 20 Mar 1385 records a dispute between the commune of Genoa and “...dominos Georginum Guiraldum Cristoforum et Iacobum marchiones de Ceva...dominus Guillelmus marchio Ceve miles filius domini Georgini procurator...dominorum Manuelis et Antonii marchionum de Carreto” concerning their fiefs[1012].

G. MARCHESI di CLAVESANA

BONIFAZIO di Ceva, son of ANSELMO del Vasto Marchese di Ceva e Clavesana & his wife --- (-after 27 Sep 1223). A charter dated Oct 1198 records an agreement between Bonifazio Bishop of Asti and "Wiermus de Ceva", who confirms that "dominum Bonefacium fratrem et nepotes suos et dominum Othonem et Henricum de Carreto" will respect it[1013]. Marchese di Clavesana. "Bonifacius marchio de Cravexana" confirmed a donation to the monastery of San Stefano by "comitissa Adalasia avia mea" by charter dated 1196[1014]. "Dominus Oto de Carreto marchio et Henricus marchio frater eius et Guillelmus dominus de Ceua et Bonifacius marchio de Crauesana frater eius" donated property to the monastery of Santa Maria di Casanova by charter dated 10 Nov 1204[1015]. "Bonifacius filius Anselmi, marchesus Clavesanæ" sold "villam Bibiæ" to "Mainfredo II marcheso Salutiarum" by charter dated 27 Nov 1205[1016]. Marchese di Clavesana. The Annals of Ogerio Panis record that "Conrado et Opitione marchionibus Malaspine, Ottone atque Enrico marchionibus de Carretto, Bonifatio marchione Crauexane, filio Wilielmi marchionis de Ceua" attacked Ventimiglia in 1219[1017]. "Dominus Bonifacius Marchio Cravexanæ" donated property by way of testament made "in infirmitate sua" to "ecclesiæ Sanctæ Mariæ de Casulis" by charter dated Mar 1221[1018]. Manfredo III Marchese di Saluzzo invested "dominum Guillelmum marchionem de Busca" with his fee in return for allegiance by charter dated 27 Sep 1223, witnessed by "Dominus Bonifacius marchio de Ceva, Gratapalea, Guillelmus de Verçolio…"[1019].

m ---. The name of Bonifazio´s wife is not known.

Bonifazio & his wife had three children:

1. BONIFAZIO "Taliaferio" (-after 3 Jul 1237). Marchese di Clavesana. A charter dated 8 Sep 1233 records an agreement between the commune of Genoa and "Bonifacium filium D. Oddonis et Bonifacium Tagliaferrum marchiones Clavesanæ"[1020]. A charter dated 16 Sep 1233 records an agreement between the commune of Genoa and "Bonifacius Taliaferius et Bonifacius filius quondam domini Oddonis Marchionis Cravexaniæ…et pro aliis fratribus Bonifacii filiis quondam domini Oddonis Marchionis Cravexaniæ…Manuelus et Peterous", confirming actions of "Bonifacio Taliaferro et Oddone quondam fratre meo" dated 1 Jul 1228 and by "patris mei Bonifacii minoris"[1021]. Charters dated 29 Nov 1235, 26 Feb 1236, and 22 Apr 1236 record sales of property by “Bonifacius Taiaferrum marchio Cravexane”[1022]. “Bonefacius marchio Taliaferrum” sold “medietatem pro indiviso castri et ville...Andorie et Stalanelli” to “Manueli et Lanfrancho Aurie fratribus” by charter dated 3 Jul 1237[1023].

2. OTTONE (-[1 Jul 1228/16 Sep 1233]). A charter dated 10 Oct 1226 records an arbitration between the archdeacon of Alba and "dominum Octonem marchionem Cravexane" regarding disputes involving Ormea and Teco[1024]. m as her [second/third] husband, MABILIA, widow firstly of FULCO di Castro and secondly of BONIFAZIO di Volta, daughter of --- (-[16 Jun 1248/14 Mar 1251]). “Domina Mabilia uxor quondam domini Odonis marchionis Cravexane et Bonifacius eius filius” acknowledged receiving payments from “Henrico Cepulla” by charter dated 23 Feb 1235[1025]. “Mabilia uxor quondam Oddonis de Cravexana et tutrix Manuelis Petrini Franceschi et Mateldete et Iohanete...cum Bonifacio filio quondam dicti Odonis” made pledges to “Conrado de Castro presenti et Guillielmo filio Bonifacii de Volta absenti” concerning payments due, by charter dated 12 May 1235[1026]. “Mabilia comitissa Cravexane uxor quondam domini Odonis marchionis Cravexane et Bonifacius marchio eius filius” accepted loans from “Henrico Cepulla” by charter dated 8 Jun 1236[1027]. Justices of the consuls of Genoa condemned “dominam Mabiliam uxorem quondam Odonis marchionis de Cravexana tutricem Manuelis Petrini et Mabeline et Iohanete filiorum quondam dicti Odonis” to make payments to “Fulconem et David filiis quondam Merlonis de Castrum...” by charter dated 16 Jun 1248[1028]. She is named as deceased in the 14 Mar 1251 charter quoted below, which also indicates her supposed first and second marriages (her second husband being named in the 12 May 1235 charter quoted above): “quondam Mabilia matre nostra et eius filiis Conrado de Castro et quondam Guillielmo de Volta”[1029]. More details about the family of Mabilia’s first marriage are shown in the following document: justices of the consuls of Genoa condemned “Bonifacium et Manuelem marchiones Cravexane...heredes quondam Taliaferri marchionis de Cravexana” to give produce from certain mills to “Conradino de Castro [...filius quondam Fulconis de Castro et heres eius]...pro quarta et...Guillielmi et Iacobini fratrum suorum absentium pro dimidia et Fulconi fratri dictorum pro alia quarta”, by charter dated 20 Jun 1251[1030]. Ottone & his wife had six children:

a) BONIFAZIO (-after 10 May 1263). A charter dated 16 Sep 1233 records an agreement between the commune of Genoa and "Bonifacius Taliaferius et Bonifacius filius quondam domini Oddonis Marchionis Cravexaniæ…et pro aliis fratribus Bonifacii filiis quondam domini Oddonis Marchionis Cravexaniæ…Manuelus et Peterous", confirming actions of "Bonifacio Taliaferro et Oddone quondam fratre meo" dated 1 Jul 1228 and by "patris mei Bonifacii minoris"[1031]. Marchese di Clavesana. A charter dated 8 Sep 1233 records an agreement between the commune of Genoa and "Bonifacium filium D. Oddonis et Bonifacium Tagliaferrum marchiones Clavesanæ"[1032]. “Domina Mabilia uxor quondam domini Odonis marchionis Cravexane et Bonifacius eius filius” acknowledged receiving payments from “Henrico Cepulla” by charter dated 23 Feb 1235[1033]. “Mabilia uxor quondam Oddonis de Cravexana et tutrix Manuelis Petrini Franceschi et Mateldete et Iohanete...cum Bonifacio filio quondam dicti Odonis” made pledges to “Conrado de Castro presenti et Guillielmo filio Bonifacii de Volta absenti” concerning payments due, by charter dated 12 May 1235[1034]. “Mabilia comitissa Cravexane uxor quondam domini Odonis marchionis Cravexane et Bonifacius marchio eius filius” accepted loans from “Henrico Cepulla” by charter dated 8 Jun 1236[1035]. The commune of Genoa and “Bonifacium marchionem de Cravexana pro se et fratribus suis” settled property disputes by charter dated 17 Feb 1251[1036]. “Bonifacius et Manuel marchiones de Cravexana” acknowledged a debt incurred to “dicto Grimaldo...et dicto quondam Ingone fratre tuo”, by “quondam Bonifacius Taiaferrum marcho Cravexane patruus noster”, to “Lucho et Bovarello filiis quondam Ingonis de Grimaldo et Grimaldo de Grimaldo”, naming “quondam Mabilia matre nostra et eius filiis Conrado de Castro et quondam Guillielmo de Volta”, by charter dated 14 Mar 1251[1037]. A charter dated 10 May 1263 records the sale of property approved by "dominis Bonifacio et Manueli fratribus marchionibus Clauexane"[1038].

b) EMMANUELE (-after 16 Aug 1288). A charter dated 16 Sep 1233 records an agreement between the commune of Genoa and "Bonifacius Taliaferius et Bonifacius filius quondam domini Oddonis Marchionis Cravexaniæ…et pro aliis fratribus Bonifacii filiis quondam domini Oddonis Marchionis Cravexaniæ…Manuelus et Peterous", confirming actions of "Bonifacio Taliaferro et Oddone quondam fratre meo" dated 1 Jul 1228 and by "patris mei Bonifacii minoris"[1039]. “Mabilia uxor quondam Oddonis de Cravexana et tutrix Manuelis Petrini Franceschi et Mateldete et Iohanete...cum Bonifacio filio quondam dicti Odonis” made pledges to “Conrado de Castro presenti et Guillielmo filio Bonifacii de Volta absenti” concerning payments due, by charter dated 12 May 1235[1040]. Justices of the consuls of Genoa condemned “dominam Mabiliam uxorem quondam Odonis marchionis de Cravexana tutricem Manuelis Petrini et Mabeline et Iohanete filiorum quondam dicti Odonis” to make payments to “Fulconem et David filiis quondam Merlonis de Castrum...” by charter dated 16 Jun 1248[1041]. Marchese di Clavesana. “Bonifacius et Manuel marchiones de Cravexana” acknowledged a debt incurred to “dicto Grimaldo...et dicto quondam Ingone fratre tuo...” by charter dated 14 Mar 1251[1042]. “Manuel atque Francischus filii quondam Oddonis marchionis...et heredes Bonifacii Taiaferri quondam fratris dicti Oddonis patris nostri”, acting through “Guillelmi de Garrexio curatoris nostri”, sold “castri...Andore” to “Porcheto Streiaporco” by charter dated 7 Jun 1252[1043]. Their extended curatorship suggests that Emmanuele and Francisco were somehow incapacitated. A charter dated 10 May 1263 records the sale of property approved by "dominis Bonifacio et Manueli fratribus marchionibus Clauexane"[1044]. A charter dated 16 Aug 1288 records an agreement between the commune of Montisregali and "D. Manuel Marchio Cravesanæ"[1045].

c) PIETRO (-after 17 Feb 1251). A charter dated 16 Sep 1233 records an agreement between the commune of Genoa and "Bonifacius Taliaferius et Bonifacius filius quondam domini Oddonis Marchionis Cravexaniæ…et pro aliis fratribus Bonifacii filiis quondam domini Oddonis Marchionis Cravexaniæ…Manuelus et Peterous", confirming actions of "Bonifacio Taliaferro et Oddone quondam fratre meo" dated 1 Jul 1228 and by "patris mei Bonifacii minoris"[1046]. “Mabilia uxor quondam Oddonis de Cravexana et tutrix Manuelis Petrini Franceschi et Mateldete et Iohanete...cum Bonifacio filio quondam dicti Odonis” made pledges to “Conrado de Castro presenti et Guillielmo filio Bonifacii de Volta absenti” concerning payments due, by charter dated 12 May 1235[1047]. Justices of the consuls of Genoa condemned “dominam Mabiliam uxorem quondam Odonis marchionis de Cravexana tutricem Manuelis Petrini et Mabeline et Iohanete filiorum quondam dicti Odonis” to make payments to “Fulconem et David filiis quondam Merlonis de Castrum...” by charter dated 16 Jun 1248[1048].

d) FRANCESCO (-after 7 Jun 1252). “Mabilia uxor quondam Oddonis de Cravexana et tutrix Manuelis Petrini Franceschi et Mateldete et Iohanete...cum Bonifacio filio quondam dicti Odonis” made pledges to “Conrado de Castro presenti et Guillielmo filio Bonifacii de Volta absenti” concerning payments due, by charter dated 12 May 1235[1049]. “Manuel atque Francischus filii quondam Oddonis marchionis...et heredes Bonifacii Taiaferri quondam fratris dicti Oddonis patris nostri”, acting through “Guillelmi de Garrexio curatoris nostri”, sold “castri...Andore” to “Porcheto Streiaporco” by charter dated 7 Jun 1252[1050]. Their extended curatorship suggests that Emmanuele and Francisco were somehow incapacitated.

e) MATILDA [Mabilia] . “Mabilia uxor quondam Oddonis de Cravexana et tutrix Manuelis Petrini Franceschi et Mateldete et Iohanete...cum Bonifacio filio quondam dicti Odonis” made pledges to “Conrado de Castro presenti et Guillielmo filio Bonifacii de Volta absenti” concerning payments due, by charter dated 12 May 1235[1051]. Justices of the consuls of Genoa condemned “dominam Mabiliam uxorem quondam Odonis marchionis de Cravexana tutricem Manuelis Petrini et Mabeline et Iohanete filiorum quondam dicti Odonis” to make payments to “Fulconem et David filiis quondam Merlonis de Castrum...” by charter dated 16 Jun 1248[1052].

f) GIOVANNA . “Mabilia uxor quondam Oddonis de Cravexana et tutrix Manuelis Petrini Franceschi et Mateldete et Iohanete...cum Bonifacio filio quondam dicti Odonis” made pledges to “Conrado de Castro presenti et Guillielmo filio Bonifacii de Volta absenti” concerning payments due, by charter dated 12 May 1235[1053]. Justices of the consuls of Genoa condemned “dominam Mabiliam uxorem quondam Odonis marchionis de Cravexana tutricem Manuelis Petrini et Mabeline et Iohanete filiorum quondam dicti Odonis” to make payments to “Fulconem et David filiis quondam Merlonis de Castrum...” by charter dated 16 Jun 1248[1054].

3. BERTA di Clavesana (-after 1224). Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by the charter dated 9 Aug 1202 which records that Bonifazio Marchese di Monferrato promised "Guilelmo filio suo" to ratify the peace agreement with Alexandria and Asti and with "socero suo domino Bonefacio de Cravexana…"[1055]. Heiress of Mambarasco e Cortemiglia. m (before 9 Aug 1202) as his second wife, GUGLIELMO di Monferrato, son of BONIFAZIO Marchese di Monferrato & his first wife Elena di Busca ([1180]-17 Sep 1225). He succeeded his father in 1207 as GUGLIELMO VI Marchese di Monferrato.

Two probable brothers, parents not identified, their children being called “cugine” by Gioffredo as noted below:

1. ODDONE di Clavesana (-[5 Jul 1304/3 Nov 1308]). Marchese di Clavesana. “Oddono et Francischo marchionibus Cravexane” sold “dictam villam” to the commune of Genoa by charter dated 5 Jul 1304[1056]. He is recorded as deceased in the 3 Nov 1308 agreement cited below. m ---. The name of Oddone’s wife is not known. The reference to “Oberto Spinola tutore” of her son Federigo (see below) suggests that Oddone’s wife may have been related to the Spinola family. Oddone & his wife had two children:

a) FEDERIGO . Marchese di Clavesana. Gioffredo records the 3 Nov 1308 agreement concerning the inheritance of “Federico, ancor minore, figlio ed erede universale d’Oddone Marchese di Cravesana,...con l’assistenza d’Oberto Spinola tutore suo, e Violantina sua sorella, Argentina e Cattarina sue cugine (figlie di quel Francesco Marchese di Cravesana, che morì in quest’anno Vicario di Cremona), e curatore del ventre della Contessa Giacomina vedova loro madre”[1057]. A charter dated 19 Nov 1324 records an agreement between "D. Federicus Marchio Cravexanæ et Joannes de Salutiis" and "D. Guillielmus filius…D. Nani Marchionis Ceve, Bonifacius et Odonus fratres filii D. Georgii de Ceva quondam et nepotes dicti D. Nani Marchionis"[1058]. m ---. The name of Federigo’s wife is not known. Federigo & his wife had one child:

i) EMMANUELE (-[15 Apr 1385/10 Feb 1402]). Marchese di Clavesana. “Dominus Manuel marchio de Cravexana filius quondam domini Frederici” swore allegiance to the commune of Genoa, in the same way as “quondam domino Aleramum de Carreto et dominoum Manuelem de Carreto fratrem suum vel...Anthonium de Carreto filium et heredem dicti quondam domini Alerami de Carreto” were enfeoffed, by charter dated 13 Jan 1385[1059]. A charter dated 20 Mar 1385 records a dispute between the commune of Genoa and “...dominum Manuelem marchionem de Cravexana filium quondam domini Frederici et domum Iohannem de Saluciis marchionem de Cravexana...” concerning their fiefs, and a settlement agreed “...cum dominis Manuel marchione de Cravexana quondam domini Frederici et Iohanne de Saluciis marchione Cravexane” by charter dated 13 Jan 1385[1060]. Charters dated 14/15 Apr 1385 relate to the same and other similar transactions[1061]. “Dominorum Manuelis quondam domini Enrici et Antonii filii quondam domini Alerami marchionum de Carreto...marchiones Savone et Cravexane”, implementing an arbitration dated 16 Apr 1385, exchanged “dimidia marchionatiis Cravexane” for “medietatem...castrorum Finarii” with “dominum Manuelem quondam domini Frederici marchionis de Cravexana” by charter dated 19 Apr 1385[1062], and transferred the interest in Finali to “dominis Lazarino et Carolo marchionibus de Carreto” by charter dated 20 Apr 1385[1063]. He was named as deceased in the 10 Feb 1402 charter quoted below. m ANDRIOLA, daughter of --- (-after 10 Feb 1402). “Domine Andriole uxoris quondam domini Mannelis marchionis Clavexane tutricis testamentarie Caroli Antonii et Christofori filiorum suorum minorum et dicti quondam domini Manuelis” swore allegiance to Charles VI King of France by charter dated 10 Feb 1402[1064]. Emmanuele & his wife had three children:

(a) CARLO di Clavesana . “Domine Andriole uxoris quondam domini Mannelis marchionis Clavexane tutricis testamentarie Caroli Antonii et Christofori filiorum suorum minorum et dicti quondam domini Manuelis” swore allegiance to Charles VI King of France by charter dated 10 Feb 1402[1065].

(b) ANTONIO di Clavesana . “Domine Andriole uxoris quondam domini Mannelis marchionis Clavexane tutricis testamentarie Caroli Antonii et Christofori filiorum suorum minorum et dicti quondam domini Manuelis” swore allegiance to Charles VI King of France by charter dated 10 Feb 1402[1066].

(c) CHRISTOFORO di Clavesana . “Domine Andriole uxoris quondam domini Mannelis marchionis Clavexane tutricis testamentarie Caroli Antonii et Christofori filiorum suorum minorum et dicti quondam domini Manuelis” swore allegiance to Charles VI King of France by charter dated 10 Feb 1402[1067].

ii) VIOLANTE di Clavesana . Gioffredo records the 3 Nov 1308 agreement concerning the inheritance of “Federico, ancor minore, figlio ed erede universale d’Oddone Marchese di Cravesana,...con l’assistenza d’Oberto Spinola tutore suo, e Violantina sua sorella, Argentina e Cattarina sue cugine (figlie di quel Francesco Marchese di Cravesana, che morì in quest’anno Vicario di Cremona), e curatore del ventre della Contessa Giacomina vedova loro madre”[1068].

2. FRANCISCO di Clavesana (-[1308 or after Apr 1310]). Marchese di Clavesana. “Oddono et Francischo marchionibus Cravexane” sold “dictam villam” to the commune of Genoa by charter dated 5 Jul 1304[1069]. A charter dated Apr 1310 records peace terms proposed between “domini Opecinus, Raynaldus et Oddoardus Spinule de Luculo”, including their supporters “...Francischus marchio Cravezane...”, and the commune of Genoa respecting conventions relating to “Monaco”[1070]. His death is recorded in 1308 in the report of the 3 Nov 1308 agreement cited below (“...Francesco Marchese di Cravesana, che morì in quest’anno Vicario di Cremona...”). Either that document, or the Apr 1310 document quoted above, must be misdated. m GIACOMINA, daughter of ---. Gioffredo records the 3 Nov 1308 agreement concerning the inheritance of “Federico, ancor minore, figlio ed erede universale d’Oddone Marchese di Cravesana,...con l’assistenza d’Oberto Spinola tutore suo, e Violantina sua sorella, Argentina e Cattarina sue cugine (figlie di quel Francesco Marchese di Cravesana, che morì in quest’anno Vicario di Cremona), e curatore del ventre della Contessa Giacomina vedova loro madre”[1071]. Francisco & his wife had two children:

a) ARGENTINA di Clavesana (-after 7 Jun 1351). Gioffredo records the 3 Nov 1308 agreement concerning the inheritance of “Federico, ancor minore, figlio ed erede universale d’Oddone Marchese di Cravesana,...con l’assistenza d’Oberto Spinola tutore suo, e Violantina sua sorella, Argentina e Cattarina sue cugine (figlie di quel Francesco Marchese di Cravesana, che morì in quest’anno Vicario di Cremona), e curatore del ventre della Contessa Giacomina vedova loro madre”[1072]. “Domina Argentina marchionissa Cravexane uxor quondam bone memorie...domini Raffaelis de Auria...militis et regis Scicilie amirati et filia quondam bone memorie...Francisci marchionis Clavexane” ceded shares in “castro...Sancti Romuli” to the commune of Genoa, with the consent of “dominorum Octoboni et Conradi de Auria fratrum et filiorum et heredum bone memorie...domini Raffaelis de Auria...”, by charter dated 7 Jun 1351[1073]. Her possible second marriage is indicated by the 3 Oct 1386 charter quoted below which names “Argentina” as the mother of Giovanni di Saluzzo Marchese di Clavesana, which would also explain Giovanni’s inheritance of an interest in Clavesana . m [firstly] RAFAELO Doria, son of --- (-before 7 Jun 1351). [m secondly --- di Saluzzo, son of ---. If the speculation about Argentina’s second marriage is correct, the chronology suggests that her second husband could have been one of the younger sons of Tommaso II Marchese di Saluzzo.] Argentina & her [second husband has one child]:

i) [GIOVANNI di Saluzzo (-after 3 Oct 1386). Marchese di Clavesana. A charter dated 20 Mar 1385 records a dispute between the commune of Genoa and “...dominum Manuelem marchionem de Cravexana filium quondam domini Frederici et domum Iohannem de Saluciis marchionem de Cravexana...” concerning their fiefs, and a settlement agreed “...cum dominis Manuel marchione de Cravexana quondam domini Frederici et Iohanne de Saluciis marchione Cravexane” by charter dated 13 Jan 1385[1074]. “Dominus Iohannes de Saluciis ex marchionibus Clavexane filius quondam ---” confirmed his donation of “dimidia ville...Rezii” to the commune of Genoa by charter dated 18 May 1385[1075]. “Dominus Iohannes de Saluciis ex marchionibus Clavexane” ceded shares in “castra...Theci...Cartani...Vesalici...Rancii...Cornarii Roche...Patesani et Plani...Vellaghi...Casanove...habet causam...a quondam domina Argentina matre ipsius” to the commune of Genoa by charter dated 3 Oct 1386[1076].]

b) CATARINA di Clavesana . Her parentage and marriage are indicated by the 25 Oct 1386 charter which names “...domine Cataline filie...quondam domini Francisci et matris dicti domini Manuelis et domini Alerami patris dicti domini Antonii”[1077]. m ENRICO Marchese di Caretto, son of ALBERTO Marchese di Caretto & his wife Tiburgia --- (-[22 Apr 1328/8 May 1340]).

H. MARCHESI di SAVONA e CARETTO

ENRICO [I] di Caretto "il Guercio", son of BONIFAZIO Marchese del Vasto & his [second] wife Agnès de Vermandois (Clavesana [1115]-Finale 1184). "Bonifacius marchio" appointed "filiis suos Maginfredum et Wilielmum adque Ugonem necnon Anselmum…et Anricum et Bonefacium minorem atque Odonem" as his heirs but disinherited "Bonifacium…incixie nominatum" by charter dated 1125[1078]. "Marchiones filii domni Bonefatii…Manfredus, Wilielmus, Ugo, Anselmus, Enricus, Oddo Bouarius" donated property to the monastery of Staffarda by charter dated 9 Dec 1138[1079]. A charter dated 1140 records the agreement between the people of Genoa and "marchiones filios Bonefacii…Manfredum et Hugonem et Anselmum et Henricum et Ottonem", promising not to make war secretly with "Oberto comite Vintimillii" with the permission of Genoa[1080]. Marchese di Savona: a charter dated 22 Dec 1142 records the division of territories agreed between "Marchiones de Vasto…Mainfredum, Willielmum, Hugonem, Anselmum, Heinricum, Bonifacium et Oddonem filios quondam Bonifacii marchionis", under which Enrico took "marchionatus Saone"[1081]. A charter dated 1155 records an agreement between the consuls of Genoa and "Manfredo, Enrico…Ottoni Bouerio"[1082]. "Henricus Marchio Saonæ filius quondam Bonifacii Marchionis" founded a church "in territorio Cruxferreæ loco…Furnellum" by charter dated to 1179, in the presence of "filio suo Henrico"[1083]. A charter dated 17 Oct 1181 records the settlement of a dispute between "dominum Henricum Marchionem Saonensium et dominam Comitissam uxorem eius, et suos filios…Odonum et Henricum" and "consules Nauli…"[1084]. A charter dated 20 Jul 1182 records an agreement between the commune of Genoa and "Henricus Marchio Saonæ…Marchiones Otto et Henricus filii Henrici Marchionis", witnessed by "Ribaldus Bissacia, Bissacius filius eius, Obertus Spinola, Henricus Auria, Henricus Delesalve, Rubaldus frater eius, Otto de Caffaro, Otto Pezulus, Bauduinus Comes, et Embriacetus filius quondam Ugonis Embriac, et Rubeus de Volta"[1085].

m COMITISSA, daughter of --- (-after 1181). A charter dated 17 Oct 1181 records the settlement of a dispute between "dominum Henricum Marchionem Saonensium et dominam Comitissam uxorem eius, et suos filios…Odonum et Henricum" and "consules Nauli…"[1086]. According to Europäische Stammtafeln[1087], Beatrice di Monferrato, widow of Guigues [VII] Dauphin de Viennois Comte d'Albon, daughter of Guglielmo V Marchese di Monferrato married secondly Enrico [I] del Carretto Marchese di Finale "il Guercio". The difficulties concerning her parentage and supposed first marriage are fully discussed above. The only primary source which indicates this second marriage appears to be the late 13th/14th century Vida of the poet Raimbaut de Vaqueiras which describes her as sister of Bonifazio Marchese di Monferrato and states that she married to "Enric del Caret"[1088]. However, Raimbaut de Vaqueiras himself calls her "filha del marques" in the famous 'Carros', Truan, mala guerra, composed in [1200/01], which emphasises her youth[1089], seeming to suggest that the Beatrice in question must have been the daughter not sister of Marchese Bonifazio. The identity of her husband "Enric del Caret" has not been established, assuming that the marriages of Enrico [II] di Caretto are correct as shown below in this document.

Marchese Enrico [I] & his wife had six children:

1. OTTONE (-after 25 Nov 1228). A charter dated 17 Oct 1181 records the settlement of a dispute between "dominum Henricum Marchionem Saonensium et dominam Comitissam uxorem eius, et suos filios…Odonum et Henricum" and "consules Nauli…"[1090]. A charter dated 20 Jul 1182 records an agreement between the commune of Genoa and "Henricus Marchio Saonæ…Marchiones Otto et Henricus filii Henrici Marchionis"[1091]. Marchese di Carretto. A charter dated 8 Mar 1202 records an agreement between the commune of Alessandria and "dominum Othonem de Carretto Marchionem suo nomine et nomine domini Vermi de Ceva Marchionis et domini Anrici Marchionis de Pulzono"[1092]. A charter dated 2 Sep 1203 records an agreement involving the consuls of Albi and "Ottone de Carreto et Henrico eius fratre…"[1093]. "Dominus Oto de Carreto marchio et Henricus marchio frater eius et Guillelmus dominus de Ceua et Bonifacius marchio de Crauesana frater eius" donated property to the monastery of Santa Maria di Casanova by charter dated 10 Nov 1204[1094]. Marchese di Dego e Roccaverano. The Annals of Ogerio Panis record that "Oto de Carreto marchio" came to Genoa in Jul 1214 and gave "castrum Cairi…Vignarolio…cum mediate Carcarum, cum mediate Runchi de Mallo et…mediate Montis Cauillonis et Baçolis" to the commune in return for their allegiance[1095]. The consuls of Genoa "…Obertus Spinola" enfeoffed "Octoni de Carreto marchioni et civi Januensi et Ugoni filio vestro" with "castrum Carii" by charter dated 25 Jul 1214[1096]. The Annals of Ogerio Panis record that "Conrado et Opitione marchionibus Malaspine, Ottone atque Enrico marchionibus de Carretto, Bonifatio marchione Crauexane, filio Wilielmi marchionis de Ceua" attacked Ventimiglia in 1219[1097]. "Dominus Oto marchio de Carreto" donated property to the monastery of Santa Maria di Casanova by charter dated 22 Mar 1223[1098]. "Dominus Oto marchio de Carreto…et domino Mainfredo consanguineo meo de Busca Lança", as representatives of Emperor Friedrich II, restored rights to the commune of Vercelli and the church of Casale by charter dated 7 May 1226[1099]. "Otto marchio de Careto et Oddonus eius nepos marchiones de Vasto et Guielmus marchio de Ceva et Manuellus eius frater suo et fratrum suorum…Raymundus marchio de Busca…et fratrum suorum et Gratapalea…et Henrici di Careto soceri sui…" made an alliance with Asti against Alexandria and Alba by charter dated 25 Nov 1228[1100]. m ---. The name of Ottone´s wife is not known. Ottone & his wife had [three] children:

a) UGO (-[6 Dec 1227/15 Aug 1228]). The consuls of Genoa "…Obertus Spinola" enfeoffed "Octoni de Carreto marchioni et civi Januensi et Ugoni filio vestro" with "castrum Carii" by charter dated 25 Jul 1214[1101]. Marchese di Carretto. The Annals of Marchisio record that "Ugo marchio de Carreto" captured "castrum Pereti" in 1223 through the treachery of "Enrico de Uxecio marchionis"[1102]. The testament of "Ugo marchio de Karreto", dated 6 Dec 1227, appoints "Odonum filium meum" as his heir and makes various donations to monasteries[1103]. "Guillelmus Embriacus niger", acting on behalf of "domino Odone de Careto marchione", promised to a donation to the Knights Hospitallers by charter dated 5 Nov 1235[1104]. m ---. The name of Ugo´s wife is not known. Ugo & his wife had one child:

i) OTTONE (-after 8 Jul 1228). The testament of "Ugo marchio de Karreto", dated 6 Dec 1227, appoints "Odonum filium meum" as his heir and makes various donations to monasteries[1105]. "Dominus Otto de Carreto M." invested "Bonifacio suo camerario" with "feudi castrum et villam Gurrini" by charter dated 8 Jul 1228, which confirms that "Dominus Henricus de Carreto filius prædicti Marchionis et dominus Oddonus filius quondam domini Ugoni" executed the grant 15 Aug 1228[1106].

b) ENRICO (-after 15 Aug 1228). "Dominus Otto de Carreto M." invested "Bonifacio suo camerario" with "feudi castrum et villam Gurrini" by charter dated 8 Jul 1228, which confirms that "Dominus Henricus de Carreto filius prædicti Marchionis et dominus Oddonus filius quondam domini Ugoni" executed the grant 15 Aug 1228[1107].

c) [--- . His parentage is confirmed by the testament of "Bonifacius marchio de Carreto", dated Feb 1285, which refers to "castri et loci Bublii…quæ fuit quondam D. Oddi marchionis de Carretto avi mei"[1108]. It is not known whether the father of Bonifazio and Guillermo was either of Ottone´s named sons Ugo or Enrico.] m ---. Two children:

i) BONIFAZIO (-after Feb 1285, bur Ponto Santa Maria). Marchese di Caretto. The testament of "Bonifacius marchio de Carreto", dated Feb 1285, elected burial at "ecclesiæ S. Mariæ de Ponto", named "Vallierminus frater meus", made bequests to "Percivallio de Lavania cognato meo…Aloysiæ de Canellis domicellæ Caracossæ uxoris meæ…sororis prædicti D. Percevalli…Simoneta filia mea…pro ipsa maritanda…Alazina filia mea…pro ea maritanda…Gullielmum Danielem, Ottobonum et Percivallium filios meos…in custodia…D. Percivalli eorum avunculi et prædictæ Caracossæ mater eorum…Leonem filium meum et alios filios meos naturales…Conradum et Oddonum…Leone…Manuelluxium…Aloysium" and bequeathed "castri et loci Bublii…quæ fuit quondam D. Oddi marchionis de Carretto avi mei" to "Friderico Simplici de Rocchetta et Henrico fratre suo atque…Jacobino filio comitis Bartolomei fratris prædictorum Friderici et Henrici"[1109].

- see below.

ii) GUILLERMO . The testament of "Bonifacius marchio de Carreto", dated Feb 1285, elected burial at "ecclesiæ S. Mariæ de Ponto", named "Vallierminus frater meus"[1110].

2. ENRICO [II] di Caretto (Savona 1165-Finale 1231). "Henricus Marchio Saonæ filius quondam Bonifacii Marchionis" founded a church "in territorio Cruxferreæ loco…Furnellum" by charter dated to 1179, in the presence of "filio suo Henrico"[1111]. A charter dated 17 Oct 1181 records the settlement of a dispute between "dominum Henricum Marchionem Saonensium et dominam Comitissam uxorem eius, et suos filios…Odonum et Henricum" and "consules Nauli…"[1112]. A charter dated 20 Jul 1182 records an agreement between the commune of Genoa and "Henricus Marchio Saonæ…Marchiones Otto et Henricus filii Henrici Marchionis"[1113]. Marchese di Savona. A charter dated 30 Jul 1190 records settlement of a dispute before "iudicem marchioni Henrico de Saona"[1114]. "Mainfredus II marchio Salutiarum" granted property held by "Henrico filio Henrici Guerci marchionis Savonæ" to the commune of Asti by charter dated 1191[1115]. Marchese di Noli e Finale. A charter dated 2 Sep 1203 records an agreement involving the consuls of Albi and "Ottone de Carreto et Henrico eius fratre…"[1116]. "Dominus Oto de Carreto marchio et Henricus marchio frater eius et Guillelmus dominus de Ceua et Bonifacius marchio de Crauesana frater eius" donated property to the monastery of Santa Maria di Casanova by charter dated 10 Nov 1204[1117]. The Annals of Ogerio Panis record that "Conrado et Opitione marchionibus Malaspine, Ottone atque Enrico marchionibus de Carretto, Bonifatio marchione Crauexane, filio Wilielmi marchionis de Ceua" attacked Ventimiglia in 1219[1118]. "Henricus de Careto marchio et dominus Gratapalea eius gener" renounced their rights "in castro et villa et posse de Fontantis" by charter dated 16 May 1225[1119]. "Otto marchio de Careto et Oddonus eius nepos marchiones de Vasto et Guielmus marchio de Ceva et Manuellus eius frater suo et fratrum suorum…Raymundus marchio de Busca…et fratrum suorum et Gratapalea…et Henrici di Careto soceri sui…" made an alliance with Asti against Alexandria and Alba by charter dated 25 Nov 1228[1120]. m firstly (1181) SIMONA Guercio, daughter of BARTOLOMEO Guercio, Patrician of Genoa & his wife --- (Genoa 1168-Finale 1216). The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. m secondly (1216) AGATHE de Genève, daughter of GUILLAUME [I] Comte de Genève & his second wife Béatrix de Faucigny (-Finale 1247). "Dominus Henricus Savonensis Marchio et eius uxor Domina Agatha Comitissa filia quondam Comitis Geben." donated property to "Dominæ Petronillæ Abbatiæ Sanctæ Mariæ de Bitumine" by charter dated 1216[1121]. Marchese Enrico [II] & his second wife had three children:

a) GIACOMO di Caretto (Finale 1220-before 21 Oct 1268). "Dominus Jacobus de Carreto marchio Saone" donated property to Santa Maria di Casanova by charter dated 8 Mar 1245[1122]. Marchese di Savona.

- MARCHESI di SAVONA.

b) SOFIA . The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. m GUGLIELMO [III] di Ceva Marchese di Ceva, son of ---.

c) BEATRICE . Her marriage is confirmed by the charter dated 16 May 1225 under which "Henricus de Careto marchio et dominus Gratapalea eius gener" renounced their rights "in castro et villa et posse de Fontantis"[1123]. "Otto marchio de Careto et Oddonus eius nepos marchiones de Vasto et Guielmus marchio de Ceva et Manuellus eius frater suo et fratrum suorum…Raymundus marchio de Busca…et fratrum suorum et Gratapalea…et Henrici di Careto soceri sui…" made an alliance with Asti against Alexandria and Alba by charter dated 25 Nov 1228[1124]. m GUILLAUME de Gratapaille Seigneur de Cléry.

3. AMBROGIO (-1192). Bishop of Savona 1183.

4. BONIFAZIO (1172-1224). Bishop of Savona 1193. Bishop of Asti 1215.

6. ISABELLA . m (1191) ENRICO Marchese di Ponzone, son of UGO [Marchese] & his wife --- (-[8 Mar 1202/15 Apr 1210]).

The precise relationship between Manfredo, named below, and the preceding Caretto family has not been ascertained. However, the charter dated 17 Mar 1284 quoted below records that “dominus Manfredus marchio de Carreto” was vassal of the commune of Genoa, which had enfeoffed “domino Ottoni marchioni de Carreto et Ugonis filio suo predecessoribus dicti domini Manfredo” (see above)[1125]. Maybe Manfredo was the brother of Bonifazio Marchese di Caretto who is named below.

1. MANFREDO (-after 11 Dec 1262). Marchese di Caretto. A charter dated 11 Dec 1262 records the receipt of money by the proxy of "domini Manfredi marchionis de Carreto"[1126]. He is named as deceased in the 17 Mar 1284 charter quoted below. m ---. The name of Manfredo´s wife is not known. Manfredo & his wife had three children:

a) ODDONE (-after 17 Mar 1284). The commune of Monteclaro confirmed grants of property to "Dominus Odonus, Ughetus et Albertus Marchiones de Carreto" by charter dated 20 Jan 1284[1127]. A charter dated 17 Mar 1284 records that “dominus Manfredus marchio de Carreto” was vassal of the commune of Genoa, which had enfeoffed “domino Ottoni marchioni de Carreto et Ugonis filio suo predecessoribus dicti domini Manfredo”, and that “relictis filiis et heredibus suis dominis Oddone Ugueto et Alberto...filii dicti quondam domini Manfredi” now swore allegiance[1128].

b) UGO (-after 17 Mar 1284). The commune of Monteclaro confirmed grants of property to "Dominus Odonus, Ughetus et Albertus Marchiones de Carreto" by charter dated 20 Jan 1284[1129]. His parentage is confirmed by the testament of his nephew "domini Franceschini Marchionis de Carreto…filius et hæres quondam domini Alberti Marchionis de Carreto", dated [8] Jul 1313, which names "dominum Ughetum patruum suum…"[1130]. A charter dated 17 Mar 1284 records that “dominus Manfredus marchio de Carreto” was vassal of the commune of Genoa, which had enfeoffed “domino Ottoni marchioni de Carreto et Ugonis filio suo predecessoribus dicti domini Manfredo”, and that “relictis filiis et heredibus suis dominis Oddone Ugueto et Alberto...filii dicti quondam domini Manfredi” now swore allegiance[1131].

c) ALBERTO (-before Jul 1313). The commune of Monteclaro confirmed grants of property to "Dominus Odonus, Ughetus et Albertus Marchiones de Carreto" by charter dated 20 Jan 1284[1132]. His parentage is confirmed by the testament of his son "domini Franceschini Marchionis de Carreto…filius et hæres quondam domini Alberti Marchionis de Carreto", dated [8] Jul 1313, which names "dominum Ughetum patruum suum…quondam dominum Manfredum Marchionem de Carreto avum dicti testatoris…Alexandrum de Asinariis socerum Tiburginæ filiæ et hæredis ipsius domini Franceschini"[1133]. Marchese di Caretto. - see below.

ALBERTO di Caretto, son of MANFREDO Marchese di Caretto & his wife --- (-before Jul 1313). The commune of Monteclaro confirmed grants of property to "Dominus Odonus, Ughetus et Albertus Marchiones de Carreto" by charter dated 20 Jan 1284[1134]. His parentage is confirmed by the testament of his son "domini Franceschini Marchionis de Carreto…filius et hæres quondam domini Alberti Marchionis de Carreto", dated [8] Jul 1313, which names "dominum Ughetum patruum suum…quondam dominum Manfredum Marchionem de Carreto avum dicti testatoris…Alexandrum de Asinariis socerum Tiburginæ filiæ et hæredis ipsius domini Franceschini"[1135]. Marchese di Caretto. A charter dated 17 Mar 1284 records that “dominus Manfredus marchio de Carreto” was vassal of the commune of Genoa, which had enfeoffed “domino Ottoni marchioni de Carreto et Ugonis filio suo predecessoribus dicti domini Manfredo”, and that “relictis filiis et heredibus suis dominis Oddone Ugueto et Alberto...filii dicti quondam domini Manfredi” now swore allegiance[1136].

m TIBURGIA, daughter of --- (-after 28 Jun 1324, bur Genoa Franciscan Church). The testament of "Domina Tiburgia uxor quondam domini Alberti bonæ memoriæ Marchionis de Carreto", dated 28 Jun 1324, chooses burial "apud fratres Minores de Janua", bequeathes property to "…Tiburgina filia quondam domini Franceschini de Carreto filii sui…Elianæ filiæ suæ…filia sua Isabellina…domina Valentina filia domini Bernabo de Auria uxor quondam domini Francisci de Carreto […dictus Albertus…eius filius]…Margaritæ filiæ Isabellinæ filiæ suæ" and names "dominus Jacobinus et frater eius Manfredus de Carreto…domina Leona comitissa filia quondam domini Alberti de Spinolis…Federicum Gatuerium maritum dictæ Isabellinæ"[1137].

Alberto & his wife had [six] children:

1. FRANCESCO (-after 26 Jul 1313). Marchese di Caretto. The testament of "domini Franceschini Marchionis de Carreto…filius et hæres quondam domini Alberti Marchionis de Carreto", dated [8] Jul 1313, chooses burial "apud monasterium dominarum sanctæ Claræ" or "apud ecclesiam Beati Francisci de Cairo in sepultura…patris sui", names "dominum Ughetum patruum suum…quondam dominum Manfredum Marchionem de Carreto avum dicti testatoris…domina Tiburgia comitissa de Carreto matre dicti testatoris" and bequeathes property to "dominæ Valentinæ uxori suæ…Tiburginam filiam suam", supplemented by a codicil dated 26 Jul 1313 which names "Alexandrum de Asinariis socerum Tiburginæ filiæ et hæredis ipsius domini Franceschini"[1138]. m as her first husband, VALENTINA Doria, daughter of BERNABÒ Doria & his wife Eliana Fieschi (Genoa 1290-Milan 27 Aug 1359). The testament of "domini Franceschini Marchionis de Carreto…filius et hæres quondam domini Alberti Marchionis de Carreto", dated [8] Jul 1313, bequeathes property to "dominæ Valentinæ uxori suæ…Tiburginam filiam suam"[1139]. The testament of "Domina Tiburgia uxor quondam domini Alberti bonæ memoriæ Marchionis de Carreto", dated 28 Jun 1324, bequeathes property to "…domina Valentina filia domini Bernabo de Auria uxor quondam domini Francisci de Carreto […dictus Albertus…eius filius]…"[1140]. She married secondly (1318) Stefano Visconti. "Domina Valentina relicta quondam…domini Franceschini Marchionis de Carreto et postea relicta quondam nobilis militis domini Stephani de Vicecomitibus…et filia quondam nobilis viri Barnaboe de Auria de Janua" confirmed receipt of her dower from "domino Enrico de Carreto Marchione Saonæ filio quondam domini Jacobi…vice dominorum Antonii, Alberti, Manfredi et Franceschini fratrum suorum similiter Marchionum Savonæ", with the consent of "domini Cosmi de Auria honore potestatis Mediolani filii quondam item domini Cosmi de Auria…cognati dictæ dominæ Valentinæ", by charter dated 7 Mar 1350[1141]. Francesco & his wife had one child:

a) TIBURGIA ([1305/10]-after 28 Jun 1324). The testament of "domini Franceschini Marchionis de Carreto…filius et hæres quondam domini Alberti Marchionis de Carreto", dated [8] Jul 1313, bequeathes property to "dominæ Valentinæ uxori suæ…Tiburginam filiam suam"[1142]. Her betrothal is confirmed by the codicil of her father "domini Franceschini Marchionis de Carreto…filius et hæres quondam domini Alberti Marchionis de Carreto", dated 26 Jul 1313, which names "…Alexandrum de Asinariis socerum Tiburginæ filiæ et hæredis ipsius domini Franceschini"[1143]. Considering the birth date of Tiburgia´s mother, Tiburgia herself could have been no older than a young child when her father died. It is assumed therefore that she was betrothed but not married at that time. The testament of "Domina Tiburgia uxor quondam domini Alberti bonæ memoriæ Marchionis de Carreto", dated 28 Jun 1324, bequeathes property to "…Tiburgina filia quondam domini Franceschini de Carreto filii sui…"[1144]. Betrothed (before 26 Jul 1313) to --- Asinario, son of ALESSANDRO Asinario & his wife ---.

2. ENRICO di Caretto (-[22 Apr 1328/8 May 1340]). Gioffredo records in 1340 that “il fu Marchese Enrico del Carretto” signed an agreement with Genoa dated 24 Sep 1320 and that the commune of Genoa signed an agreement with “Giorgio del Carretto fratello di detto Enrico” concerning navigation rights[1145]. A charter dated 22 Apr 1328 records a peace agreement between “Bonifacio ed Oddone degli stessi Marchesi de Ceva...de fazione guelfi” and “Enrietto e Giorgio del Carretto fratelli dei Marchesi di Savona...ghibellini”[1146]. He presumably died before the 8 May 1340 charter cited below. m CATARINA di Clavesana, daughter of FRANCESCO Marchese di Clavesana & his wife ---. Her parentage and marriage are indicated by the 25 Oct 1386 charter which names “...domine Cataline filie...quondam domini Francisci et matris dicti domini Manuelis et domini Alerami patris dicti domini Antonii”[1147]. Enrico & his wife had two children:

a) EMMANUELE di Caretto (-after 5 Nov 1386). Marchese di Caretto. Gioffredo records that “i Marchesi Manuele ed Aleramo figliuoli di detto suo fratello” signed an agreement with “Oliviero Squarciafico procuratore del...Duce [Boccanegra]” relating to the navigation rights mentioned above[1148]. “Dominos Manuelem et Alaramum...pro domino Antonio Marchione de Carretto nepote ipsius domini Georgii” ratified “divisione terræ Finarii”, agreed by “dominus Georgius pro facto ipsorum”, by charter dated [1340?][1149]. Marchese di Savona. Marchese di Clavesana (in part, presumably, inherited from his mother). A charter dated 18 May 1345 records disputes, since “domini Symonis Bucanigre olim ducis Ianuensium” was appointed, between the commune and “dominos Georgium, Anthonium, Manuelem et Alarame marchiones de Carreto” and their settlement agreed by “dominus Manuel de Carreto marchio Saone et Clavexane...[et] dominus Alarame de Carreto marchio Saone et Clavexane”[1150]. “Manuele ed Aleramo suoi figli [=figli di fu Enrico]” agreed the division of “castello del Finale” with “collo zio Giorgio” by charter dated 23 May 1345[1151]. “Georgius de Caretto Marchio Savonæ, Emanuel et Aleramus de Caretto Marchiones Savonæ” swore allegiance to Emperor Karl IV, noting that each held one third “castri...Finarii...” and listing all their other properties, by charter dated 15 May 1355[1152]. “Ghilardo Marchese di Ceva” with the commune of Asti and “Manuele ed Aleramo del Carretto Marchese di Savona figli del fu Enrietto” captured Periola in Spring 1359[1153]. “Manuele ed Antonio del Carretto Marchesi de Savona e Cravesana” and “Giorgio, Ghilardo, Cristoforo e Giacomo Marchese di Ceva” settled disputes by charter dated 21 May 1380[1154]. A charter dated 20 Mar 1385 records a dispute between the commune of Genoa and “...dominorum Manuelis et Antonii marchionum de Carreto” concerning their fiefs, and a settlement agreed by “dominis Manuele de Carreto quondam domini Enrici et Anthonio filio quondam domini Alarami de Carreto nepote dicti domini Manuelis...”[1155]. “Dominorum Manuelis quondam domini Enrici et Antonii filii quondam domini Alerami marchionum de Carreto...marchiones Savone et Cravexane”, implementing an arbitration dated 16 Apr 1385, exchanged “dimidia marchionatiis Cravexane” for “medietatem...castrorum Finarii” with “dominum Manuelem quondam domini Frederici marchionis de Cravexana” by charter dated 19 Apr 1385[1156], and transferred the interest in Finali to “dominis Lazarino et Carolo marchionibus de Carreto” by charter dated 20 Apr 1385[1157]. “Dominorum Manuelis et Antonii de Carreto marchionum Clavexane” ceded shares in “castra...Theci...Cartani...Vesalici...Rancii...Cornarii Roche...Patesani et Plani...Vellaghi...Casanove...habent ex hereditate... quondam domini Francisci marchionis Cravexane et...domine Cataline filie dicti quondam domini Francisci et matris dicti domini Manuelis et domini Alerami patris dicti domini Antonii” to the commune of Genoa by charter dated 25 Oct 1386[1158]. “Domini Manuel et Antonius de Carreto marchiones Saone et Clavexane” sold their part of Clavesana to the commune of Genoa by charter dated 20 Oct 1386[1159]. m ---. The name of Emmanuele’s wife is not known. Emmanuele & his wife had [four or more] children:

i) GIORGIO di Caretto (-after 15 Mar 1392). A charter dated 1 May 1379 records homage from “hominium de Mentono” to “dominus Georcius de Careto filius...domini Manuelis de Careto ex marchionibus Saone” for “medietate, pro indiviso cum...domino Raynerio de Grimaldis milite domino dicti loci...in Mentono”[1160]. The inhabitants of Menton swore homage to “Marchus et Luchas de Grimaldis fratres domini novissimi castri...de Mentono”, after buying their interest from “Georgium de Carreto natum...domini Manuelis de Carreto marchionis Saonensis et Cravexane, dominique Olivensis”, by charter dated 30 Aug 1382[1161]. A charter dated 15 Mar 1392 records an ultimatum to “dominum Nicolaum de Carreto ex Marchionibus Saonæ et eius nepotes ac alii de suo genere et affines, videlicet domini Karolus, et Georgius, Conradus et eius fratres de Carreto, Thomas Malaspina et eius frater, dominus Bartholomeus de Auria cum suis” regarding their allegiance to Genoa[1162]. His precise family relationship with Niccolò di Caretto (see below) has not been ascertained.

ii) CORRADÒ di Caretto (-after 13 Dec 1401). A charter dated 15 Mar 1392 records an ultimatum to “dominum Nicolaum de Carreto ex Marchionibus Saonæ et eius nepotes ac alii de suo genere et affines, videlicet domini Karolus, et Georgius, Conradus et eius fratres de Carreto, Thomas Malaspina et eius frater, dominus Bartholomeus de Auria cum suis” regarding their allegiance to Genoa[1163]. His precise family relationship with Niccolò di Caretto (see below) has not been ascertained. “Conrado del Carretto dei Marchesi de Savona figlio del fu Manuele” ratified a 28 Nov 1401 agreement between Lodovico di Savoia Prince of Achaia and Teodoro Marchese di Monferrato, in the name of “Pietro Balbo Conte di Tenda...[su] cognato”, by charter dated 13 Dec 1401[1164]. The precise family relationship between Pietrro Balbo de Tende (see the document PROVENCE-NICE) and Corrado di Caretto has not been ascertained.

iii) [two or more] other sons . The 15 Mar 1392 charter quoted above indicates that Corrado di Caretto had brothers (the number not known).

b) ALERAMO di Caretto (-before 21 May 1380). Gioffredo records that “i Marchesi Manuele ed Aleramo figliuoli di detto suo fratello” signed an agreement with “Oliviero Squarciafico procuratore del...Duce [Boccanegra]” relating to the navigation rights mentioned above[1165]. “Dominos Manuelem et Alaramum...pro domino Antonio Marchione de Carretto nepote ipsius domini Georgii” ratified “divisione terræ Finarii”, agreed by “dominus Georgius pro facto ipsorum”, by charter dated [1340?][1166]. Marchese di Savona. Marchese di Clavesana (in part, presumably, inherited from his mother). A charter dated 18 May 1345 records disputes, since “domini Symonis Bucanigre olim ducis Ianuensium” was appointed, between the commune and “dominos Georgium, Anthonium, Manuelem et Alarame marchiones de Carreto” and their settlement agreed by “dominus Manuel de Carreto marchio Saone et Clavexane...[et] dominus Alarame de Carreto marchio Saone et Clavexane”[1167]. “Manuele ed Aleramo suoi figli [=figli di fu Enrico]” agreed the division of “castello del Finale” with “collo zio Giorgio” by charter dated 23 May 1345[1168]. “Georgius de Caretto Marchio Savonæ, Emanuel et Aleramus de Caretto Marchiones Savonæ” swore allegiance to Emperor Karl IV, noting that each held one third “castri...Finarii...” and listing all their other properties, by charter dated 15 May 1355[1169]. “Ghilardo Marchese di Ceva” with the commune of Asti and “Manuele ed Aleramo del Carretto Marchese di Savona figli del fu Enrietto” captured Periola in Spring 1359[1170]. He is named as deceased in the 20 Mar 1385 charter quoted below. He presumably died before 21 May 1380, the date of the charter quoted below in which his son Antonio is named. m ---. The name of Aleramo’s wife is not known. Aleramo & his wife had one child:

i) ANTONIO di Caretto (-after 20 Oct 1386). Marchese di Savona. Marchese di Clavesana. “Manuele ed Antonio del Carretto Marchesi de Savona e Cravesana” and “Giorgio, Ghilardo, Cristoforo e Giacomo Marchese di Ceva” settled disputes by charter dated 21 May 1380[1171]. A charter dated 20 Mar 1385 records a dispute between the commune of Genoa and “...dominorum Manuelis et Antonii marchionum de Carreto” concerning their fiefs, and a settlement agreed by “dominis Manuele de Carreto quondam domini Enrici et Anthonio filio quondam domini Alarami de Carreto nepote dicti domini Manuelis...”[1172]. “Dominorum Manuelis quondam domini Enrici et Antonii filii quondam domini Alerami marchionum de Carreto...marchiones Savone et Cravexane”, implementing an arbitration dated 16 Apr 1385, exchanged “dimidia marchionatiis Cravexane” for “medietatem...castrorum Finarii” with “dominum Manuelem quondam domini Frederici marchionis de Cravexana” by charter dated 19 Apr 1385[1173], and transferred the interest in Finali to “dominis Lazarino et Carolo marchionibus de Carreto” by charter dated 20 Apr 1385[1174]. “Dominorum Manuelis et Antonii de Carreto marchionum Clavexane” ceded shares in “castra...Theci...Cartani...Vesalici...Rancii...Cornarii Roche...Patesani et Plani...Vellaghi...Casanove...habent ex hereditate... quondam domini Francisci marchionis Cravexane et...domine Cataline filie dicti quondam domini Francisci et matris dicti domini Manuelis et domini Alerami patris dicti domini Antonii” to the commune of Genoa by charter dated 25 Oct 1386[1175]. “Domini Manuel et Antonius de Carreto marchiones Saone et Clavexane” sold their part of Clavesana to the commune of Genoa by charter dated 20 Oct 1386[1176].

3. GIORGIO (-after 15 May 1355). Marchese di Caretto. A charter dated 22 Apr 1328 records a peace agreement between “Bonifacio ed Oddone degli stessi Marchesi de Ceva...de fazione guelfi” and “Enrietto e Giorgio del Carretto fratelli dei Marchesi di Savona...ghibellini”[1177]. “Dominos Manuelem et Alaramum...pro domino Antonio Marchione de Carretto nepote ipsius domini Georgii” ratified “divisione terræ Finarii”, agreed by “dominus Georgius pro facto ipsorum”, by charter dated [1340?][1178]. “...Antonio Marchione de Carretto nepote ipsius domini Georgii” has not otherwise been identified, but was presumably the son of one of Giorgio’s other brothers named here. A charter dated 18 May 1345 records disputes, since “domini Symonis Bucanigre olim ducis Ianuensium” was appointed, between the commune and “dominos Georgium, Anthonium, Manuelem et Alarame marchiones de Carreto” and their settlement agreed by “dominus Manuel de Carreto marchio Saone et Clavexane...[et] dominus Alarame de Carreto marchio Saone et Clavexane”[1179]. “Manuele ed Aleramo suoi figli [=figli di fu Enrico]” agreed the division of “castello del Finale” with “collo zio Giorgio” by charter dated 23 May 1345[1180]. “Georgius de Caretto Marchio Savonæ, Emanuel et Aleramus de Caretto Marchiones Savonæ” swore allegiance to Emperor Karl IV, noting that each held one third “castri...Finarii...” and listing all their other properties, by charter dated 15 May 1355[1181].

4. [--- di Caretto (-[before [1340?]]). m ---. One child:]

a) [ANTONIO (-[before 18 May 1345?]). Marchese di Caretto. “Dominos Manuelem et Alaramum...pro domino Antonio Marchione de Carretto nepote ipsius domini Georgii” ratified “divisione terræ Finarii”, agreed by “dominus Georgius pro facto ipsorum”, by charter dated [1340?][1182]. “...Antonio Marchione de Carretto nepote ipsius domini Georgii” has not otherwise been identified, but may have been the son of a deceased brother of Giorgio. A charter dated 18 May 1345 records disputes, since “domini Symonis Bucanigre olim ducis Ianuensium” was appointed, between the commune and “dominos Georgium, Anthonium, Manuelem et Alarame marchiones de Carreto” and their settlement agreed by “dominus Manuel de Carreto marchio Saone et Clavexane...[et] dominus Alarame de Carreto marchio Saone et Clavexane”[1183]. The order of the names in this document indicates that Antonio was junior to Giorgio, but senior to Emmanuele and Aleramo: presumably therefore he was a younger brother of Giorgio, who had maybe died many years before the date of the charter.]

5. ALIANA di Caretto (-after 10 Feb 1350). The testament of "Domina Tiburgia uxor quondam domini Alberti bonæ memoriæ Marchionis de Carreto", dated 28 Jun 1324, bequeathes property to "…Elianæ filiæ suæ…filia sua Isabellina…"[1184]. “Domina Aliana de Carreto filia quondam bone memorie domini Alberti marchionis de Carreto marchionissa Saone uxor quondam...domini Iacobi de Carreto marchionis Saone” appointed “dominum Henricum de Carreto marchionem Saone filium suum” as proxy to cede “castri Degi et Carreti” to the commune of Genoa by charter dated 5 Feb 1350, another charter dated 10 Feb 1350 recording her enfeoffment[1185]. m GIACOPO di Caretto Marchese di Savona, son of ENRICO Marchese di Caretto & his wife --- (-[23 May 1340/2 Nov 1347]).

6. ISABELLA (-after 28 Jun 1324). The testament of "Domina Tiburgia uxor quondam domini Alberti bonæ memoriæ Marchionis de Carreto", dated 28 Jun 1324, bequeathes property to "…Elianæ filiæ suæ…filia sua Isabellina…Margaritæ filiæ Isabellinæ filiæ suæ" and names "…Federicum Gatuerium maritum dictæ Isabellinæ"[1186]. m FEDERIGO Gatuerio, son of ---.

BONIFAZIO di Caretto, son of --- di Caretto & his wife --- (-after Feb 1285, bur Ponto Santa Maria). Marchese di Caretto. The testament of "Bonifacius marchio de Carreto", dated Feb 1285, elected burial at "ecclesiæ S. Mariæ de Ponto", named "Vallierminus frater meus", made bequests to "Percivallio de Lavania cognato meo…Aloysiæ de Canellis domicellæ Caracossæ uxoris meæ…sororis prædicti D. Percevalli…Simoneta filia mea…pro ipsa maritanda…Alazina filia mea…pro ea maritanda…Gullielmum Danielem, Ottobonum et Percivallium filios meos…in custodia…D. Percivalli eorum avunculi et prædictæ Caracossæ mater eorum…Leonem filium meum et alios filios meos naturales…Conradum et Oddonum…Leone…Manuelluxium…Aloysium" and bequeathed "castri et loci Bublii…quæ fuit quondam D. Oddi marchionis de Carretto avi mei" to "Friderico Simplici de Rocchetta et Henrico fratre suo atque…Jacobino filio comitis Bartolomei fratris prædictorum Friderici et Henrici"[1187].

m as her second husband, CARACOSA Fiesco, widow of BONIFAZIO Grimaldi, daughter of TEODORO Fiesco Conte di Lavagna & his wife Simone --- (-after Feb 1285). The testament of "Bonifacius marchio de Carreto", dated Feb 1285, made bequests to "Percivallio de Lavania cognato meo…Aloysiæ de Canellis domicellæ Caracossæ uxoris meæ…sororis prædicti D. Percevalli…"[1188].

Bonifazio & his wife had five children:

1. GUGLIELMO DANIELO (-after Feb 1285). The testament of "Bonifacius marchio de Carreto", dated Feb 1285, made bequests to "…Gullielmum Danielem, Ottobonum et Percivallium filios meos…in custodia…D. Percivalli eorum avunculi et prædictæ Caracossæ mater eorum…"[1189].

2. OTTOBUONO (-after Feb 1285). The testament of "Bonifacius marchio de Carreto", dated Feb 1285, made bequests to "…Gullielmum Danielem, Ottobonum et Percivallium filios meos…in custodia…D. Percivalli eorum avunculi et prædictæ Caracossæ mater eorum…"[1190].

3. PERCEVALLE (-after Feb 1285). The testament of "Bonifacius marchio de Carreto", dated Feb 1285, made bequests to "…Gullielmum Danielem, Ottobonum et Percivallium filios meos…in custodia…D. Percivalli eorum avunculi et prædictæ Caracossæ mater eorum…"[1191].

4. SIMONETA (-after Feb 1285). The testament of "Bonifacius marchio de Carreto", dated Feb 1285, made bequests to "…Simoneta filia mea…pro ipsa maritanda…Alazina filia mea…pro ea maritanda…"[1192].

5. ALESSINA (-after Feb 1285). The testament of "Bonifacius marchio de Carreto", dated Feb 1285, made bequests to "…Simoneta filia mea…pro ipsa maritanda…Alazina filia mea…pro ea maritanda…"[1193].

Bonifazio had five illegitimate children by unknown mistresses:

6. LEO (-after Feb 1285). The testament of "Bonifacius marchio de Carreto", dated Feb 1285, made bequests to "…Leonem filium meum et alios filios meos naturales…Conradum et Oddonum…Leone…Manuelluxium…Aloysium"[1194].

7. CORRADO (-after Feb 1285). The testament of "Bonifacius marchio de Carreto", dated Feb 1285, made bequests to "…Leonem filium meum et alios filios meos naturales…Conradum et Oddonum…Leone…Manuelluxium…Aloysium"[1195].

8. OTTONE (-after Feb 1285). The testament of "Bonifacius marchio de Carreto", dated Feb 1285, made bequests to "…Leonem filium meum et alios filios meos naturales…Conradum et Oddonum…Leone…Manuelluxium…Aloysium"[1196].

9. EMMANUELE (-after Feb 1285). The testament of "Bonifacius marchio de Carreto", dated Feb 1285, made bequests to "…Leonem filium meum et alios filios meos naturales…Conradum et Oddonum…Leone…Manuelluxium…Aloysium"[1197].

10. LUIGI (-after Feb 1285). The testament of "Bonifacius marchio de Carreto", dated Feb 1285, made bequests to "…Leonem filium meum et alios filios meos naturales…Conradum et Oddonum…Leone…Manuelluxium…Aloysium"[1198].

1. ANTONIO (-after 29 Mar 1292). Marchese di Caretto. “Antonius marchio de Carreto” swore allegiance to the commune of Genoa by charter dated 29 Mar 1292[1199].

1. CORRADO di Caretto . A charter dated Apr 1310 records peace terms proposed between “domini Opecinus, Raynaldus et Oddoardus Spinule de Luculo”, including their supporters “...Conradus de Carreto, Francischinus eius filius, Enricus de Carreto et eius filii...”, and the commune of Genoa respecting conventions relating to “Monaco”[1200]. m ---. The name of Corrado’s wife is not known. Corrado & his wife had one child:

a) FRANCESCO di Caretto . A charter dated Apr 1310 records peace terms proposed between “domini Opecinus, Raynaldus et Oddoardus Spinule de Luculo”, including their supporters “...Conradus de Carreto, Francischinus eius filius, Enricus de Carreto et eius filii...”, and the commune of Genoa respecting conventions relating to “Monaco”[1201].

1. OTTONE (-after Aug 1313). The commune of Monteclaro confirmed grants of property to "Dominus Odonus, Ughetus et Albertus Marchiones de Carreto" by charter dated 20 Jan 1284[1202]. A charter dated 16 Oct 1291 records an agreement between the commune of Curtismilia and "dominus Oddo Marchio de Carreto et Maynfredus eius filius"[1203]. The commune of Asti granted property to "Dominus Oddonus Marchio de Carretto et Manfredinus eius filius" by charter dated Aug 1313, among which property held by "Dominus Albertinus Marchio de Pulzono…Dominus Enricus Marchio de Pulzono"[1204]. m ---. The name of Ottone´s wife is not known. Ottone & his wife had one child:

a) MANFREDO (-after 1334). A charter dated 16 Oct 1291 records an agreement between the commune of Curtismilia and "dominus Oddo Marchio de Carreto et Maynfredus eius filius"[1205]. The commune of Asti granted property to "Dominus Oddonus Marchio de Carretto et Manfredinus eius filius" by charter dated Aug 1313, among which property held by "Dominus Albertinus Marchio de Pulzono…Dominus Enricus Marchio de Pulzono"[1206]. Marchese di Caretto. The testament of "Dominus Manfredus Marchio Salutiarum", dated 8 Jan 1332 in the presence of "Domino Bonifacio Marchione de Carretto…", invests "Dominos Jacobum, Manfredum et Thomam de Carretto" with property[1207]. m MARGHERITA Malaspina, daughter of TOMMASO Malaspina Marchese di Bosco & his wife ---. The Chronica Jacobi de Aquis, dated to 1334, names "duæ filiæ Margaritam et Elisabet" as the daughters of "Thomas Malaspina", son of "D. Fredericus Malaspina de Lurizana", adding that Margherita married "Manfredini de Carreto et multos ipsa genuit"[1208].

1. ENRICO di Caretto (-after Apr 1310). Marchese di Caretto. A charter dated Apr 1310 records peace terms proposed between “domini Opecinus, Raynaldus et Oddoardus Spinule de Luculo”, including their supporters “...Conradus de Carreto, Francischinus eius filius, Enricus de Carreto et eius filii...”, and the commune of Genoa respecting conventions relating to “Monaco”[1209]. m ---. The name of Enrico’s wife is not known. Enrico & his wife had [two or more] children:

a) sons . Their existence is confirmed by the Apr 1310 charter quoted above.

b) BONIFAZIO (-after 8 Jan 1332). Marchese di Caretto. The testament of "Dominus Manfredus Marchio Salutiarum", dated 8 Jan 1332 in the presence of "Domino Bonifacio Marchione de Carretto…", invests "Dominos Jacobum, Manfredum et Thomam de Carretto" with property[1210].

c) GIACOPO (-[23 May 1340/2 Nov 1347]). The commune of Genoa granted property to "dominus Enricus de Carreto…" by charter dated 2 Nov 1347, which recites earlier grants to "dominum Jacobum de Carreto filium quondam domini Enrichi Marchioni di Carreto" dated 22 Nov 1290[1211]. His parentage is confirmed by the charter dated 10 Feb 1350 which cites a charter dated 23 Nov 1333 under which “dominum Iacobum de Carreto filium quondam domini Enrici marchionis de Carreto iam deffunctum” was enfeoffed with property[1212]. Marchese di Caretto. The testament of "Domina Tiburgia uxor quondam domini Alberti bonæ memoriæ Marchionis de Carreto", dated 28 Jun 1324, names "dominus Jacobinus et frater eius Manfredus de Carreto…domina Leona comitissa filia quondam domini Alberti de Spinolis…"[1213]. The testament of "Dominus Manfredus Marchio Salutiarum", dated 8 Jan 1332 in the presence of "Domino Bonifacio Marchione de Carretto…", invests "Dominos Jacobum, Manfredum et Thomam de Carretto" with property[1214]. A charter dated 23 May 1340 records an agreement between "dominus Jacobus de Carreto…Marchio Savonæ" and the commune of Albareto, referring to "temporibus felicis recordationis…domini Henrici de Carretto…Marchionis Savonæ", witnessed by "dominus Oddonus Spienula, dominus Thomasinus de Carretto, Madius Spinola…"[1215]. Marchese di Savona. m ALIANA di Caretto, daughter of ALBERTO Marchese di Caretto & his wife --- (-after 10 Feb 1350). “Domina Aliana de Carreto filia quondam bone memorie domini Alberti marchionis de Carreto marchionissa Saone uxor quondam...domini Iacobi de Carreto marchionis Saone” appointed “dominum Henricum de Carreto marchionem Saone filium suum” as proxy to cede “castri Degi et Carreti” to the commune of Genoa by charter dated 5 Feb 1350, another charter dated 10 Feb 1350 recording her enfeoffment[1216]. Giacopo & his wife had children:

i) ENRICO di Caretto (-after 7 Mar 1350). The commune of Genoa granted property to "dominus Enricus de Carreto nomine suo et tamquam procurator…dominorum Antonii, Alberti, Manfredi et Franceschini qui sunt hæredes universales bonæ memoriæ quondam domini Jacobi de Carreti Marchioni Saonæ…sui filii" by charter dated 2 Nov 1347[1217]. Marchese di Savona. The commune of Genoa granted property to "dominus Enricus de Carreto…" by charter dated 2 Nov 1347, which recites earlier grants to "dominum Jacobum de Carreto filium quondam domini Enrichi Marchioni di Carreto" dated 22 Nov 1290[1218]. “Domina Aliana de Carreto filia quondam bone memorie domini Alberti marchionis de Carreto marchionissa Saone uxor quondam...domini Iacobi de Carreto marchionis Saone” appointed “dominum Henricum de Carreto marchionem Saone filium suum” as proxy to cede “castri Degi et Carreti” to the commune of Genoa by charter dated 5 Feb 1350, another charter dated 10 Feb 1350 recording her enfeoffment[1219]. “Dominus Enricum de Carreto marchio Saonae quondam domini Iacobi de Carreto...et procuratorem...dominorum Anthonii, Alberti, Manfredi et Franceschini fratrem ipsius” requested the commune of Genoa to enfeoff them with “castro...Spigni et castrorum Mayrane et Rochete”, as enfeoffed 23 Nov 1333 to “dominum Iacobum de Carreto filium quondam domini Enrici marchionis de Carreto iam deffunctum” and 25 Jun 1333 “per...dominos Raymondinum et Oddinum fratres marchiones de Ponzono...et...procuratorio...domini Conradi marchionis de Ponzono et eius fratris pro medietate...per Manfredum de Ponzono...et Boniffacium marchionem de Ponzono...et procuratorio...Guieti de Ponzon marchionis eius fratris pro alia medietate”, by charter dated 10 Feb 1350[1220]. "Domina Valentina relicta quondam…domini Franceschini Marchionis de Carreto et postea relicta quondam nobilis militis domini Stephani de Vicecomitibus…et filia quondam nobilis viri Barnaboe de Auria de Janua" confirmed receipt of her dower from "domino Enrico de Carreto Marchione Saonæ filio quondam domini Jacobi…vice dominorum Antonii, Alberti, Manfredi et Franceschini fratrum suorum similiter Marchionum Savonæ" by charter dated 7 Mar 1350[1221].

ii) ANTONIO (-after 7 Mar 1350). The commune of Genoa granted property to "dominus Enricus de Carreto nomine suo et tamquam procurator…dominorum Antonii, Alberti, Manfredi et Franceschini qui sunt hæredes universales bonæ memoriæ quondam domini Jacobi de Carreti Marchioni Saonæ…sui filii" by charter dated 2 Nov 1347[1222]. “Dominus Enricum de Carreto marchio Saonae quondam domini Iacobi de Carreto...et procuratorem...dominorum Anthonii, Alberti, Manfredi et Franceschini fratrem ipsius” requested the commune of Genoa to enfeoff them with “castro...Spigni et castrorum Mayrane et Rochete”, by charter dated 10 Feb 1350[1223]. Marchese di Savona. "Domina Valentina relicta quondam…domini Franceschini Marchionis de Carreto et postea relicta quondam nobilis militis domini Stephani de Vicecomitibus…et filia quondam nobilis viri Barnaboe de Auria de Janua" confirmed receipt of her dower from "domino Enrico de Carreto Marchione Saonæ filio quondam domini Jacobi…vice dominorum Antonii, Alberti, Manfredi et Franceschini fratrum suorum similiter Marchionum Savonæ" by charter dated 7 Mar 1350[1224].

iii) ALBERTO (-after 7 Mar 1350). The commune of Genoa granted property to "dominus Enricus de Carreto nomine suo et tamquam procurator…dominorum Antonii, Alberti, Manfredi et Franceschini qui sunt hæredes universales bonæ memoriæ quondam domini Jacobi de Carreti Marchioni Saonæ…sui filii" by charter dated 2 Nov 1347[1225]. Marchese di Savona. “Dominus Albertus de Carreto marchio Saonae filius et heres quondam domini Iacobi de Carreto” appointed “dominum Henricum de Carreto marchionem Saone fratrem suum” as proxy to cede “castro...Spigni et castro Mayrane et Rochete” to the commune of Genoa by charter dated 5 Feb 1350[1226]. “Dominus Enricum de Carreto marchio Saonae quondam domini Iacobi de Carreto...et procuratorem...dominorum Anthonii, Alberti, Manfredi et Franceschini fratrem ipsius” requested the commune of Genoa to enfeoff them with “castro...Spigni et castrorum Mayrane et Rochete”, by charter dated 10 Feb 1350[1227]. "Domina Valentina relicta quondam…domini Franceschini Marchionis de Carreto et postea relicta quondam nobilis militis domini Stephani de Vicecomitibus…et filia quondam nobilis viri Barnaboe de Auria de Janua" confirmed receipt of her dower from "domino Enrico de Carreto Marchione Saonæ filio quondam domini Jacobi…vice dominorum Antonii, Alberti, Manfredi et Franceschini fratrum suorum similiter Marchionum Savonæ" by charter dated 7 Mar 1350[1228].

iv) MANFREDO (-after 7 Mar 1350). The commune of Genoa granted property to "dominus Enricus de Carreto nomine suo et tamquam procurator…dominorum Antonii, Alberti, Manfredi et Franceschini qui sunt hæredes universales bonæ memoriæ quondam domini Jacobi de Carreti Marchioni Saonæ…sui filii" by charter dated 2 Nov 1347[1229]. “Dominus Enricum de Carreto marchio Saonae quondam domini Iacobi de Carreto...et procuratorem...dominorum Anthonii, Alberti, Manfredi et Franceschini fratrem ipsius” requested the commune of Genoa to enfeoff them with “castro...Spigni et castrorum Mayrane et Rochete”, by charter dated 10 Feb 1350[1230]. Marchese di Savona. "Domina Valentina relicta quondam…domini Franceschini Marchionis de Carreto et postea relicta quondam nobilis militis domini Stephani de Vicecomitibus…et filia quondam nobilis viri Barnaboe de Auria de Janua" confirmed receipt of her dower from "domino Enrico de Carreto Marchione Saonæ filio quondam domini Jacobi…vice dominorum Antonii, Alberti, Manfredi et Franceschini fratrum suorum similiter Marchionum Savonæ" by charter dated 7 Mar 1350[1231]. m ---. The name of Manfredo’s wife is not known. Manfredo & his wife had three children:

(a) FRANCESCO di Caretto (-after 16 Jun 1388). “Dominus Pontius ex marchionibus de Ponzono quondam domini Bonifacii...” swore allegiance to the commune of Genoa, naming as other part owners “Franciscus et fratres de Carreto [...Francischini Ludovici et Iohannis fratrem filiorum] quondam domini Manfredo di Carreto [...marchionis de Saone]...”, by charter dated 30 May 1388[1232]. “Dominus Franciscus marchio de Carreto filius quondam domini Manfredi marchionis de Carreto de Spigno...et nomine...Lodixii et Iohannis fratrum suorum” pledged peaceful possession of “nemoris Montisursalis” to “homines de Pereto” by charter dated 16 Jun 1388[1233].

(b) LODOVICO di Caretto (-after 16 Jun 1388). “Dominus Pontius ex marchionibus de Ponzono quondam domini Bonifacii...” swore allegiance to the commune of Genoa, naming as other part owners “Franciscus et fratres de Carreto [...Francischini Ludovici et Iohannis fratrem filiorum] quondam domini Manfredo di Carreto [...marchionis de Saone]...”, by charter dated 30 May 1388[1234]. “Dominus Franciscus marchio de Carreto filius quondam domini Manfredi marchionis de Carreto de Spigno...et nomine...Lodixii et Iohannis fratrum suorum” pledged peaceful possession of “nemoris Montisursalis” to “homines de Pereto” by charter dated 16 Jun 1388[1235].

(c) GIOVANNI di Caretto (-after 16 Jun 1388). “Dominus Pontius ex marchionibus de Ponzono quondam domini Bonifacii...” swore allegiance to the commune of Genoa, naming as other part owners “Franciscus et fratres de Carreto [...Francischini Ludovici et Iohannis fratrem filiorum] quondam domini Manfredo di Carreto [...marchionis de Saone]...”, by charter dated 30 May 1388[1236]. “Dominus Franciscus marchio de Carreto filius quondam domini Manfredi marchionis de Carreto de Spigno...et nomine...Lodixii et Iohannis fratrum suorum” pledged peaceful possession of “nemoris Montisursalis” to “homines de Pereto” by charter dated 16 Jun 1388[1237].

v) FRANCESCO (-after 7 Mar 1350). The commune of Genoa granted property to "dominus Enricus de Carreto nomine suo et tamquam procurator…dominorum Antonii, Alberti, Manfredi et Franceschini qui sunt hæredes universales bonæ memoriæ quondam domini Jacobi de Carreti Marchioni Saonæ…sui filii" by charter dated 2 Nov 1347[1238]. “Dominus Enricum de Carreto marchio Saonae quondam domini Iacobi de Carreto...et procuratorem...dominorum Anthonii, Alberti, Manfredi et Franceschini fratrem ipsius” requested the commune of Genoa to enfeoff them with “castro...Spigni et castrorum Mayrane et Rochete”, by charter dated 10 Feb 1350[1239]. Marchese di Savona. "Domina Valentina relicta quondam…domini Franceschini Marchionis de Carreto et postea relicta quondam nobilis militis domini Stephani de Vicecomitibus…et filia quondam nobilis viri Barnaboe de Auria de Janua" confirmed receipt of her dower from "domino Enrico de Carreto Marchione Saonæ filio quondam domini Jacobi…vice dominorum Antonii, Alberti, Manfredi et Franceschini fratrum suorum similiter Marchionum Savonæ" by charter dated 7 Mar 1350[1240].

1. TOMMASO (-after 23 May 1340). Marchese di Caretto. The testament of "Dominus Manfredus Marchio Salutiarum", dated 8 Jan 1332 in the presence of "Domino Bonifacio Marchione de Carretto…", invests "Dominos Jacobum, Manfredum et Thomam de Carretto" with property[1241]. A charter dated 23 May 1340 records an agreement between "dominus Jacobus de Carreto…Marchio Savonæ" and the commune of Albareto, referring to "temporibus felicis recordationis…domini Henrici de Carretto…Marchionis Savonæ", witnessed by "dominus Oddonus Spienula, dominus Thomasinus de Carretto, Madius Spinola…"[1242].

Three brothers, parents not identified:

1. BONIFAZIO (-after 12 Jun 1359). Marchese di Caretto. "D. Bonifacius ex Marchionibus de Carreto…fratrum suorum DD. Manfredi et Georgii" donated revenue to the church of Santa Julia & Niosa by charter dated 12 Jun 1359[1243].

2. MANFREDO (-after 12 Jun 1359). "D. Bonifacius ex Marchionibus de Carreto…fratrum suorum DD. Manfredi et Georgii" donated revenue to the church of Santa Julia & Niosa by charter dated 12 Jun 1359[1244].

3. GIORGIO (-after 12 Jun 1359). "D. Bonifacius ex Marchionibus de Carreto…fratrum suorum DD. Manfredi et Georgii" donated revenue to the church of Santa Julia & Niosa by charter dated 12 Jun 1359[1245].

The following members of the Caretto are mentioned together in the 15 Mar 1392 charter cited below, the wording of which suggests that they were closely related. It has not yet been possible to connect either of them to the Caretto family members named above. Giorgio and Corrado, named in the same document, appear to have been the sons of Emmanuele di Caretto named above. Their relationship with the named members of the Malaspina and Doria families, also named in the same document, have not been ascertained.

1. NICCOLÒ di Caretto (-after 15 Mar 1392). A charter dated 15 Mar 1392 records an ultimatum to “dominum Nicolaum de Carreto ex Marchionibus Saonæ et eius nepotes ac alii de suo genere et affines, videlicet domini Karolus, et Georgius, Conradus et eius fratres de Carreto, Thomas Malaspina et eius frater, dominus Bartholomeus de Auria cum suis” regarding their allegiance to Genoa[1246].

2. CARLÒ di Caretto (-after 15 Mar 1392). A charter dated 15 Mar 1392 records an ultimatum to “dominum Nicolaum de Carreto ex Marchionibus Saonæ et eius nepotes ac alii de suo genere et affines, videlicet domini Karolus, et Georgius, Conradus et eius fratres de Carreto, Thomas Malaspina et eius frater, dominus Bartholomeus de Auria cum suis” regarding their allegiance to Genoa[1247].

I. MARCHESI di SAVONA

GIACOMO di Caretto, son of ENRICO [II] Marchese di Caretto & his second wife Agatha --- (Finale 1220-before 21 Oct 1268). Marchese di Savona. "Petrus de Gorrena" wrote to "domino Jacobo marchioni de Saona" about the incarceration of one of his vassals, by charter dated 20 Apr 1242[1248]. "Dominus Jacobus de Carreto marchio Saone" donated property to Santa Maria di Casanova by charter dated 8 Mar 1245[1249]. "Dominus Jacobus de Carreto marchio Sauone filius condam domini Henrici de Carreto marchionis" donated property to Staffarda monastery by charter dated 5 Dec 1246[1250]. Marchese di Noli e Finale. Imperial Vicar of Northern Italy 1248, Marchese di Novello, Monchiero, Lequio e Saliceto 1251. A charter dated 18 Feb 1251 records an agreement of the commune of Genoa which refers to the damage caused by "Jacobum de Carreto"[1251]. The testament of "Bonefacius Montisferrati marchio", dated 12 Jun 1253, appoints "dominam Margaritam comitissam uxorem mea matrem ipsius Guilelmini et dominum comitem de Sabaldia et dominum Tomam de Sabaldia fratrem suum et Dalfinum de Vianesio et dominum Jacobum de Careto et dominum Georgium et dominum Manuellem de Ceva et Bastardinum de Monteferrato" as guardians of his son[1252]. A charter dated 14 Nov 1256 records an agreement between the people of "Montisregalis" and "Jacobum de Carretto marchionum Savoæ"[1253].

m firstly CARACOSA Doria, daughter of ---.

m secondly (1247) as her second husband, CATERINA da Marano, widow of ---, illegitimate daughter of Emperor FRIEDRICH II & his mistress --- ([1216/18]-after 1272).

Marchese Giacomo & his second wife had five children:

1. CORRADO di Finale (Finale [1250]-[1316/18]). A charter dated 21 Oct 1268 records the division of property between "D. Conradus de Carreto filius q. D. Jacobi de Carreto Marchionis Savonæ…DD. Henrici et Antonii fratrum prædicti D. Conradi"[1254]. Titular Marchese di Savona. Marchese di Saliceto, Signor di Millesimo, Cengio, Rocchetta, Rocca Vignale, Mallare, Altare, Osiglia e Gottasecca, Consignore di Cosseria, Cairo, Paschiera, Bagnasco, Ferrania, Fornelli e Carcare 21 Oct 1268. A charter dated Aug 1276 records the division of property between "D.D. Conradus, Henricus et Antonius de Carreto M.M. Savonæ"[1255]. m firstly ([1290]) ALOISIA, daughter of ---. m secondly ([1310]) ELEONORA di Saluzzo, daughter of TOMMASO I Marchese di Saluzzo & his wife Aloisia di Ceva (1265-after 1315).

2. AURELIA (Finale 1254-Genoa 1307). Charles I King of Sicily approved the marriage between “Corrado et Henrico de Carretto marchionibus Saone...una sorore vestra” and “Francischino de Grimaldis” by charter dated 14 Aug 1273[1256]. m (contract [14 Aug 1273], 1281) FRANCESCO Grimaldi, son of --- (-1309).

3. MARGHERITA (Finale 1255-Bra 1301). m (1280) GIOVANNI di Brayda Signor di Bra, Sanfre, Ronsecco e Piobesi, son of --- (-Bra 1309).

4. ENRICO (-after 1276). A charter dated 21 Oct 1268 records the division of property between "D. Conradus de Carreto filius q. D. Jacobi de Carreto Marchionis Savonæ…DD. Henrici et Antonii fratrum prædicti D. Conradi"[1257]. His parentage is confirmed by the marriage contract between "dominus Thomas marchio Saluciarum…Elyenor filie" and "Henrico de Carretto filio…condam domini Jacobi marchionis de Carretto", dated 1 Feb 1276[1258]. A charter dated Aug 1276 records the division of property between "D.D. Conradus, Henricus et Antonius de Carreto M.M. Savonæ"[1259]. Marchese di Novello and of land in Valle Bormida. Ancestor of the line of NOVELLO. Betrothed (1 Feb 1276) to ELEONORA di Saluzzo, daughter of TOMMASO I Marchese di Saluzzo & his wife Aloisia di Ceva (1265-after 1315). The marriage contract between "dominus Thomas marchio Saluciarum…Elyenor filie" and "Henrico de Carretto filio…condam domini Jacobi marchionis de Carretto" is dated 1 Feb 1276[1260].

5. ANTONIO [I] (Finale 1260-Finale 1313). A charter dated 21 Oct 1268 records the division of property between "D. Conradus de Carreto filius q. D. Jacobi de Carreto Marchionis Savonæ…DD. Henrici et Antonii fratrum prædicti D. Conradi"[1261]. A charter dated Aug 1276 records the division of property between "D.D. Conradus, Henricus et Antonius de Carreto M.M. Savonæ"[1262]. Marchese di Noli e Finale. m AGNESE Valperga, daughter of PIETRO Valperga Conte di Masino & his wife ---. Marchese Antonio [I] & his wife had four children:

a) GIORGIO (Finale [1280]-Finale [1359]). Marchese di Noli e Finale. m (1320) LEONORA [Venezia/Valentina] Fieschi, daughter of FEDERIGO Fieschi, & his wife --- (Genoa [1305]-Finale 1361). Marchese Giorgio & his wife had five children:

i) LAZARINO (-end May 1393). A charter dated 20 Mar 1385 records a dispute between the commune of Genoa and “dominos Lazarinum et Karolum marchiones de Carreto natos quondam domini Georgiii...et vice Georgini nepotis ipsorum nati quondam domini Enriceti...et...dominum Manuelem marchionem de Cravexana filium quondam domini Frederici et domum Iohannem de Saluciis marchionem de Cravexana...dominos Georginum Guiraldum Cristoforum et Iacobum marchiones de Ceva...dominus Guillelmus marchio Ceve miles filius domini Georgini procurator...dominorum Manuelis et Antonii marchionum de Carreto” concerning their fiefs, and a settlement agreed by “dominis Manuele de Carreto quondam domini Enrici et Anthonio filio quondam domini Alarami de Carreto nepote dicti domini Manuelis...cum filiis et heredibus quondam Enriceti marchionis de Carreto fratris ipsorum dominorum Lazarini et Carolli...cum dominis Manuel marchione de Cravexana quondam domini Frederici et Iohanne de Saluciis marchione Cravexane” and by “dominus Carolus de Carreto ex marchionibus Saone...et...Lazarinum de Carreto marchionem Saone fratrem suum...”, by charter dated 13 Jan 1385[1263]. Marchese di Noli e Finale: “Dominorum Manuelis quondam domini Enrici et Antonii filii quondam domini Alerami marchionum de Carreto...marchiones Savone et Cravexane”, implementing an arbitration dated 16 Apr 1385, exchanged “dimidia marchionatiis Cravexane” for “medietatem...castrorum Finarii” with “dominum Manuelem quondam domini Frederici marchionis de Cravexana” by charter dated 19 Apr 1385[1264], and transferred the interest in Finali to “dominis Lazarino et Carolo marchionibus de Carreto” by charter dated 20 Apr 1385[1265]. “Dominum Lazarinum marchioniem de Carreto” bought his share in “castri...Finarii” from “dominum Karolum...frat[rem suum]” by charter dated 13 Apr 1390[1266]. m MARIETTA, daughter of ---. A charter dated 24 May 1395 reviews longstanding disputes relating to “Castrumfranchum” between the commune of Genoa, including with “dominam Marietam uxorem quondam dicti domini Lazarini ac dominum Lazarinum natum ipsius et dicti quondam domini Lazarini, nec non dominum Georginum natum quondam domini Enrici marchionis de Carreto”, and reproduces a document dated 7 Aug 1394 (“domina Marieta de Carreto uxor quondam...militis domini Lazarini de Carreto marchionis Saone tutrix testamentaria Nicolai Antonii et Lodisii filiorum [ipsius]”)[1267].

- MARCHESI di NOLI e FINALE.

ii) CARLO di Zuccarello (-1421). A charter dated 20 Mar 1385 records a dispute between the commune of Genoa and “dominos Lazarinum et Karolum marchiones de Carreto natos quondam domini Georgiii...et vice Georgini nepotis ipsorum nati quondam domini Enriceti...” concerning their fiefs, and a settlement agreed by “dominus Carolus de Carreto ex marchionibus Saone...et...Lazarinum de Carreto marchionem Saone fratrem suum...”, by charter dated 13 Jan 1385[1268]. “Dominorum Manuelis quondam domini Enrici et Antonii filii quondam domini Alerami marchionum de Carreto...marchiones Savone et Cravexane”, implementing an arbitration dated 16 Apr 1385, exchanged “dimidia marchionatiis Cravexane” for “medietatem...castrorum Finarii” with “dominum Manuelem quondam domini Frederici marchionis de Cravexana” by charter dated 19 Apr 1385[1269], and transferred the interest in Finali to “dominis Lazarino et Carolo marchionibus de Carreto” by charter dated 20 Apr 1385[1270]. “Dominum Lazarinum marchioniem de Carreto” bought his share in “castri...Finarii” from “dominum Karolum...frat[rem suum]” by charter dated 13 Apr 1390[1271]. Marchese di Zuccarello, Signor di Balestrino e Aquila d’Arroscia, Podeste of Genoa. m (1375) POMELLINA Adorno, daughter of GABRIELE Adorno Doge of Genoa & his wife --- (Genoa [1355]-Genoa [1410/11]). They were ancestors of the family of the Marchesi di Zaccarello.

iii) ENRICHETTO (-before 20 Mar 1385). Signor di Calizzano. He is named as deceased in the 20 Mar 1385 charter quoted below. m --- Adorno, from Genoa. Enrichetto & his wife had three children:

(a) GIORGINO (-17 Nov 1428). A charter dated 20 Mar 1385 records a dispute between the commune of Genoa and “dominos Lazarinum et Karolum marchiones de Carreto natos quondam domini Georgiii...et vice Georgini nepotis ipsorum nati quondam domini Enriceti...” concerning their fiefs, and a settlement agreed “...cum filiis et heredibus quondam Enriceti marchionis de Carreto fratris ipsorum dominorum Lazarini et Carolli...” by charter dated 13 Jan 1385[1272]. “Domini Georgini filii quondam domini Enriceti marchionis de Carreto de Finario” swore allegiance to Charles VI King of France by charter dated 27 Jan 1402[1273]. Signor di Calizzano, Santa Giulia e Sassello. m ISABELLA, daughter of [--- Conte Valperga di Caluso]. Giorgino & his wife had five children:

(1) BATTISTINO (-young after 1428).

(2) COSIMO (-young after 1428).

(3) GIOVANNI (-young after 1428).

(4) ENRICHETTO (-young after 1428).

(5) DEIFEBO (-young after 1428).

(b) PIETRO (-1425). Abbot of San Martino della Gallinara, near Albenga.

iv) GIOVANNI (-1387). Knight of the Order of St John at Rhodes. Signor di Morano.

v) ILARIA (-Menton 1368). “Dominus Karolus de Grimaldis miles et dominus Mentoni” granted revenue from “Aquarum Mortuarum”, granted by Philippe VI King of France, to “Raynerium de Grimaldis militem filium emancipatum eiusdem domini Karoli” contracted to marry “Illaria filia domini Georgii de Carreto marchionis Saonie”, noting “dotem domine Ysabelle quondam matris dicti domini Raynerii”, by charter dated 17 Jul 1353[1274]. A charter dated 17 Oct 1357 records “procurator...domini Raynerii de Grimaldis, quondam domini Karoli” transferring “terre Rochebrune” to the commune of Genoa, naming “domine Ilarie uxori dicti domini Rainerii”[1275]. m (contract before 17 Jul 1353) as his first wife, RANIERI [II] Grimaldi Seigneur de Monaco et Menton, son of CARLO [I] Seigneur de Monaco et de Menton & his wife Lucchinetta Spinola (-Menton [8/13] Jun 1407, bur Menton Saint-Michel).

b) ENRICHETTO (Finale 1282-Mombaldone 1337). Marchese di Calizzano, Mombaldone. Ancestor of the family of Mombaldone.

c) ANTONIO (Finale 1284-Palermo 1321). He moved to Sicily in 1306. Barone di Calatabiano e Siculiana. m (1307) COSTANZA di Chiaramonte, daughter of FEDERIGO di Chiaramonte Conte di Recalmuto & his wife ---. Ancestors of the Conti di Recalmuto, extinct 17th century.

d) PIETRO (Finale 1285-Etampes [1331/32]). He moved to Brittany in 1305 where he may have been ancestor of the de Charrette family.

1. MANFREDO . The parents of Manfredo have not been identified but it is likely that he was a member of the Caretto branch of this family. Marchese di Savona Signore di Novello e Sineo. m (contract, 7 Oct 1324, ratified 14 Dec 1325) as her first husband, ALICE de Savoie, daughter of PHILIPPE de Savoie Prince of Achaia & his first wife Isabelle de Villehardouin Pss of Achaia (-1368). The "community of Novello and Sineo" ratified the marriage contract between "Manfreddo di Caretto Marchese di Savona Signore di detti luoghi" and "Alasia figlia di Filippo di Savoia Principe d'Accaja" by charter dated 14 Dec 1325[1276].

2. TOMMASO del Carretto . Marchese di Savona. m ([1 Jul 1332]) CATHERINE de Poitiers, daughter of AYMAR [V] de Poitiers Comte de Valentinois & his second wife Sibylle de Baux (-before 23 Mar 1346). “Catherine de Poitiers fille d’Aimar comte de Valentinois” ceded her paternal and maternal rights of succession to “son frère aîné Louis comte de Valentinois” at the time she was going to marry “Thomas de Carreto marquis de Savone” by charter dated 1 Jul 1332[1277]. The testament of "dominus Aimarus de Pictavia Comes Valentinensis et Diensis", dated 12 Aug 1339, makes bequests to "...Catherinæ filiæ suæ consorti Thomacii Carreto Marquesii Saonensis..."[1278].

The primary source which confirms the parentage of the following two sisters has not been identified, although their family relationship is confirmed by the 4 Feb 1474 testament quoted below.

1. MARGHERITA di Caretto (-after 1474). The testament of Honoré Lascaris Comte de Tende, dated 4 Feb 1474, provided dower for his wife “Margarita del Carretto” whom he appointed as guardian for his son, and paid a debt to “Giacomo de’Grimaldi barone di Boglio su cognato marito di Catterina del Carretto sorella di sua moglie”[1279]. Saige records that “sa veuve Marguerite del Caretto” formally accused Savoy in the poisoning of her husband, by letter to Galeazzo Sforza Duke of Milan[1280]. The date of her marriage is suggested by her husband naming three married daughters in his 4 Feb 1474 testament. m (before [1450/55]?) HONORE Lascaris Comte de Tende, son of ANTOINE Lascaris Comte de Tende & his wife --- (-murdered 5 Feb [1474/75], bur Tende Notre-Dame).

2. CATERINA di Caretto (-after 1474). Her family origin and marriage are confirmed by the following document: the testament of Honoré Lascaris Comte de Tende, dated 4 Feb 1474, provided dower for his wife “Margarita del Carretto” whom he appointed as guardian for his son, and paid a debt to “Giacomo de’Grimaldi barone di Boglio su cognato marito di Catterina del Carretto sorella di sua moglie”[1281]. m JACQUES Grimaldi Baron de Beuil, son of PIERRE Grimaldi Baron de Beuil & his wife Caterina Gattilusio (-1491).

J. MARCHESI di BOSCO

1. UGO (-before 1131). No indication has been found of the parentage of Ugo, although he presumably fits in the early generations of the Marchesi del Vasto (see Chapter 3 of the present document). Marchese. m AGNESE, daughter of ---. "Anselmus Marchio filius b. m. Hugonis Marchionis et Adalasia comitissa filia Ubaldi cum Villelmo et Manfredo ipsorum filiis" founded the monastery of Tilieto "in loco et fundo Boschi" by charter dated 17 Aug 1131 which confirms the consent of "Aledramus seu --- […Berta] atque Alberto uxor matris Agnes"[1282]. Ugo & his wife had [three] children:

a) ANSELMO (-after 17 Aug 1131). Marchese [di Bosco]. "Anselmus Marchio filius b. m. Hugonis Marchionis et Adalasia comitissa filia Ubaldi cum Villelmo et Manfredo ipsorum filiis" founded the monastery of Tilieto "in loco et fundo Boschi" by charter dated 17 Aug 1131 "per viam inter Occimianum et Fraxenetum"[1283]. The confirmation granted by Pope Innocent II dated 1132 records the foundation of Tilieto by "Azonis Aquensi episcopi et fratris eius…Ansermi Marchionis…et matre sua nec non fratribus, filiis et uxoribus suis"[1284]. m ADELASIA, daughter of UBALDO & his wife --- (-after 17 Aug 1131). "Anselmus Marchio filius b. m. Hugonis Marchionis et Adalasia comitissa filia Ubaldi cum Villelmo et Manfredo ipsorum filiis" founded the monastery of Tilieto "in loco et fundo Boschi" by charter dated 17 Aug 1131 "per viam inter Occimianum et Fraxenetum"[1285]. Anselmo & his wife had two children:

i) GUGLIELMO (-after 2 Aug 1152). "Anselmus Marchio filius b. m. Hugonis Marchionis et Adalasia comitissa filia Ubaldi cum Villelmo et Manfredo ipsorum filiis" founded the monastery of Tilieto "in loco et fundo Boschi" by charter dated 17 Aug 1131 "per viam inter Occimianum et Fraxenetum"[1286]. Marchese di Bosco. "Manfredus filius quondam Anselmi et Gullielmus eiusdem Anselmi filius ambo marchiones de Bosco" donated property to "Gamundiensi populo" by charter dated 2 Aug 1152[1287].

- see below.

ii) MANFREDO (-before 10 Aug 1152). "Anselmus Marchio filius b. m. Hugonis Marchionis et Adalasia comitissa filia Ubaldi cum Villelmo et Manfredo ipsorum filiis" founded the monastery of Tilieto "in loco et fundo Boschi" by charter dated 17 Aug 1131 "per viam inter Occimianum et Fraxenetum"[1288]. Marchese di Bosco. "Manfredus filius quondam Anselmi et Gullielmus eiusdem Anselmi filius ambo marchiones de Bosco" donated property to "Gamundiensi populo" by charter dated 2 Aug 1152[1289]. m ---. The name of Manfredo´s wife is not known. Manfredo & his wife had one child:

(a) ENRICO (-after 10 Aug 1152). Marchese. "Henricus Marchio filius quondam Manfredonis qui et Marchio…cum filiis suis Manfredo, Henrico atque Ugolino" donated property "in comitatu Auriadensi" to the canons of Romanisio by charter dated 10 Aug 1152[1290]. m ---. The name of Enrico´s wife is not known. Enrico & his wife had three children:

(1) MANFREDO . Marchese. "Henricus Marchio filius quondam Manfredonis qui et Marchio…cum filiis suis Manfredo, Henrico atque Ugolino" donated property "in comitatu Auriadensi" to the canons of Romanisio by charter dated 10 Aug 1152[1291].

(2) ENRICO . Marchese. "Henricus Marchio filius quondam Manfredonis qui et Marchio…cum filiis suis Manfredo, Henrico atque Ugolino" donated property "in comitatu Auriadensi" to the canons of Romanisio by charter dated 10 Aug 1152[1292]. Emperor Friedrich II invested "Marchio Henricus" with "Marchia Guidonis", and if he died without heirs "fratri suo Ugolino", by charter dated 23 Apr 1157[1293].

(3) UGOLINO . Marchese. "Henricus Marchio filius quondam Manfredonis qui et Marchio…cum filiis suis Manfredo, Henrico atque Ugolino" donated property "in comitatu Auriadensi" to the canons of Romanisio by charter dated 10 Aug 1152[1294].

b) AZZO (-after 1132). Bishop of Acqui. The confirmation granted by Pope Innocent II dated 1132 records the foundation of Tilieto by "Azonis Aquensi episcopi et fratris eius…Ansermi Marchionis"[1295].

c) [ALERAMO (-after 17 Aug 1131). "Anselmus Marchio filius b. m. Hugonis Marchionis et Adalasia comitissa filia Ubaldi cum Villelmo et Manfredo ipsorum filiis" founded the monastery of Tilieto "in loco et fundo Boschi" by charter dated 17 Aug 1131 which states the boundaries of the property "ex una parte Aledramus Marchio, ex alia parte Vermus…", and confirms the consent of "Aledramus seu --- […Berta] atque Alberto uxor matris Agnes"[1296]. It is assumed that Aleramo was another brother of Anselmo but this is not stated explicitly in the document. The hypothesis appears to be corroborated by the confirmation granted by Pope Innocent II dated 1132 which records the foundation of Tilieto by "Azonis Aquensi episcopi et fratris eius…Ansermi Marchionis…et matre sua nec non fratribus, filiis et uxoribus suis"[1297].] same person as…? ALERAMO [Marchese di Ponzono] . No proof has been found of this co-identity except that the family of the Marchesi di Ponzono were clearly related to the Aleramici dynasty and no other Marchese Aleramo has been identified at that time.

- MARCHESI di PONZONO.

d) [GUGLIELMO (-after 17 Aug 1131). "Anselmus Marchio filius b. m. Hugonis Marchionis et Adalasia comitissa filia Ubaldi cum Villelmo et Manfredo ipsorum filiis" founded the monastery of Tilieto "in loco et fundo Boschi" by charter dated 17 Aug 1131 which states the boundaries of the property "ex una parte Aledramus Marchio, ex alia parte Vermus…", and confirms the consent of "Aledramus seu --- […Berta] atque Alberto uxor matris Agnes"[1298]. It is possible that Guglielmo was another brother of Anselmo but this is not stated in the document. The hypothesis appears to be corroborated by the confirmation granted by Pope Innocent II dated 1132 which records the foundation of Tilieto by "Azonis Aquensi episcopi et fratris eius…Ansermi Marchionis…et matre sua nec non fratribus, filiis et uxoribus suis"[1299].]

GUGLIELMO, son of ANSELMO Marchese [di Bosco] & his wife Adelasia --- (-after 2 Aug 1152). "Anselmus Marchio filius b. m. Hugonis Marchionis et Adalasia comitissa filia Ubaldi cum Villelmo et Manfredo ipsorum filiis" founded the monastery of Tilieto "in loco et fundo Boschi" by charter dated 17 Aug 1131 "per viam inter Occimianum et Fraxenetum"[1300]. Marchese di Bosco. "Manfredus filius quondam Anselmi et Gullielmus eiusdem Anselmi filius ambo marchiones de Bosco" donated property to "Gamundiensi populo" by charter dated 2 Aug 1152[1301].

m ---. The name of Guglielmo´s wife is not known.

Guglielmo & his wife had three children:

1. ANSELMO (-after 28 Oct 1191). Marchese di Bosco. A charter dated Nov 1180 records an agreement between the people of Alessandria and "Marchiones de Bosco…Dominum Anselmum, Dalfinum et Ardizonem filios quondam Domini Vermi item Marchionis de Bosco"[1302]. A charter dated 28 Oct 1191 records an agreement between the people of Alessandria and "domini castri de Rivalta de valle Burmiæ" vassals of "Marchionibus de Bosco…Anselmo et Delfino"[1303].

2. DELFINO (-after 3 Oct 1210). Marchese di Bosco. A charter dated Nov 1180 records an agreement between the people of Alessandria and "Marchiones de Bosco…Dominum Anselmum, Dalfinum et Ardizonem filios quondam Domini Vermi item Marchionis de Bosco"[1304]. A charter dated 28 Oct 1191 records an agreement between the people of Alessandria and "domini castri de Rivalta de valle Burmiæ" vassals of "Marchionibus de Bosco…Anselmo et Delfino"[1305]. The people of Monteclaro swore homage to "præcepto D. Delphini marchionis Domini eorum et D. Joannæ uxori eius" by charter dated 3 Oct 1210[1306]. m GIOVANNA, daughter of --- (-after 3 Oct 1210). The people of Monteclaro swore homage to "præcepto D. Delphini marchionis Domini eorum et D. Joannæ uxori eius" by charter dated 3 Oct 1210[1307].

3. ARDICCIO (-after Nov 1180). Marchese di Bosco. A charter dated Nov 1180 records an agreement between the people of Alessandria and "Marchiones de Bosco…Dominum Anselmum, Dalfinum et Ardizonem filios quondam Domini Vermi item Marchionis de Bosco"[1308].

1. ELENA di Bosco (-after 1179). The Chronica Jacobi de Aquis, dated to 1334, names "la figliola del Marchese del Bosco" as the first wife of "Bonifacio"[1309]. The primary source which confirms her name and the name of her father has not yet been identified. 1179. She may have been a sister of Anselmo Marchese di Bosco, although this must remain speculative as so little definite information is known about the chronology of the births of the members of this family. m (before 1171) as his first wife, BONIFAZIO di Monferrato, son of GUGLIELMO V "il Vecchio" Marchese di Monferrato & his wife Judith of Austria [Babenberg] (1150-killed in battle 4 Sep 1207). He succeeded his brother in 1192 as BONIFAZIO I Marchese di Monferrato.

1. GUGLIELMO (-after 11 Feb 1197). Marchese di Bosco. "Ubertus comes de Biandra, Mainfredus marchio de Busca, Vilielmus marchio de Bosco…" witnessed a charter dated 11 Feb 1197 under which "Mainfredus II marchio Salutiarum" decided a dispute between Bonifazio Marchese di Monferrato and the consuls of Asti[1310].

It is assumed that the following two brothers were sons of one of the brothers Anselmo, Delfino or Ardiccio, sons of Guglielmo Marchese di Bosco, but no primary source has yet been identified which specifies their parentage exactly.

1. OTTONE (-after 3 Dec 1229). "…Ottone de Bosco…" witnessed the charter dated 21 Aug 1203 which records an agreement between Guglielmo Marchese di Monferrato and the city of Alexandria[1311]. Marchese di Bosco. The commune of Terdona returned property to "D. Othoni marchioni de Bosco" by charter dated 7 Feb 1206[1312]. "D. Otho marchio de Bosco" sold Puzzole to the commune of Terdona by charter dated 1 Nov 1210[1313]. A charter dated 1212 records the position taken by "D. Otto marchio de Bosco" in a dispute with Alessandria concerning "villam et locum Boschi", recording that he had succeeded "Henricus de Ponzono…D. Poncius de Ponzono" in certain land[1314]. A charter dated 29 Dec 1217 records a dispute between “Henrico de Uxecio marchioni” and “Ottonem marchionem de Bosco...et filios ipsius Ottonis et nepotes suos filios quondam Bonifacii de Bosco” concerning “castrum...Pereti”[1315]. The Commune of Genoa invested "Othoni Marchioni de Bosco et Wilelmo filio vestro et Manfredo et Corrado fratribus filiis q. Bonifacii nepotis vestri" with property by charter dated 7 Jul 1224[1316]. "Dominus Otto de Bosco" arbitrated a dispute involving the priory of Santa Maria di Rivello by charter dated 3 Dec 1229[1317]. m ---. The name of Ottone´s wife is not known. Ottone & his wife had three children:

a) TURCO . "D. Turcus et D. Albertus filii D. Othonis de Bosco" confirmed their father´s sale of Puzzole to the commune of Terdona by charter dated 8 Nov 1210[1318].

b) ALBERTO . "D. Turcus et D. Albertus filii D. Othonis de Bosco" confirmed their father´s sale of Puzzole to the commune of Terdona by charter dated 8 Nov 1210[1319].

c) GUGLIELMO (-after 2 May 1252). The Commune of Genoa invested "Othoni Marchioni de Bosco et Wilelmo filio vestro et Manfredo et Corrado fratribus filiis q. Bonifacii nepotis vestri" with property by charter dated 7 Jul 1224[1320]. Marchese di Bosco. "D. Willelmus marchio de Bosco" appointed "Ugo de Russilione" as his proxy for "castri Murasaschi" by charter dated 8 Feb 1228[1321]. "D. Willelmus et D. Ma--- et D. Conradus marchiones de Bosco" confirmed a sale of vines to Santa Maria di Banno, made by "D. Otto Rana et Willelmus eius filius" by charter dated 5 Dec 1235, by charter dated 12 Dec 1235[1322]. The commune of Genoa renewed their alliance with “Guillielmum [...pro dimidia] Manfredum et Conradum [...pro alia dimidia] marchiones de Bosco” by charter dated 2 May 1252[1323]. m ---. The name of Guglielmo´s wife is not known. Guglielmo & his wife had one child:

i) AGNESE di Bosco . The Chronica Jacobi de Aquis, dated to 1334, records that "Agnes filia D. Gullielmi de Bosco de stirpe Bonifacii filii filiorum Alerami" married "D. Fredericus Malaspina de Lurizana"[1324]. m FEDERIGO Malaspina di Lurizana, son of ---.

- MARCHESI di BOSCO (MALASPINA).

2. BONIFAZIO (-before 29 Dec 1217). He is named deceased in the 29 Dec 1217 charter quoted below. m ---. The name of Bonifazio´s wife is not known. Bonifazio & his wife had two children:

a) MANFREDO (-after 2 May 1252). A charter dated 29 Dec 1217 records a dispute between “Henrico de Uxecio marchioni” and “Ottonem marchionem de Bosco...et filios ipsius Ottonis et nepotes suos filios quondam Bonifacii de Bosco” concerning “castrum...Pereti”[1325]. The Commune of Genoa invested "Othoni Marchioni de Bosco et Wilelmo filio vestro et Manfredo et Corrado fratribus filiis q. Bonifacii nepotis vestri" with property by charter dated 7 Jul 1224[1326]. Marchese di Bosco. "D. Willelmus et D. Ma--- et D. Conradus marchiones de Bosco" confirmed a sale of vines to Santa Maria di Banno, made by "D. Otto Rana et Willelmus eius filius" by charter dated 5 Dec 1235, by charter dated 12 Dec 1235[1327]. The commune of Genoa renewed their alliance with “Guillielmum [...pro dimidia] Manfredum et Conradum [...pro alia dimidia] marchiones de Bosco” by charter dated 2 May 1252[1328]. m ---. The name of Manfredo´s wife is not known. Manfredo & his wife had three children:

i) LANZELOTO (-after 23 May 1283). Marchese di Bosco. “Lanzalotus marchio de Bosco filius quondam domini Manfredi marchionis de Bosco” sold shares in “Uuade castri...” to the commune of Genoa by charter dated 11 May 1293[1329]. "Nos frater Jacobus de Bosco et Ugo fratres filii quondam domini Manfredi Marchionis de Bosco" confirmed the sale of property to "Lanzalotum fratrem" by charter dated 23 May 1293, in the court of "domini Lanzaloti Marchionis de Bosco"[1330].

ii) GIACOPO (-after 23 May 1293). "Nos frater Jacobus de Bosco et Ugo fratres filii quondam domini Manfredi Marchionis de Bosco" confirmed the sale of property to "Lanzalotum fratrem" by charter dated 23 May 1293, in the court of "domini Lanzaloti Marchionis de Bosco"[1331].

iii) UGO (-after 23 May 1293). "Nos frater Jacobus de Bosco et Ugo fratres filii quondam domini Manfredi Marchionis de Bosco" confirmed the sale of property to "Lanzalotum fratrem" by charter dated 23 May 1293, in the court of "domini Lanzaloti Marchionis de Bosco"[1332].

b) CORRADO (-after 2 May 1252). The Commune of Genoa invested "Othoni Marchioni de Bosco et Wilelmo filio vestro et Manfredo et Corrado fratribus filiis q. Bonifacii nepotis vestri" with property by charter dated 7 Jul 1224[1333]. Marchese di Bosco. "D. Willelmus et D. Ma--- et D. Conradus marchiones de Bosco" confirmed a sale of vines to Santa Maria di Banno, made by "D. Otto Rana et Willelmus eius filius" by charter dated 5 Dec 1235, by charter dated 12 Dec 1235[1334]. The commune of Genoa renewed their alliance with “Guillielmum [...pro dimidia] Manfredum et Conradum [...pro alia dimidia] marchiones de Bosco” by charter dated 2 May 1252[1335]. m ---. The name of Corrado’s wife is not known. Corrado & his wife had two children:

i) LEO (-before 24 Feb 1289). Marchese di Bosco. He is named deceased in the 24 Feb 1289 charter quoted below.

ii) ENRICO (-[15 May 1267/1288]). His parentage is confirmed by the 5 Jul 1289 charter quoted below which names his daughter “domine Guerrerie uxoris mee filie et heredis quondam domini Enrici marchionis de Boscho filii quondam domini Conradi marchionis de Boscho”. Marchese di Bosco. “Dominus Henricus marchio de Bosco”, in the presence of “Bonifacii marchionis de Carreto”, emancipated “Guerreriam filiam suam” and gave her “medietatem medietatis pro indiviso castri de Molariis...castri Uxecii...medietatem pro indiviso inter se et fratrem suum Guaghe...” by charter dated 15 May 1267[1336]. He is named as deceased in the 1288 charter quoted below. m ---. The name of Enrico´s wife is not known. Enrico & his wife had one child:

(a) GUERRERA di Bosco (-after 5 Jul 1289). “Dominus Henricus marchio de Bosco”, in the presence of “Bonifacii marchionis de Carreto”, emancipated “Guerreriam filiam suam” and gave her “medietatem medietatis pro indiviso castri de Molariis...castri Uxecii...medietatem pro indiviso inter se et fratrem suum Guaghe...” by charter dated 15 May 1267[1337]. "D. Guerrera filia et hærede quondam Henrigaccii de Bosco et uxore Leonis Marchionis de Ponzono" sold property by charter dated 1288[1338]. "Domina Guerreria uxor domini Leonis Marchionis de Ponzono et filia quondam domini Enrici Marchionis de Bosco et hæres ipsius domini Enrici ac etiam hæres…pro dimidia quondam domini Leonis Marchionis de Bosco patrui sui" confirmed the sale of property to the commune of Genoa made by "dictum dominum Leonem virum suum" by charter dated 24 Feb 1289[1339]. “Leo marchio de Ponzono procurator domine Guerrerie uxoris mee filie et heredis quondam domini Enrici marchionis de Boscho filii quondam domini Conradi marchionis de Boscho et heredis...pro dimidia quondam domini Leonis fratris quondam domini Enrici predicti” ceded shares in “castri...Ouade” to the commune of Genoa by charter dated 5 Jul 1289[1340]. m LEO Marchese di Ponzono, son of EMMANUELE Marchese di Ponzono & his wife ---.

K. MARCHESI di BOSCO (MALASPINA)

FEDERIGO Malaspina di Lurizana, son of --- .

m AGNESE di Bosco, daughter of GUGLIELMO Marchese di Bosco & his wife ---. The Chronica Jacobi de Aquis, dated to 1334, records that "Agnes filia D. Gullielmi de Bosco de stirpe Bonifacii filii filiorum Alerami" married "D. Fredericus Malaspina de Lurizana"[1341].

Federigo & his wife had one child:

1. TOMMASO Malaspina . The Chronica Jacobi de Aquis, dated to 1334, names "Thomas Malaspina" as the son of "D. Fredericus Malaspina de Lurizana" and his wife[1342]. m ---. The name of Tommaso´s wife is not known. Tommaso & his wife had children:

a) ISNARDO Malaspina . The Chronica Jacobi de Aquis, dated to 1334, names "Isnardus, Odonus, Conradus, Fredericus et Gulielmus" as the sons of "Thomas Malaspina", son of "D. Fredericus Malaspina de Lurizana", adding that "Isnardus…tenuit marchionatum"[1343]. Marchese di Bosco. m ---. The name of Isnardo´s wife is not known. Isnardo & his wife had children:

i) ANTONIO Malaspina . The Chronica Jacobi de Aquis, dated to 1334, records that "Isnardus", son of "Thomas Malaspina", "genuit filios et filias…suus primogenitus est Antonius"[1344].

b) OTTONE Malaspina (-before 1334). The Chronica Jacobi de Aquis, dated to 1334, names "Isnardus, Odonus, Conradus, Fredericus et Gulielmus" as the sons of "Thomas Malaspina", son of "D. Fredericus Malaspina de Lurizana", adding that Ottone died "monacus S. Benedicti"[1345].

c) CORRADO Malaspina . The Chronica Jacobi de Aquis, dated to 1334, names "Isnardus, Odonus, Conradus, Fredericus et Gulielmus" as the sons of "Thomas Malaspina", son of "D. Fredericus Malaspina de Lurizana", adding that "Conradus et Fridericus sunt milites hospitalis S. Johannis"[1346].

d) FEDERIGO Malaspina . The Chronica Jacobi de Aquis, dated to 1334, names "Isnardus, Odonus, Conradus, Fredericus et Gulielmus" as the sons of "Thomas Malaspina", son of "D. Fredericus Malaspina de Lurizana", adding that "Conradus et Fridericus sunt milites hospitalis S. Johannis"[1347].

e) GUGLIELMO Malaspina . The Chronica Jacobi de Aquis, dated to 1334, names "Isnardus, Odonus, Conradus, Fredericus et Gulielmus" as the sons of "Thomas Malaspina", son of "D. Fredericus Malaspina de Lurizana", adding that Guglielmo was "de ordine S. Domini Fr. Præd"[1348].

f) MARGHERITA Malaspina . The Chronica Jacobi de Aquis, dated to 1334, names "duæ filiæ Margaritam et Elisabet" as the daughters of "Thomas Malaspina", son of "D. Fredericus Malaspina de Lurizana", adding that Margherita married "Manfredini de Carreto et multos ipsa genuit"[1349]. m MANFREDO Marchese di Caretto, son of OTTONE Marchese di Caretto & his wife ---.

g) ISABELLA Malaspina . The Chronica Jacobi de Aquis, dated to 1334, names "duæ filiæ Margaritam et Elisabet" as the daughters of "Thomas Malaspina", son of "D. Fredericus Malaspina de Lurizana", adding that Isabella married "Ricardini de Lomello comitum"[1350]. m RICCARDO Conte di Lomello, son of ---.

L. MARCHESI di INCISA

ALBERTO, son of BONIFAZIO Marchese & his wife --- (-before 1189). Marchese di Incisa. "Adalasia filia quondam Adarati de Cerrei" donated property to "domino Alberto Marchionis de Incisa filio quondam Bonifacii" by charter dated Jul 1161[1351]. "Bonifacius filius quondam Ogierius" sold property to "Albertus Marchio" by charter dated 1173 at Incisa[1352].

m DOMICELLA, daughter of BERNARDO Marchese di Rocchetta & his wife --- (-after Dec 1190). Heiress of Rocchetta. The Annals of Ottobono record that "Donexella uxor quondam Alberti marchionis de Incisa et filii eius" were captured by the consuls of Genoa in 1188/89[1353]. "Damicella quondam uxor Alberti Marchionis Incisæ, tutrix Jacobi et Pagani et Margaritæ filiorum suorum" and "Albertus et Gulielmus et Raymondus nec non Damicella et Berta filii et filiæ quondam Alberti Marchionis Incisæ" donated "castro et villa…Rupeculæ et castro et villa…de Montaldi" to the consuls of Asti by charter dated Dec 1190[1354].

Alberto & his wife had [ten] children:

1. ALBERTO (-after Dec 1190). "Damicella quondam uxor Alberti Marchionis Incisæ, tutrix Jacobi et Pagani et Margaritæ filiorum suorum" and "Albertus et Gulielmus et Manfredus et Raymondus nec non Damicella et Berta filii et filiæ quondam Alberti Marchionis Incisæ" donated "castro et villa…Rupeculæ et castro et villa…de Montaldi" to the consuls of Asti by charter dated Dec 1190[1355].

2. [son (-before 24 Jan 1204). "Domini Guillelmi marchionis Montisferrati" granted property to "filiorum condam domini Alberti Hencise marchionis…domini Guillelmi, Raimundi et Jacobi, et Henrici eorum nepotis" by charter dated 24 Jan 1204[1356].] It is possible that this unnamed son is Alberto who is named above.. m ---. One child:

a) ENRICO (-after Oct 1210). A charter dated end-Dec 1203 records the division of "castrum Incisiæ cum…Castronovo et Bergamasco et Carentino et Ceredo et Vallibus…" between "dominus Gullielmus Marchio Incisiæ, D. Manfredus, Raymundus, Paganus et Jacobus fratres eius…cum Henrico…nepote suo"[1357]. "Domini Guillelmi marchionis Montisferrati" granted property to "filiorum condam domini Alberti Hencise marchionis…domini Guillelmi, Raimundi et Jacobi, et Henrici eorum nepotis" by charter dated 24 Jan 1204[1358]. A charter dated Oct 1210 records an agreement for division of properties between "Dominus Henricus de Incisa" and "Dominum Gullielmum, Manfredum, Raymondem, Paganum et Jacobum fratres…patruos suos"[1359].

3. GUGLIELMO (-after Oct 1210). "Damicella quondam uxor Alberti Marchionis Incisæ, tutrix Jacobi et Pagani et Margaritæ filiorum suorum" and "Albertus et Gulielmus et Manfredus et Raymondus nec non Damicella et Berta filii et filiæ quondam Alberti Marchionis Incisæ" donated "castro et villa…Rupeculæ et castro et villa…de Montaldi" to the consuls of Asti by charter dated Dec 1190[1360]. A charter dated end-Dec 1203 records the division of "castrum Incisiæ cum…Castronovo et Bergamasco et Carentino et Ceredo et Vallibus…" between "dominus Gullielmus Marchio Incisiæ, D. Manfredus, Raymundus, Paganus et Jacobus fratres eius…cum Henrico…nepote suo"[1361]. "Domini Guillelmi marchionis Montisferrati" granted property to "filiorum condam domini Alberti Hencise marchionis…domini Guillelmi, Raimundi et Jacobi, et Henrici eorum nepotis" by charter dated 24 Jan 1204[1362]. A charter dated Oct 1210 records an agreement for division of properties between "Dominus Henricus de Incisa" and "Dominum Gullielmum, Manfredum, Raymondem, Paganum et Jacobum fratres…patruos suos"[1363]. m (before Dec 1190) ALASIA, daughter of ---. "Damicella quondam uxor Alberti Marchionis Incisæ, tutrix Jacobi et Pagani et Margaritæ filiorum suorum" and "Albertus et Gulielmus et Manfredus et Raymondus nec non Damicella et Berta filii et filiæ quondam Alberti Marchionis Incisæ" donated "castro et villa…Rupeculæ et castro et villa…de Montaldi" to the consuls of Asti, confirmed by "Alaxia uxor Gulielmi Marchionis", by charter dated Dec 1190[1364].

4. MANFREDO (-after Oct 1210). "Damicella quondam uxor Alberti Marchionis Incisæ, tutrix Jacobi et Pagani et Margaritæ filiorum suorum" and "Albertus et Gulielmus et Manfredus et Raymondus nec non Damicella et Berta filii et filiæ quondam Alberti Marchionis Incisæ" donated "castro et villa…Rupeculæ et castro et villa…de Montaldi" to the consuls of Asti by charter dated Dec 1190[1365]. A charter dated end-Dec 1203 records the division of "castrum Incisiæ cum…Castronovo et Bergamasco et Carentino et Ceredo et Vallibus…" between "dominus Gullielmus Marchio Incisiæ, D. Manfredus, Raymundus, Paganus et Jacobus fratres eius…cum Henrico…nepote suo", under which Manfredo and Pagano took "castrum Rupeculæ…castrum Montaldi" and "dotium matris suæ Damicellæ"[1366]. The charter dated 24 Jan 1204, under which "domini Guillelmi marchionis Montisferrati" granted property to "filiorum condam domini Alberti Hencise marchionis…domini Guillelmi, Raimundi et Jacobi, et Henrici eorum nepotis", states that if "dominus Mainfredus et Paganus filii condam domini Alberti marchionis" swore allegiance they would be granted similar rights[1367]. "D. Gullielmus Rabia potestas Ast nomine communis de Aste" invested "D. Manfredum Marchionem de Incisæ et D. Opicionem fratrem eius qui Paganus vocatur" with property by charter dated 12 Sep 1210[1368]. A charter dated Oct 1210 records an agreement for division of properties between "Dominus Henricus de Incisa" and "Dominum Gullielmum, Manfredum, Raymondem, Paganum et Jacobum fratres…patruos suos"[1369]. m ---. The name of Manfredo´s wife is not known. Manfredo & his wife had one child:

a) ENRICO (-after 22 Mar 1257). "Henricus Marchio de Rocheta filius quondam domini Manfredi" swore allegiance to the commune of Asti by charter dated 22 Mar 1257[1370]. m ---. The name of Enrico´s wife is not known. Enrico & his wife had one child:

i) PAGANO (-after 13 Mar 1291). "Dominus Paganus filius et heres D. Henrici Marchionis de Rochetta" swore allegiance to the commune of Asti by charter dated 13 Mar 1291[1371].

5. RAIMONDO (-after Oct 1210). "Damicella quondam uxor Alberti Marchionis Incisæ, tutrix Jacobi et Pagani et Margaritæ filiorum suorum" and "Albertus et Gulielmus et Manfredus et Raymondus nec non Damicella et Berta filii et filiæ quondam Alberti Marchionis Incisæ" donated "castro et villa…Rupeculæ et castro et villa…de Montaldi" to the consuls of Asti by charter dated Dec 1190[1372]. A charter dated end-Dec 1203 records the division of "castrum Incisiæ cum…Castronovo et Bergamasco et Carentino et Ceredo et Vallibus…" between "dominus Gullielmus Marchio Incisiæ, D. Manfredus, Raymundus, Paganus et Jacobus fratres eius…cum Henrico…nepote suo"[1373]. "Domini Guillelmi marchionis Montisferrati" granted property to "filiorum condam domini Alberti Hencise marchionis…domini Guillelmi, Raimundi et Jacobi, et Henrici eorum nepotis" by charter dated 24 Jan 1204[1374]. "Domino Raymundo Marchioni Incisæ" sold property in "districtu Cerreti" to "Belengerius de Siulfis et Matilda filia quondam Uberti Carenæ de Bridano eius jugales" by charter dated 7 Mar 1204[1375]. A charter dated Oct 1210 records an agreement for division of properties between "Dominus Henricus de Incisa" and "Dominum Gullielmum, Manfredum, Raymondem, Paganum et Jacobum fratres…patruos suos"[1376].

6. DOMICELLA (-after Dec 1190). "Damicella quondam uxor Alberti Marchionis Incisæ, tutrix Jacobi et Pagani et Margaritæ filiorum suorum" and "Albertus et Gulielmus et Manfredus et Raymondus nec non Damicella et Berta filii et filiæ quondam Alberti Marchionis Incisæ" donated "castro et villa…Rupeculæ et castro et villa…de Montaldi" to the consuls of Asti by charter dated Dec 1190[1377].

7. BERTA (-after Dec 1190). "Damicella quondam uxor Alberti Marchionis Incisæ, tutrix Jacobi et Pagani et Margaritæ filiorum suorum" and "Albertus et Gulielmus et Manfredus et Raymondus nec non Damicella et Berta filii et filiæ quondam Alberti Marchionis Incisæ" donated "castro et villa…Rupeculæ et castro et villa…de Montaldi" to the consuls of Asti by charter dated Dec 1190[1378].

8. PAGANO [Obizzo] ([after [1182/84]-after Oct 1210). "Damicella quondam uxor Alberti Marchionis Incisæ, tutrix Jacobi et Pagani et Margaritæ filiorum suorum" and "Albertus et Gulielmus et Manfredus et Raymondus nec non Damicella et Berta filii et filiæ quondam Alberti Marchionis Incisæ" donated "castro et villa…Rupeculæ et castro et villa…de Montaldi" to the consuls of Asti by charter dated Dec 1190[1379]. "Opico et Jacobus filii quondam Alberti de Incisa" donated property to Asti by charter dated 5 Apr 1196[1380]. A charter dated end-Dec 1203 records the division of "castrum Incisiæ cum…Castronovo et Bergamasco et Carentino et Ceredo et Vallibus…" between "dominus Gullielmus Marchio Incisiæ, D. Manfredus, Raymundus, Paganus et Jacobus fratres eius…cum Henrico…nepote suo", under which Manfredo and Pagano took "castrum Rupeculæ…castrum Montaldi" and "dotium matris suæ Damicellæ"[1381]. The charter dated 24 Jan 1204, under which "domini Guillelmi marchionis Montisferrati" granted property to "filiorum condam domini Alberti Hencise marchionis…domini Guillelmi, Raimundi et Jacobi, et Henrici eorum nepotis", states that if "dominus Mainfredus et Paganus filii condam domini Alberti marchionis" swore allegiance they would be granted similar rights[1382]. "D. Gullielmus Rabia potestas Ast nomine communis de Aste" invested "D. Manfredum Marchionem de Incisæ et D. Opicionem fratrem eius qui Paganus vocatur" with property by charter dated 12 Sep 1210[1383]. A charter dated Oct 1210 records an agreement for division of properties between "Dominus Henricus de Incisa" and "Dominum Gullielmum, Manfredum, Raymondem, Paganum et Jacobum fratres…patruos suos"[1384].

9. GIACOPO (after [1180/82]-after Oct 1210). "Damicella quondam uxor Alberti Marchionis Incisæ, tutrix Jacobi et Pagani et Margaritæ filiorum suorum" and "Albertus et Gulielmus et Manfredus et Raymondus nec non Damicella et Berta filii et filiæ quondam Alberti Marchionis Incisæ" donated "castro et villa…Rupeculæ et castro et villa…de Montaldi" to the consuls of Asti by charter dated Dec 1190[1385]. "Opico et Jacobus filii quondam Alberti de Incisa" donated property to Asti by charter dated 5 Apr 1196[1386]. A charter dated end-Dec 1203 records the division of "castrum Incisiæ cum…Castronovo et Bergamasco et Carentino et Ceredo et Vallibus…" between "dominus Gullielmus Marchio Incisiæ, D. Manfredus, Raymundus, Paganus et Jacobus fratres eius…cum Henrico…nepote suo"[1387]. "Domini Guillelmi marchionis Montisferrati" granted property to "filiorum condam domini Alberti Hencise marchionis…domini Guillelmi, Raimundi et Jacobi, et Henrici eorum nepotis" by charter dated 24 Jan 1204[1388]. A charter dated Oct 1210 records an agreement for division of properties between "Dominus Henricus de Incisa" and "Dominum Gullielmum, Manfredum, Raymondem, Paganum et Jacobum fratres…patruos suos"[1389].

10. MARGHERITA (after [1180/85]-after Dec 1190). "Damicella quondam uxor Alberti Marchionis Incisæ, tutrix Jacobi et Pagani et Margaritæ filiorum suorum" and "Albertus et Gulielmus et Manfredus et Raymondus nec non Damicella et Berta filii et filiæ quondam Alberti Marchionis Incisæ" donated "castro et villa…Rupeculæ et castro et villa…de Montaldi" to the consuls of Asti by charter dated Dec 1190[1390].

The following person was probably the granddaughter or great-granddaughter of Bonifazio Marchese di Cortemiglia. This affiliation is indicated by the following document relating to the Pedro II King of Aragon/Marie de Montpellier divorce: a charter dated 28 Jan 1211 (O.S.) records various testimonies, including that of “Dominus B. de Andusia” who swore that six years previously he had heard and believed (“audivit dici VI anni sunt...et...hec ita vera esse credebat”) that “Bonifacius marchio” was father of “Bonifacium et Guillelmum Marchisium et Sibiliam”, that from “Bonifacio” issued [“exivit”] “Marchisia uxor B. de Andusia, qui modo testimonium peribet”[1391]. The last phrase, an unusual use of the verb “pereo/perire”, presumably indicates that “B. de Andusia” was the same as the person swearing the testimony and therefore that Marquise was his wife. Precise estimation of the chronology of the Monferrato/Saluzzo family is difficult, but Bonifazio di Cortemiglia’s birth can be estimated to [1090/1115]. His children’s dates of birth can therefore be estimated very broadly to [1115/50]. With that broad date range, Marquise could have been Bonifazio’s granddaughter or his great-granddaughter. Unfortunately, the verified information on Bonifazio’s descendants (see above) is too limited to speculate sensibly on Marquise’s precise parentage, although it should be borne in mind that her descent from Bonifazio could have been through the female line.

1. MARQUISE [Marchesia] ([1155/65]-after 19 Apr 1210). Documents pertaining to the divorce of Pedro II King of Aragon and Marie de Montpellier note that information on the couple´s consanguinity was obtained from “...domino B. de Andusia et a domino episcopo Cyffricensi fratre eius, et a domina Marchisa eius uxore...”[1392]. Her Marquise’s birth date is estimated from the probable chronology of her children’s lives, assuming that she was the mother of all of Bernard [V]’s children shown below (the doubt about which is discussed in the document TOULOUSE - NORTHERN & EASTERN). Marquise, her husband and children were named in a series of documents relating to Fressac castle, dated in 1210, which are discussed in detail in TOULOUSE - NORTHERN & EASTERN. m BERNARD [V] Seigneur d’Anduze, son of --- d’Anduze & his wife --- ([1155/60]-[Feb 1214/13 Sep 1223]).

1. GIACOPO . "Jacobus Marchio de Rocheta" swore allegiance to the commune of Asti by charter dated 24 Mar 1257[1393].

2. RAIMONDO di Incisa (-after Apr 1310). A charter dated Apr 1310 records peace terms proposed between “domini Opecinus, Raynaldus et Oddoardus Spinule de Luculo”, including their supporters “...Raymondinus de Incisa, Jacobus de Incisa...”, and the commune of Genoa respecting conventions relating to “Monaco”[1394].

3. GIACOPO di Incisa (-after Apr 1310). A charter dated Apr 1310 records peace terms proposed between “domini Opecinus, Raynaldus et Oddoardus Spinule de Luculo”, including their supporters “...Raymondinus de Incisa, Jacobus de Incisa...”, and the commune of Genoa respecting conventions relating to “Monaco”[1395].

4. ALBERTO (-after 24 May 1342). Marchese di Incisa. A charter dated 24 May 1342 records an exchange of property between "dominorum Alberti et Johannardi Marchionum Incisæ" and the abbot of Santo Cristoforo di Bergamasco, naming "dominus Gulielmus de Incisa, Albertinus et Henricus de Incisa"[1396].

5. GIOVANNI (-after 24 May 1342). Marchese di Incisa. A charter dated 24 May 1342 records an exchange of property between "dominorum Alberti et Johannardi Marchionum Incisæ" and the abbot of Santo Cristoforo di Bergamasco, naming "dominus Gulielmus de Incisa, Albertinus et Henricus de Incisa"[1397].

M. MARCHESI di PONZONO

1. ALERAMO, son of --- . m ALASIA, daughter of ---. Her marriage is confirmed by a charter dated 27 Sep 1192 which records an agreement between "canonicæ de Acquis" and "consulibus Dominus Henricus et Poncius Marchiones de Ponzono", confirming previous agreements made by "avus eorum D. Aleramus et avia domina Alaxa item D. Ugo pater eorum, item D. Henricus et Petrus patrui eorum"[1398]. Aleramo & his wife had three children:

a) UGO (-before 1192). His parentage is confirmed by a charter dated 27 Sep 1192 which records an agreement between "canonicæ de Acquis" and "consulibus Dominus Henricus et Poncius Marchiones de Ponzono", confirming previous agreements made by "avus eorum D. Aleramus et avia domina Alaxa item D. Ugo pater eorum, item D. Henricus et Petrus patrui eorum"[1399]. m ---. The name of Ugo´s wife is not known. Ugo & his wife had three children:

i) ENRICO (-[8 Mar 1202/15 Apr 1210]). Marchese di Ponzono. “Henricus Iacobus et Ponzo marchiones de Ponzono” swore allegiance to Genoa by charter dated 8 Feb 1186[1400]. A charter dated 27 Sep 1192 records an agreement between "canonicæ de Acquis" and "consulibus Dominus Henricus et Poncius Marchiones de Ponzono", confirming previous agreements made by "avus eorum D. Aleramus et avia domina Alaxa item D. Ugo pater eorum, item D. Henricus et Petrus patrui eorum"[1401]. A charter dated 7 May 1197 records taxes imposed by "dominus Enricus et Pontius Marchiones de Ponzono"[1402]. A charter dated 8 Mar 1202 records an agreement between the commune of Alessandria and "dominum Othonem de Carretto Marchionem suo nomine et nomine domini Vermi de Ceva Marchionis et domini Anrici Marchionis de Pulzono"[1403]. A charter dated 1212 records the position taken by "D. Otto marchio de Bosco" in a dispute with Alessandria concerning "villam et locum Boschi", recording that he had succeeded "Henricus de Ponzono…D. Poncius de Ponzono" in certain land[1404]. m (1191) ISABELLA di Caretto, daughter of ENRICO [I] "il Guercio" Marchese di Carretto e Savona & his wife Comitissa ---. Enrico & his wife had one child:

(a) ENRICO . "D. Pontius Marchio Ponzoni…et pro suo nepote D. Henrico et pro suo consanguineo D. Petro" donated "castri Ponzoni" to the town of Acqui by charter dated 15 Apr 1210[1405].

ii) GIACOPO (-after 8 Feb 1186). Marchese di Ponzono. “Henricus Iacobus et Ponzo marchiones de Ponzono” swore allegiance to Genoa by charter dated 8 Feb 1186[1406].

iii) PONTIO (-after 15 Apr 1210). Marchese di Ponzono. “Henricus Iacobus et Ponzo marchiones de Ponzono” swore allegiance to Genoa by charter dated 8 Feb 1186[1407].

- see below.

b) ENRICO . His parentage is confirmed by a charter dated 27 Sep 1192 which records an agreement between "canonicæ de Acquis" and "consulibus Dominus Henricus et Poncius Marchiones de Ponzono", confirming previous agreements made by "avus eorum D. Aleramus et avia domina Alaxa item D. Ugo pater eorum, item D. Henricus et Petrus patrui eorum"[1408].

c) PIETRO . His parentage is confirmed by a charter dated 27 Sep 1192 which records an agreement between "canonicæ de Acquis" and "consulibus Dominus Henricus et Poncius Marchiones de Ponzono", confirming previous agreements made by "avus eorum D. Aleramus et avia domina Alaxa item D. Ugo pater eorum, item D. Henricus et Petrus patrui eorum"[1409].

1. PIETRO (-after 15 Apr 1210). It is likely that Pietro was the son either of Enrico or Pietro, sons of Aleramo, who are shown above. "D. Pontius Marchio Ponzoni…et pro suo nepote D. Henrico et pro suo consanguineo D. Petro" donated "castri Ponzoni" to the town of Acqui by charter dated 15 Apr 1210[1410]. [A charter dated 1212 records the position taken by "D. Otto marchio de Bosco" in a dispute with Alessandria concerning "villam et locum Boschi", recording that he had succeeded "Henricus de Ponzono…D. Poncius de Ponzono" in certain land[1411].]

PONTIO di Ponzono, son of UGO [Marchese] di Ponzono & his wife --- (-after 15 Apr 1210). Marchese di Ponzono. “Henricus Iacobus et Ponzo marchiones de Ponzono” swore allegiance to Genoa by charter dated 8 Feb 1186[1412]. A charter dated 27 Sep 1192 records an agreement between "canonicæ de Acquis" and "consulibus Dominus Henricus et Poncius Marchiones de Ponzono", confirming previous agreements made by "avus eorum D. Aleramus et avia domina Alaxa item D. Ugo pater eorum, item D. Henricus et Petrus patrui eorum"[1413]. A charter dated 7 May 1197 records taxes imposed by "dominus Enricus et Pontius Marchiones de Ponzono"[1414]. A charter dated Aug 1202 records the confirmation by "D. Puncius marchio de Pulzono" of the agreement between the commune of Alessandria and "…D. Anrico fratre sui et Petro suo consanguineo"[1415]. "D. Pontius Marchio Ponzoni…et pro suo nepote D. Henrico et pro suo consanguineo D. Petro" donated "castri Ponzoni" to the town of Acqui by charter dated 15 Apr 1210[1416].

m ---. The name of Pontio´s wife is not known.

Pontio & his wife had one child:

1. ALBERTO di Ponzono (-after 4 Jun 1257). Marchese di Ponzono. The potestàs of Acqui admonished "Dominum Albertum marchionem de Ponzono…Dominum Manuelem marchionem de Ponzono" by two charters dated 21 Nov 1234[1417]. The potestàs of Acqui admonished "D. Manuelem marchionem de Ponzono" by charter dated 23 Dec 1235, in the presence of "D. Iacobus de Ponzono, D. Henricus…"[1418]. A charter dated 20 May 1236 records a peace agreement between the commune of Acqui and "D. Albertus marchio filius quondam D. Pontii et D. Iacobus et D. Henricus filii quondam D. Petri Marchionis de Ponzono et D. Manuel filius D. Henrici Marchiones de Ponzono"[1419]. A charter dated 4 Jun 1257 records the division of property between "dominum Albertum Marchinem de Ponzono et Bonifacium eius filium…et Conradi filii eiusdem domini Alberti" and "dominum Jacobum Marchionem de Ponzono, Jacobinum eius filium, dominum Emmanuelem Marchionem de Ponzono et Leonellum eius filium, et Thomasinum filium domini Henrici Marchionis de Ponzono"[1420]. m ---. The name of Alberto´s wife is not known. Alberto & his wife had two children:

a) BONIFAZIO di Ponzono (-after 4 Jun 1257). A charter dated 4 Jun 1257 records the division of property between "dominum Albertum Marchinem de Ponzono et Bonifacium eius filium…et Conradi filii eiusdem domini Alberti" and "dominum Jacobum Marchionem de Ponzono, Jacobinum eius filium, dominum Emmanuelem Marchionem de Ponzono et Leonellum eius filium, et Thomasinum filium domini Henrici Marchionis de Ponzono"[1421]. m ---. The name of Bonifazio’s wife is not known. Bonifazio & his wife had one child:

i) ENRICO di Ponzono (-after 22 Nov 1290). A charter dated 1290 records an agreement between the commune of Genoa and "Dominos Thomam filium q. D. Enrici, Manfredinum filium q. D. Conradi et Enricetum q. D. Bonifacii Marchionis de Ponzono"[1422]. The commune of Genoa granted property to "dominus Enricus de Carreto…" by charter dated 2 Nov 1347, which recites earlier grants to "domino Enrighetto Marchioni de Ponzono filio quondam domini Bonifacii, et Manfredino Marchioni de Ponzono filio quondam domini Conradi" dated 22 Nov 1290[1423].

- see below.

b) CORRADO di Ponzono (-after 4 Jun 1257). A charter dated 4 Jun 1257 records the division of property between "dominum Albertum Marchinem de Ponzono et Bonifacium eius filium…et Conradi filii eiusdem domini Alberti" and "dominum Jacobum Marchionem de Ponzono, Jacobinum eius filium, dominum Emmanuelem Marchionem de Ponzono et Leonellum eius filium, et Thomasinum filium domini Henrici Marchionis de Ponzono"[1424].

- see below.

CORRADO di Ponzono, son of ALBERTO Marchese di Ponzono & his wife --- (-after 4 Jun 1257). A charter dated 4 Jun 1257 records the division of property between "dominum Albertum Marchinem de Ponzono et Bonifacium eius filium…et Conradi filii eiusdem domini Alberti" and "dominum Jacobum Marchionem de Ponzono, Jacobinum eius filium, dominum Emmanuelem Marchionem de Ponzono et Leonellum eius filium, et Thomasinum filium domini Henrici Marchionis de Ponzono"[1425].

m ---. The name of Corrado’s wife is not known.

Corrado & his wife had one child:

1. MANFREDO di Ponzono (-after 1290). A charter dated 1290 records an agreement between the commune of Genoa and "Dominos Thomam filium q. D. Enrici, Manfredinum filium q. D. Conradi et Enricetum q. D. Bonifacii Marchionis de Ponzono"[1426]. The commune of Genoa granted property to "dominus Enricus de Carreto…" by charter dated 2 Nov 1347, which recites earlier grants to "domino Enrighetto Marchioni de Ponzono filio quondam domini Bonifacii, et Manfredino Marchioni de Ponzono filio quondam domini Conradi" dated 22 Nov 1290[1427]. m ---. The name of Manfredo’s wife is not known. Manfredo & his wife had three children:

a) RAIMONDO di Ponzono (-after 17 Nov 1342). His parentage is confirmed by the 28 Jun 1391 charter quoted below. Marchese di Ponzono. The commune of Genoa granted property to "dominus Enricus de Carreto…" by charter dated 2 Nov 1347, which recites earlier grants to "dominos Raymondinum et Oddinum fratres Marchiones de Ponzono" dated 25 Jun 1332[1428]. "DD. Raimondinus, Bonifacius, Otho et Theodorus Marchiones de Ponzono" granted revenue to the church of Acqui by charter dated 17 Nov 1342[1429]. “Dominus Enricum de Carreto marchio Saonae quondam domini Iacobi de Carreto...et procuratorem...dominorum Anthonii, Alberti, Manfredi et Franceschini fratrem ipsius” requested the commune of Genoa to enfeoff them with “castro...Spigni et castrorum Mayrane et Rochete”, as enfeoffed 23 Nov 1333 to “dominum Iacobum de Carreto filium quondam domini Enrici marchionis de Carreto iam deffunctum” and 25 Jun 1333 “per...dominos Raymondinum et Oddinum fratres marchiones de Ponzono...et...procuratorio...domini Conradi marchionis de Ponzono et eius fratris pro medietate...per Manfredum de Ponzono...et Boniffacium marchionem de Ponzono...et procuratorio...Guieti de Ponzon marchionis eius fratris pro alia medietate”, by charter dated 10 Feb 1350[1430].

b) ODDONE di Ponzono (-after 17 Nov 1342). His parentage is confirmed by the 28 Jun 1391 charter quoted below. Marchese di Ponzono. The commune of Genoa granted property to "dominus Enricus de Carreto…" by charter dated 2 Nov 1347, which recites earlier grants to "dominos Raymondinum et Oddinum fratres Marchiones de Ponzono" dated 25 Jun 1332[1431]. "DD. Raimondinus, Bonifacius, Otho et Theodorus Marchiones de Ponzono" granted revenue to the church of Acqui by charter dated 17 Nov 1342[1432]. “Dominus Enricum de Carreto marchio Saonae quondam domini Iacobi de Carreto...et procuratorem...dominorum Anthonii, Alberti, Manfredi et Franceschini fratrem ipsius” requested the commune of Genoa to enfeoff them with “castro...Spigni et castrorum Mayrane et Rochete”, as enfeoffed 23 Nov 1333 to “dominum Iacobum de Carreto filium quondam domini Enrici marchionis de Carreto iam deffunctum” and 25 Jun 1333 “per...dominos Raymondinum et Oddinum fratres marchiones de Ponzono...et...procuratorio...domini Conradi marchionis de Ponzono et eius fratris pro medietate...per Manfredum de Ponzono...et Boniffacium marchionem de Ponzono...et procuratorio...Guieti de Ponzon marchionis eius fratris pro alia medietate”, by charter dated 10 Feb 1350[1433]. m ---. The name of Ottone’s wife is not known. Ottone & his wife had one child:

i) UGO di Ponzono (-after 27 1402). “Dominus Pontius ex marchionibus de Ponzono quondam domini Bonifacii...et...procurator...dominorum Alberti dicti de Bertagna et Iacobini nepotum suorum filiorum quondam domini Guidonis ex marchionibus de Ponzono fratris dicti domini Poncii...Ugheto ex marchionibus Ponzono filio quondam domini Odonis” swore allegiance to the commune of Genoa by charter dated 30 May 1388[1434]. “Dominum Ugetum ex marchionibus de Ponzono filium quondam domini Oddoni” swore allegiance to Charles VI King of France by charter dated 27 Jan 1402[1435]. m ---. The name of Ugo’s wife is not known. Ugo & his wife had one child:

(a) ENRICO di Ponzono (-after 21 Nov 1415). “Domini Enrici marchionis de Ponzono...manu Antonii quondam domini Thome ex marchionibus Ponzoni”, the latter recording “dictus dominus Enricus filius et universalis heres quondam domini Ugeti marchionis de Ponzono filii quondam domini Oddoni”, swore allegiance to the commune of Genoa by charter dated 21 Nov 1415[1436].

c) CORRADO di Ponzono . “Dominus Enricum de Carreto marchio Saonae quondam domini Iacobi de Carreto...et procuratorem...dominorum Anthonii, Alberti, Manfredi et Franceschini fratrem ipsius” requested the commune of Genoa to enfeoff them with “castro...Spigni et castrorum Mayrane et Rochete”, as enfeoffed 23 Nov 1333 to “dominum Iacobum de Carreto filium quondam domini Enrici marchionis de Carreto iam deffunctum” and 25 Jun 1333 “per...dominos Raymondinum et Oddinum fratres marchiones de Ponzono...et...procuratorio...domini Conradi marchionis de Ponzono et eius fratris pro medietate...per Manfredum de Ponzono...et Boniffacium marchionem de Ponzono...et procuratorio...Guieti de Ponzon marchionis eius fratris pro alia medietate”, by charter dated 10 Feb 1350[1437]. A charter dated 29 Nov 1384 records the enfeoffment of “dominus Poncius marchio de Ponzono...” by the commune of Genoa, in the same way as “domino Henrieto marchioni de Ponzono filio quondam domini Bonifacii et Manfredino marchioni de Ponzono filio quondam domino Conradi” and “post mortem dictorum dominorum Henriceti et Manfredi dominus Bonifacius filium dicti domini Henriceti et dominus Conradinus filius dicti domini Manfredini” were enfeoffed earlier[1438]. m ---. The name of Corrado’s wife is not known. Corrado & his wife had one child:

i) TEODORO di Ponzono (-after 28 Jun 1391). “Domini Georgini filii quondam domini Theodori marchionis de Ponzono et heredis dicti patris sui” swore allegiance to the commune of Genoa for one-sixth of Ponzono, noting that “domino Enriceto marchioni de Ponzono filio quondam domini Bonifacii et domino Manfredino filio domini Conradi ex dictis marchionibus de Ponzono” had shared Ponzono and that “dictus quondam dominus Manfredinus filius quondam domini Conradi” left “tribus...filiis...domino Raimondino Oddono et Conrado” and that “dictus dominus Conradus...quondam” left “filio...Theodorus” who left “domino Georgino eius filio”, by charter dated 28 Jun 1391[1439].

PIETRO . Pietro is named as father of Giacopo and Enrico in the charter dated 20 May 1236 which is quoted below. He could have been either Pietro, son of Aleramo, or Pietro "consanguineus" of Pontio, both of whom are shown above. Marchese di Ponzono.

m ---. The name of Pietro´s wife is not known.

Pietro & his wife had two children:

1. GIACOPO (-after 2 Sep 1261). Marchese di Ponzono. The potestàs of Acqui admonished "D. Iacobum marchionem de Ponzono" by charter dated 23 Dec 1235[1440]. A charter dated 20 May 1236 records a peace agreement between the commune of Acqui and "D. Albertus marchio filius quondam D. Pontii et D. Iacobus et D. Henricus filii quondam D. Petri Marchionis de Ponzono et D. Manuel filius D. Henrici Marchiones de Ponzono"[1441]. A charter dated 4 Jun 1257 records the division of property between "dominum Albertum Marchinem de Ponzono et Bonifacium eius filium…et Conradi filii eiusdem domini Alberti" and "dominum Jacobum Marchionem de Ponzono, Jacobinum eius filium, dominum Emmanuelem Marchionem de Ponzono et Leonellum eius filium, et Thomasinum filium domini Henrici Marchionis de Ponzono"[1442]. “Dominos Iacobum et Manuelem et Thomam marchiones de Ponzono” sold “nemus Montis Ursalis” to the commune of Genoa by charter dated 2 Sep 1261[1443]. m ---. The name of Giacopo´s wife is not known. Giacopo & his wife had one child:

a) GIACOPO (-after 4 Jun 1257). A charter dated 4 Jun 1257 records the division of property between "dominum Albertum Marchinem de Ponzono et Bonifacium eius filium…et Conradi filii eiusdem domini Alberti" and "dominum Jacobum Marchionem de Ponzono, Jacobinum eius filium, dominum Emmanuelem Marchionem de Ponzono et Leonellum eius filium, et Thomasinum filium domini Henrici Marchionis de Ponzono"[1444].

2. ENRICO (-before 15 Jan 1277). A charter dated 20 May 1236 records a peace agreement between the commune of Acqui and "D. Albertus marchio filius quondam D. Pontii et D. Iacobus et D. Henricus filii quondam D. Petri Marchionis de Ponzono et D. Manuel filius D. Henrici Marchiones de Ponzono"[1445]. A charter dated 4 Jun 1257 records the division of property between "dominum Albertum Marchonem de Ponzono et Bonifacium eius filium…et Conradi filii eiusdem domini Alberti" and "dominum Jacobum Marchionem de Ponzono, Jacobinum eius filium, dominum Emmanuelem Marchionem de Ponzono et Leonellum eius filium, et Thomasinum filium domini Henrici Marchionis de Ponzono"[1446]. He is named as deceased in the 15 Jan 1277 charter quoted below. m ---. The name of Enrico´s wife is not known. Enrico & his wife had [two] children:

a) TOMMASO (-after 1290). A charter dated 4 Jun 1257 records the division of property between "dominum Albertum Marchonem de Ponzono et Bonifacium eius filium…et Conradi filii eiusdem domini Alberti" and "dominum Jacobum Marchionem de Ponzono, Jacobinum eius filium, dominum Emmanuelem Marchionem de Ponzono et Leonellum eius filium, et Thomasinum filium domini Henrici Marchionis de Ponzono"[1447]. “Dominos Iacobum et Manuelem et Thomam marchiones de Ponzono” sold “nemus Montis Ursalis” to the commune of Genoa by charter dated 2 Sep 1261[1448]. “Thomas marchio de Ponzon filius quondam Enrici marchionis” sold “tres sexdecenas partes...ville Varaginis” to the commune of Genoa by charter dated 15 Jan 1277[1449]. A charter dated 1290 records an agreement between the commune of Genoa and "Dominos Thomam filium q. D. Enrici, Manfredinum filium q. D. Conradi et Enricetum q. D. Bonifacii Marchionis de Ponzono"[1450].

b) [GIOVANNI . The commune of Genoa granted property to "dominus Enricus de Carreto…" by charter dated 2 Nov 1347, which recites earlier grants to "domino Jovanne Marchioni de Ponzono filio quondam domini Enrici Marchionis de Ponzono" (undated)[1451].]

ENRICO di Ponzono, son of ---. Enrico is named as father of Emmanuele in the charter dated 20 May 1236 which is quoted below. He could have been one of three persons: Enrico, son of Ugo, Enrico son of the same Enrico, or Enrico son of Aleramo, all of whom are shown above. Marchese di Ponzono.

m ---. The name of Enrico´s wife is not known.

Enrico & his wife had one child:

1. EMMANUELE di Ponzono (-after 2 Sep 1261). Marchese di Ponzono. The potestàs of Acqui admonished "Dominum Albertum marchionem de Ponzono…Dominum Manuelem marchionem de Ponzono" by two charters dated 21 Nov 1234[1452]. The potestàs of Acqui admonished "D. Manuelem marchionem de Ponzono" by charter dated 23 Dec 1235[1453]. A charter dated 20 May 1236 records a peace agreement between the commune of Acqui and "D. Albertus marchio filius quondam D. Pontii et D. Iacobus et D. Henricus filii quondam D. Petri Marchionis de Ponzono et D. Manuel filius D. Henrici Marchiones de Ponzono"[1454]. A charter dated 4 Jun 1257 records the division of property between "dominum Albertum Marchinem de Ponzono et Bonifacium eius filium…et Conradi filii eiusdem domini Alberti" and "dominum Jacobum Marchionem de Ponzono, Jacobinum eius filium, dominum Emmanuelem Marchionem de Ponzono et Leonellum eius filium, et Thomasinum filium domini Henrici Marchionis de Ponzono"[1455]. “Dominos Iacobum et Manuelem et Thomam marchiones de Ponzono” sold “nemus Montis Ursalis” to the commune of Genoa by charter dated 2 Sep 1261[1456]. m ---. The name of Emmanuele´s wife is not known. Emmanuele & his wife had one child:

a) LEO di Ponzono (-after 5 Jul 1289). A charter dated 4 Jun 1257 records the division of property between "dominum Albertum Marchinem de Ponzono et Bonifacium eius filium…et Conradi filii eiusdem domini Alberti" and "dominum Jacobum Marchionem de Ponzono, Jacobinum eius filium, dominum Emmanuelem Marchionem de Ponzono et Leonellum eius filium, et Thomasinum filium domini Henrici Marchionis de Ponzono"[1457]. “Leo marchio de Ponzono procurator domine Guerrerie uxoris mee filie et heredis quondam domini Enrici marchionis de Boscho filii quondam domini Conradi marchionis de Boscho et heredis...pro dimidia quondam domini Leonis fratris quondam domini Enrici predicti” ceded shares in “castri...Ouade” to the commune of Genoa by charter dated 5 Jul 1289[1458]. m GUERRERA di Bosco, daughter of ENRICO Marchese di Bosco & his wife --- (-after 5 Jul 1289). "D. Guerrera filia et hærede quondam Henrigaccii de Bosco et uxore Leonis Marchionis de Ponzono" sold property by charter dated 1288[1459]. "Domina Guerreria uxor domini Leonis Marchionis de Ponzono et filia quondam domini Enrici Marchionis de Bosco et hæres ipsius domini Enrici ac etiam hæres…pro dimidia quondam domini Leonis Marchionis de Bosco patrui sui" confirmed the sale of property to the commune of Genoa made by "dictum dominum Leonem virum suum" by charter dated 24 Feb 1289[1460]. “Leo marchio de Ponzono procurator domine Guerrerie uxoris mee filie et heredis quondam domini Enrici marchionis de Boscho filii quondam domini Conradi marchionis de Boscho et heredis...pro dimidia quondam domini Leonis fratris quondam domini Enrici predicti” ceded shares in “castri...Ouade” to the commune of Genoa by charter dated 5 Jul 1289[1461].

1. ALBERTO . Marchese di Ponzono. The commune of Asti granted property to "Dominus Oddonus Marchio de Carretto et Manfredinus eius filius" by charter dated Aug 1313, among which property held by "Dominus Albertinus Marchio de Pulzono…Dominus Enricus Marchio de Pulzono"[1462].

2. ENRICO . Marchese di Ponzono. A charter dated Apr 1310 records peace terms proposed between “domini Opecinus, Raynaldus et Oddoardus Spinule de Luculo”, including their supporters “...Henricetus de Ponzono, Conradinus de Ponzono, Conradinus de Ponzono...”, and the commune of Genoa respecting conventions relating to “Monaco”[1463]. The commune of Asti granted property to "Dominus Oddonus Marchio de Carretto et Manfredinus eius filius" by charter dated Aug 1313, among which property held by "Dominus Albertinus Marchio de Pulzono…Dominus Enricus Marchio de Pulzono"[1464]. m ---. The name of Enrico´s wife is not known. Enrico & his wife had one child:

a) BORELLO (-after 12 Feb 1334). A charter dated 12 Feb 1334 records a treaty between Robert I King of Sicily and "Manfredum marchionem Salutianum et eius filios Manfredum, Theodorum, et Bonifacium", naming "Borralus filius Henrici marchionis de Ponzono" as one of their representatives[1465].

3. CORRADO di Ponzono (-after Apr 1310). A charter dated Apr 1310 records peace terms proposed between “domini Opecinus, Raynaldus et Oddoardus Spinule de Luculo”, including their supporters “...Henricetus de Ponzono, Conradinus de Ponzono, Conradinus de Ponzono...”, and the commune of Genoa respecting conventions relating to “Monaco”[1466].

4. CORRADO di Ponzono (-after Apr 1310). A charter dated Apr 1310 records peace terms proposed between “domini Opecinus, Raynaldus et Oddoardus Spinule de Luculo”, including their supporters “...Henricetus de Ponzono, Conradinus de Ponzono, Conradinus de Ponzono...”, and the commune of Genoa respecting conventions relating to “Monaco”[1467].

ENRICO di Ponzono, son of BONIFAZIO di Ponzono & his wife --- (-after 22 Nov 1290). A charter dated 1290 records an agreement between the commune of Genoa and "Dominos Thomam filium q. D. Enrici, Manfredinum filium q. D. Conradi et Enricetum q. D. Bonifacii Marchionis de Ponzono"[1468]. The commune of Genoa granted property to "dominus Enricus de Carreto…" by charter dated 2 Nov 1347, which recites earlier grants to "domino Enrighetto Marchioni de Ponzono filio quondam domini Bonifacii, et Manfredino Marchioni de Ponzono filio quondam domini Conradi" dated 22 Nov 1290[1469].

m ---. The name of Enrico’s wife is not known.

Enrico & his wife had four children:

1. BONIFAZIO di Ponzono (-after 10 Feb 1350). His parentage is confirmed by the 29 Nov 1384 charter quoted below. Marchese di Ponzono. "D. Bonifacius marchio de Ponzono suo nomine et nomine fratrum suorum DD. Joannini Petrini, Cuceti et Albertini" donated revenue to the church of Acqui by charter dated 7 Dec 1320[1470]. "DD. Raimondinus, Bonifacius, Otho et Theodorus Marchiones de Ponzono" granted revenue to the church of Acqui by charter dated 17 Nov 1342[1471]. “Dominus Enricum de Carreto marchio Saonae quondam domini Iacobi de Carreto...et procuratorem...dominorum Anthonii, Alberti, Manfredi et Franceschini fratrem ipsius” requested the commune of Genoa to enfeoff them with “castro...Spigni et castrorum Mayrane et Rochete”, as enfeoffed 23 Nov 1333 to “dominum Iacobum de Carreto filium quondam domini Enrici marchionis de Carreto iam deffunctum” and 25 Jun 1333 “per...dominos Raymondinum et Oddinum fratres marchiones de Ponzono...et...procuratorio...domini Conradi marchionis de Ponzono et eius fratris pro medietate...per Manfredum de Ponzono...et Boniffacium marchionem de Ponzono...et procuratorio...Guieti de Ponzon marchionis eius fratris pro alia medietate”, by charter dated 10 Feb 1350[1472]. m ---. The name of Bonifazio’s wife is not known. Bonifazio & his wife had one child:

a) PONTIO di Ponzono (-after 30 May 1388). Marchese di Ponzono. “Dominus Poncius marchio de Ponzono filius et heres pro dimidia quondam domini Bonifacii ex marchionibus de Ponzono...et procurator...dominorum Alberti et Iacobi ex marchionibus de Ponzono fratrum et filiorum...quondam domini Guioni filii...pro reliqua dimidia dicti quondam domini Bonifacii...” received the fief Ponzono from the commune of Genoa, in the same way as “domino Henrieto marchioni de Ponzono filio quondam domini Bonifacii et Manfredino marchioni de Ponzono filio quondam domino Conradi” and “post mortem dictorum dominorum Henriceti et Manfredi dominus Bonifacius filium dicti domini Henriceti et dominus Conradinus filius dicti domini Manfredini” were enfeoffed, by charter dated 29 Nov 1384[1473]. “Dominus Pontius ex marchionibus de Ponzono quondam domini Bonifacii...et...procurator...dominorum Alberti dicti de Bertagna et Iacobini nepotum suorum filiorum quondam domini Guidonis ex marchionibus de Ponzono fratris dicti domini Poncii...Ugheto ex marchionibus Ponzono filio quondam domini Odonis” swore allegiance to the commune of Genoa, naming “Franciscus et fratres de Carreto filii quondam domini Manfredo die Carreto...Georgino filio quondam domini Theodori marchionis de Ponzono...quondam Ludovici marchionis Ponzoni...Thome marchionis Ponzoni et fratris dicti Thome”, by charter dated 30 May 1388[1474].

2. GIOVANNI PIETRO di Ponzono (-after 7 Dec 1320). "D. Bonifacius marchio de Ponzono suo nomine et nomine fratrum suorum DD. Joannini Petrini, Cuceti et Albertini" donated revenue to the church of Acqui by charter dated 7 Dec 1320[1475].

3. GUIDO di Ponzono (-after 10 Feb 1350). "D. Bonifacius marchio de Ponzono suo nomine et nomine fratrum suorum DD. Joannini Petrini, Cuceti et Albertini" donated revenue to the church of Acqui by charter dated 7 Dec 1320[1476]. “Dominus Enricum de Carreto marchio Saonae quondam domini Iacobi de Carreto...et procuratorem...dominorum Anthonii, Alberti, Manfredi et Franceschini fratrem ipsius” requested the commune of Genoa to enfeoff them with “castro...Spigni et castrorum Mayrane et Rochete”, as enfeoffed 23 Nov 1333 to “dominum Iacobum de Carreto filium quondam domini Enrici marchionis de Carreto iam deffunctum” and 25 Jun 1333 “per...dominos Raymondinum et Oddinum fratres marchiones de Ponzono...et...procuratorio...domini Conradi marchionis de Ponzono et eius fratris pro medietate...per Manfredum de Ponzono...et Boniffacium marchionem de Ponzono...et procuratorio...Guieti de Ponzon marchionis eius fratris pro alia medietate”, by charter dated 10 Feb 1350[1477]. m ---. The name of Guido’s wife is not known. Guido & his wife had children:

a) ALBERTO di Ponzono (-after 30 May 1388). “Dominus Poncius marchio de Ponzono filius et heres pro dimidia quondam domini Bonifacii ex marchionibus de Ponzono...et procurator...dominorum Alberti et Iacobi ex marchionibus de Ponzono fratrum et filiorum...quondam domini Guioni filii...pro reliqua dimidia dicti quondam domini Bonifacii...” received the fief Ponzono from the commune of Genoa by charter dated 29 Nov 1384[1478]. “Dominus Pontius ex marchionibus de Ponzono quondam domini Bonifacii...et...procurator...dominorum Alberti dicti de Bertagna et Iacobini nepotum suorum filiorum quondam domini Guidonis ex marchionibus de Ponzono fratris dicti domini Poncii...Ugheto ex marchionibus Ponzono filio quondam domini Odonis” swore allegiance to the commune of Genoa by charter dated 30 May 1388[1479].

b) GIACOPO di Ponzono (-after 30 May 1388). “Dominus Poncius marchio de Ponzono filius et heres pro dimidia quondam domini Bonifacii ex marchionibus de Ponzono...et procurator...dominorum Alberti et Iacobi ex marchionibus de Ponzono fratrum et filiorum...quondam domini Guioni filii...pro reliqua dimidia dicti quondam domini Bonifacii...” received the fief Ponzono from the commune of Genoa by charter dated 29 Nov 1384[1480]. “Dominus Pontius ex marchionibus de Ponzono quondam domini Bonifacii...et...procurator...dominorum Alberti dicti de Bertagna et Iacobini nepotum suorum filiorum quondam domini Guidonis ex marchionibus de Ponzono fratris dicti domini Poncii...Ugheto ex marchionibus Ponzono filio quondam domini Odonis” swore allegiance to the commune of Genoa by charter dated 30 May 1388[1481].

4. ALBERTO di Ponzono (-after 7 Dec 1320). "D. Bonifacius marchio de Ponzono suo nomine et nomine fratrum suorum DD. Joannini Petrini, Cuceti et Albertini" donated revenue to the church of Acqui by charter dated 7 Dec 1320[1482].

Two brothers, parents not identified:

1. LODOVICO di Ponzono . m ---. The name of Lodovico’s wife is not known. Lodovico & his wife had one child:

a) TEODORO (-after 17 Nov 1342). His parentage is confirmed by the 30 May 1388 charter quoted below. Marchese di Ponzono. "DD. Raimondinus, Bonifacius, Otho et Theodorus Marchiones de Ponzono" granted revenue to the church of Acqui by charter dated 17 Nov 1342[1483]. m ---. The name of Teodoro’s wife is not known. Teodoro & his wife had one child:

i) GIORGIO di Ponzono (-after 30 May 1388). “Dominus Pontius ex marchionibus de Ponzono quondam domini Bonifacii...” swore allegiance to the commune of Genoa, naming as other part owners “...Georgino filio quondam domini Theodori marchionis de Ponzono...quondam Ludovici marchionis Ponzoni iam premortui dicto Georgino quondam domini Teodori...si post mortem Thome marchionis Ponzoni et fratris dicti Ludovici”, by charter dated 30 May 1388[1484].

2. TOMMASO di Ponzono . He is named as brother of Lodovico di Ponzone in the 30 May 1388 charter quoted above (“...si post mortem Thome marchionis Ponzoni et fratris dicti Ludovici”).

1. TOMMASO di Ponzono (-before 21 Nov 1415). He is named as deceased in the 21 Nov 1415 charter quoted below. m ---. The name of Tommaso’s wife is not known. Tommaso & his wife had one child:

a) ANTONIO di Ponzono . “Domini Enrici marchionis de Ponzono...manu Antonii quondam domini Thome ex marchionibus Ponzoni” swore allegiance to the commune of Genoa by charter dated 21 Nov 1415[1485].

N. MARCHESI di UXECIO

1. ENRICO (-after Apr 1223). Marchese di Uxecio. A charter dated 29 Dec 1217 records a dispute between “Henrico de Uxecio marchioni” and “Ottonem marchionem de Bosco...et filios ipsius Ottonis et nepotes suos filios quondam Bonifacii de Bosco” concerning “castrum...Pereti”[1486]. “Henrico marchio de Uxetio Guillielmus et Guido filii eius” donated “castro et villa Uxecii...castrum Camparii...” to Genoa by charter dated 29 Dec 1218[1487]. The Annals of Marchisio record that "Ugo marchio de Carreto" captured "castrum Pereti" in 1223 through the treachery of "Enrico de Uxecio marchionis"[1488]. "Henricus de Uxetio, Gullielmus et Manfredus et Guido pater et filii" sold "castrum et villam Pareti" to "Domino Spino de Soroxina Januensis potestati pro communi Januæ", "in cambium…Octoni Marchioni de Bosco recipienti nomine filiorum quondam D. Bonifacio de Pareto", with the consent of "Bruna uxor prædicti Henrici…filiorum meorum", by charter dated Apr 1223[1489]. m BRUNA, daughter of --- (-after Apr 1223). "Henricus de Uxetio, Gullielmus et Manfredus et Guido pater et filii" sold "castrum et villam Pareti" to "Domino Spino de Soroxina Januensis potestati pro communi Januæ", with the consent of "Bruna uxor prædicti Henrici…filiorum meorum", by charter dated Apr 1223[1490]. Enrico & his wife had three children:

a) GUGLIELMO . “Henrico marchio de Uxetio Guillielmus et Guido filii eius” donated “castro et villa Uxecii...castrum Camparii...” to Genoa by charter dated 29 Dec 1218[1491]. "Henricus de Uxetio, Gullielmus et Manfredus et Guido pater et filii" sold "castrum et villam Pareti" to "Domino Spino de Soroxina Januensis potestati pro communi Januæ", with the consent of "Bruna uxor prædicti Henrici…filiorum meorum", by charter dated Apr 1223[1492].

b) MANFREDO (-after 24 Apr 1225). "Henricus de Uxetio, Gullielmus et Manfredus et Guido pater et filii" sold "castrum et villam Pareti" to "Domino Spino de Soroxina Januensis potestati pro communi Januæ", with the consent of "Bruna uxor prædicti Henrici…filiorum meorum", by charter dated Apr 1223[1493]. "Domino Manfredo de Uzecio" donated property to Acqui church by charter dated 24 Apr 1225[1494]. m PURPURA, daughter of ---. "Purpura uxor Manfredi de Uxetio" consented to the sale of property "in castro Pareti" to the commune of Genoa, made by "Enricus de Uxerio socer meus et filii sui", by charter dated 6 May 1223[1495].

c) GUIDO . “Henrico marchio de Uxetio Guillielmus et Guido filii eius” donated “castro et villa Uxecii...castrum Camparii...” to Genoa by charter dated 29 Dec 1218[1496]. "Henricus de Uxetio, Gullielmus et Manfredus et Guido pater et filii" sold "castrum et villam Pareti" to "Domino Spino de Soroxina Januensis potestati pro communi Januæ", with the consent of "Bruna uxor prædicti Henrici…filiorum meorum", by charter dated Apr 1223[1497]. m SOFIA, daughter of ---. "Soffia uxor Guidonis de Uxetio" consented to the sale of "finem de castro Pareti" by charter dated 13 May 1223[1498].

[1] Schiaparelli, L. (ed.) (1906) I diplomi di Guido e di Lamberto, Fonti per la Storia d´Italia (Rome) ("Guido e Lamberti Diplomi"), I, p. 3.

[2] Guido e Lamberti Diplomi, XVIII, p. 46.

[3] Guido e Lamberti Diplomi, V, p. 80.

[4] Schiaparelli, L. (ed.) (1903) I diplomi di Berengario I, Fonti per la Storia d´Italia (Rome) ("Berengario I Diplomi"), CII, p. 266.

[5] Gabotto, F. (ed.) ´Le più antiche carte dello archivio capitulare di Asti, Vol. I´, Biblioteca della società storica subalpina, Vol. XXVIII (Pinerolo, 1904) ("Asti Capitolare (antiche carte)"), LXXXVI, p. 166.

[6] Berengario I Diplomi, LXIX, p. 185.

[7] Moriondus, J. B. (1790) Monumenta Aquensia (Turin), Pars II, col. 291.

[8] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 292.

[9] Moriondus, J. B. (1789-90) Monumenta Aquensia (Turin), Pars I, II.

[10] Ragionamento familiare dell´origine…de…Marchesi di Monferrato…per Benvenuto di S. Giorgio ("Benvenuto di San Giorgio"), RIS XXIII, cols. 305-763.

[11] Benvenuto di San Giorgio, RIS XXIII, cols. 333.

[12] Chronicon Placentinum, RIS XVI, col. 589.

[13] Benvenuto di San Giorgio, RIS XXIII, cols. 334.

[14] Moriondus, J. B. (1790) Monumenta Aquensia (Turin), Pars II, col. 291.

[15] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 292.

[16] The Inventory of the State Archives of Turin, volume 25, page 1, fascicule 1, consulted at <http://ww2.multix.it/asto/asp/inventari.asp> (2 Feb 2006) ("State Archives"), and Benvenuto di San Giorgio, RIS XXIII, cols. 325-7.

[17] Benvenuto di San Giorgio, RIS XXIII, col. 333.

[18] Liudprandi Antapodosis V.32, MGH SS III, p. 336.

[19] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 292.

[20] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 292.

[21] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 292.

[22] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 292.

[23] Moriondus, J. B. (1789) Monumenta Aquensia (Turin), Pars I, col. 9.

[24] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 9.

[25] D H II 305, p. 379.

[26] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 299.

[27] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 9.

[28] D H II 305, p. 379.

[29] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 299, quoting Ex libro miraculorum S. Bononii Abbatis Lucediensis, Acta Sanctorum, 30 Aug, Tome VI, p. 623, n. 20.

[30] Collino, G. (ed.) (1908) Le carte della prevostura d´Oulx (Pinerolo) ("Oulx"), I, p. 1.

[31] Carutti, D. (1888) Il conte Umberto I e il re Ardoino (Rome), p. 142, no citation reference.

[32] Carutti (1888), p. 142, no citation reference.

[33] Chevalier, U. (ed.) (1875) Diplomatique de Bourgogne par Pierre de Rivaz (Paris) ("Rivaz") LXXIX, p. 37, citing Hist. Patriæ Monum., Ch. t. I, p. 550.

[34] Cipolla, C. (ed.) ´Il gruppo dei diplomi Adelaidini in favore dell´abbazia di Pinerolo´, Biblioteca della società storica subalpina, Vol. II (Pinerolo, 1899) ("Pinerolo (Diplomi Adelaidini)"), I, p. 315.

[35] Herimanni Augiensis Chronicon 1034, MHG SS V, p. 122.

[36] Oulx, I, p. 1.

[37] Carutti (1888), p. 142, no citation reference.

[38] Carutti (1888), p. 142, no citation reference.

[39] Rivaz LXXIX, p. 37, citing Hist. Patriæ Monum., Ch. t. I, p. 550.

[40] Pinerolo (Diplomi Adelaidini), I, p. 315.

[41] Annalista Saxo 1067.

[42] Marie José (1956) La Maison de Savoie, Les Origines, Le Comte Vert, Le Comte Rouge (Paris, Albin Michel), p. 33.

[43] Necrologium Scafhusenses, Bernoldi Chronicon Introduction, MGH SS V, p. 393.

[44] D H IV 427, p. 572.

[45] Raccolta di documenti per servire alla storia ecclesiastica Lucchese, Memorie e Documenti per servire all´historia di Lucca, Tomo IV, Parte II (Lucca, 1836) ("Lucca Memorie e Documenti"), CVIII, p. 154.

[46] Muratori, L. A. (1773) Antiquitates Italicæ Medii ævi, Tome IV, p. 486.

[47] Gabotto, F. & Fisso, U. (eds.) ´Le carte dello archivio capitolare di Casale Monferrato fino al 1313, Vol. I´, Biblioteca della società storica subalpina, Vol. XL (Pinerolo, 1907) ("Casale Monferrato"), VII, p. 9.

[48] Casale Monferrato, Vol. I, XVI, p. 25.

[49] Casale Monferrato, Vol. I, XVI, p. 25.

[50] Casale Monferrato, Vol. I, VII, p. 9.

[51] Bernard, A. and Bruel, A. (eds.) (1878) Recueil des chartes de l'abbaye de Cluny ( Paris) Tome V, 3996, p. 348.

[52] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 46.

[53] Cluny, Tome V, 3996, p. 348.

[54] Cluny, Tome V, 3996, p. 348.

[55] Casale Monferrato, Vol. I, XVI, p. 25.

[56] Casale Monferrato, Vol. I, XVI, p. 25.

[57] Cluny, Tome V, 3996, p. 348.

[58] Cluny, Tome V, 3996, p. 348.

[59] Cluny, Tome V, 3996, p. 348.

[60] Cluny, Tome V, 3996, p. 348.

[61] Casale Monferrato, Vol. I, XVI, p. 25.

[62] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 2.

[63] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 114.

[64] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 114.

[65] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 114.

[66] Gabotto, F. & Fisso, U. (eds.) ´Le carte dello archivio capitolare di Casale Monferrato fino al 1313, Vol. II´, Biblioteca della società storica subalpina, Vol. XLI (Pinerolo, 1908) ("Casale Monferrato"), CCCXV, p. 118.

[67] Casale Monferrato, Vol. II, CCCXV, p. 118.

[68] Carutti, D. (1889) Regesta comitum Sabaudiæ, marchionum in Italia (Turin) ("Regesta comitum Sabaudiæ"), CXXI, p. 42.

[69] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 42.

[70] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 320.

[71] Belgrano, L. T. & Imperiale di Sant´ Angelo, C. (ed.) (1901) Annali Genovesi di Caffaro e de´ suoi continuatori, Vol. 2, Fonti per la Storia d´Italia (Genoa), VII, Ottobonæ Scribæ Annales 1174-1196, p. 30.

[72] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 42.

[73] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 42.

[74] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 320.

[75] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 50.

[76] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 42.

[77] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 320.

[78] Casale Monferrato, Vol. I, VII, p. 9.

[79] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 50.

[80] Suger, 27, cited in Bouchard, C. B. (1987) Sword, Miter, and Cloister: Nobility and the Church in Burgundy 980-1198 (Cornell University Press), p. 275.

[81] Cartulaire de l'abbaye de Saint-André-le-Bas de Vienne, Collection de cartulaires dauphinois Tome I (Vienne, 1869) ("Vienne Saint-André-de-Bas"), Chartarium Viennensium 72, p. 281.

[82] Chibnall, M. (ed. and trans.) (1969) The Ecclesiastical History of Orderic Vitalis (Oxford Clarendon Press), Vol. VI, Book XII, p. 371.

[83] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 50.

[84] Willelmi Gemmetensis monachi Historiæ Normannorum, Du Chesne, A. (1619) Historiæ Normannorum Scriptores Antiqui (Paris) (“Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Du Chesne, 1619)”), Liber VIII, XIV, p. 299.

[85] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. VI, Book XII, p. 371.

[86] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 50.

[87] WT XVII.I, p. 758.

[88] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 50.

[89] WT XVII.I, p. 758.

[90] WT XXI.XIII, p. 1026.

[91] WT XVII.I, p. 758.

[92] WT XXI.XIII, p. 1026.

[93] Hoffman, G. (ed.) (1731) Nova scriptorum ac monumentorum collectio, Tome I, Sam. Guichenoni Bibliothecam Sebusianam et Paridis de Crassis diarium cur. rom (Leipzig) ("Bibliotheca Sebusiana"), Centuria I, XCIV, p. 170.

[94] Sturdza, M. D. (1999) Dictionnaire Historique et Généalogique des Grandes Familles de Grèce, d'Albanie et de Constantinople (2e edition Paris), p. 537.

[95] Casale Monferrato, Vol. I, XLI, p. 52.

[96] Runciman, S. (1978) A History of the Crusades (Penguin), Vol. 2, p. 444, and WTC XXIII.X, p. 14, although the latter incorrectly calls him "Boniface".

[97] Runciman (1978), Vol. 2, p. 472.

[98] Runciman (1978), Vol. 3, p. 19.

[99] WT XXI.XIII, p. 1026.

[100] Continuatio Claustroneoburgensis I 1106, MGH SS IX, p. 612.

[101] Cronica Alberti de Bezanis, MGH SS rerum Germanicarum in usum Scholarum II (Hannover, 1908), pp. 41-2.

[102] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 50.

[103] Bibliotheca Sebusiana, Centuria I, XCIV, p. 170.

[104] Cronica Alberti de Bezanis, MGH SS rerum Germanicarum in usum Scholarum II (Hannover, 1908), pp. 41-2.

[105] Kehew, R. (ed.) (2005) The Lark in the Morning: The Verses of the Troubadours (Chicago and London), pp. 132-37, information provided by Dr Marianne Gilchrist in a private email to the author dated 10 Feb 2007.

[106] WT XXI.XIII, p. 1025.

[107] Runciman (1978), Vol. 2, p. 411.

[108] Ex vita Margaritæ Albonensis comitissæ, RHGF XIV, p. 428.

[109] Terrebasse, A. de (ed.) (1844) Aymari Rivalli De Allobrogibus (Vienne) ("De Allobrogibus") VIII, p. 422.

[110] Chorier, N. (1641, republished 1878) Histoire générale de Dauphiné (Grenoble, republished Valence) Tome I, p. 616 (which does not cite the source).

[111] Usseglio (1926) I Marchesi di Monferrato in Italia ed in Oriente durante secoli XII e XIII (Casale Monferrato), Vol. I, pp. 167-9, citing Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, cols. 529 and 570, information provided by Dr Marianne Gilchrist in a private email to the author dated 9 Aug 2008.

[112] ES III 738.

[113] Linskill, J. (ed.) (1964) The Poems of Raimbaut de Vaqueiras (The Hague), pp. 67-9, information provided by Dr Marianne Gilchrist in a private email to the author dated 10 Feb 2007.

[114] Linskill (1964), No. XVIII, pp. 204-15, information provided by Dr Marianne Gilchrist in a private email to the author dated 10 Feb 2007.

[115] Cronica Alberti de Bezanis, MGH SS rerum Germanicarum in usum Scholarum II (Hannover, 1908), pp. 41-2.

[116] WTC XXIII.XI, p. 15.

[117] Casale Monferrato, Vol. I, XLI, p. 52.

[118] Gabotto, F., Roberti, G. & Chiattone, D. (eds.) ´Cartario Della abazia di Staffarda, Vol. I´, Biblioteca della società storica subalpina, Vol. XI (Pinerolo, 1901) ("Staffarda"), LXXIX, p. 84.

[119] Sturdza (1999), p. 537, Runciman (1978), Vol. 2, pp. 444-5, and WTC XXIII.XVI, p. 25.

[120] M. Gilchrist, in a private email to the author dated 26 Feb 2006.

[121] Mas Latrie, M. L. (ed.) (1871) Chronique d'Ernoul et de Bernard le Trésorier (Paris) ("Ernoul") 11, p. 128.

[122] Runciman (1978), Vol. 2, pp. 471-2.

[123] Runciman (1978), Vol. 3, pp. 4-5.

[124] Runciman (1978), Vol. 3, p. 25.

[125] Runciman (1978), Vol. 3, p. 27.

[126] Runciman (1978), Vol. 3, p. 31.

[127] Runciman (1978), Vol. 3, p. 32.

[128] Runciman (1978), Vol. 3, p. 51.

[129] Runciman (1978), Vol. 3, p. 64.

[130] Dieten, van (ed.) (1975) Niketas Choniates Historia (Berlin and New York), Vol. 1, p. 382, (English translation: Magoulias, H. (1984) O City of Byzantium (Detroit), p. 210), information provided by Dr Marianne Gilchrist in a private email to the author dated 10 Feb 2007. See also Meineke, A. (ed.) (1835) Nicetæ Choniatæ Historia, Corpus Scriptorum Historiæ Byzantinæ (Bonn), Imperiii Isaacii Angeli, Liber 1, 7, p. 498 lines 2 and 3, where the Greek text "ούτος τήν του βίου κοινωνόν θανάτω" does not appear in the Latin translation.

[131] Cronica Fratris Salimbene de Adam, Ordinis Minorem 1185, MGH SS XXXII, p. 4.

[132] Niketas Choniates, Imperiii Isaacii Angeli, Liber 1, 7, p. 497.

[133] Cronica Alberti de Bezanis, MGH SS rerum Germanicarum in usum Scholarum II (Hannover, 1908), pp. 41-2.

[134] Cronica Alberti de Bezanis, MGH SS rerum Germanicarum in usum Scholarum II (Hannover, 1908), pp. 41-2.

[135] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, Historiam Aquensem,Monferratensem ac Pedemontanam, col. 176.

[136] Cronica Alberti de Bezanis, MGH SS rerum Germanicarum in usum Scholarum II (Hannover, 1908), pp. 41-2.

[137] WT XXII.IV, p. 1066.

[138] ES II 200.

[139] Fine, J. V. A. (1994) The Late Medieval Balkans, A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest (Ann Arbour, University of Michigan Press), p. 63.

[140] Delisle, L. (ed.) (1872) Chronique de Robert de Torigni, abbé de Mont-Saint-Michel (Rouen), Vol. II, p. 87.

[141] Niketas Choniates, Liber V Rerum a Manuele Comneno Gestarum, 8, p. 222.

[142] Benvenuto di San Giorgio, RIS XXIII, col. 337.

[143] Ficker, J. (1874) Forschungen zue Reichs- und Rechtsgechichte Italiens (Innsbruck), Band IV, 151, p. 191.

[144] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, Historiam Aquensem,Monferratensem ac Pedemontanam, col. 178.

[145] Tallone, A. (ed.) (1906) Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo (1091-1340), Biblioteca della società storica subalpina, Vol. XVII (Pinerolo) ("Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo"), 73, p. 23.

[146] State Archives, volume 25, page 11, fascicule 1.

[147] Pivano, S. (ed.) ´Cartario della abazia di Rifreddo fino all´anno 1300´, Biblioteca della società storica subalpina, Vol. XIII (Pinerolo, 1902) ("Rifreddo"), VI, p. 10.

[148] Rifreddo, XLV, p. 50.

[149] Cronica Alberti de Bezanis, MGH SS rerum Germanicarum in usum Scholarum II (Hannover, 1908), pp. 41-2.

[150] Sturdza (1999), p. 537.

[151] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 122.

[152] WTC XXVII.XXIV, p. 246.

[153] Runciman (1978), Vol. 3, pp. 110-11.

[154] Casale Monferrato, Vol. I, LXIII, p. 95.

[155] Runciman (1978), Vol. 3, pp. 124-5.

[156] Sturdza (1999), p. 542.

[157] Fine (1994), p. 63.

[158] Sturdza (1999), p. 542.

[159] Fine (1994), p. 87.

[160] Sicardi Episcopi Cremonensis Cronica, MGH SS XXXI, p. 179.

[161] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, Historiam Aquensem,Monferratensem ac Pedemontanam, col. 176.

[162] Dieten, van (ed.) (1975) Niketas Choniates Historia (Berlin and New York), Vol. 1, p. 382, (English translation: Magoulias, H. (1984) O City of Byzantium (Detroit), p. 210), information provided by Dr Marianne Gilchrist in a private email to the author dated 10 Feb 2007.

[163] Nielen, M.-A. (ed.) (2003) Lignages d'Outremer (Paris), Le Vaticanus Latinus 7806, El parentado de Beimonte principe 9, p. 172.

[164] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1167, MGH SS XXIII, pp. 849-50.

[165] Fine (1994), p. 10.

[166] Fine (1994), p. 11.

[167] Cronica Fratris Salimbene de Adam, Ordinis Minorem 1204, MGH SS XXXII, p. 25.

[168] Bekker, I. (ed.) (1836) Constantinus Manasses, Ioel, Georgius Acropolita, Corpus Scriptorum Historiæ Byzantinæ (Bonn), 8, p. 15.

[169] Shaw, M. R. B. (trans.) (1963) Joinville and Villehardouin, Chronicles of the Crusades (Penguin) (“Villehardouin”), 13, p. 96.

[170] Fine (1994), p. 63.

[171] Fine (1994), p. 87.

[172] Smičiklas, T. (ed.) (1905) Codex Diplomaticus Regni Croatiæ, Dalamatiæ et Slavoniæ, Diplomatički Zbornik kraljevine Hrvatske, Dalmacije I Slavonije (Zagreb), Vol. III, p. 305.

[173] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, Historiam Aquensem,Monferratensem ac Pedemontanam, col. 175.

[174] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 122.

[175] Villehardouin, 19, pp. 146 and 148.

[176] Sturdza (1999), p. 542.

[177] Linskill, J. (ed.) (1964) The Poems of Raimbaut de Vaqueiras (The Hague), pp. 67-9, information provided by Dr Marianne Gilchrist in a private email to the author dated 10 Feb 2007.

[178] Linskill (1964), No. XVIII, pp. 204-15, information provided by Dr Marianne Gilchrist in a private email to the author dated 10 Feb 2007.

[179] Sicardi Episcopi Cremonensis Cronica, MGH SS XXXI, p. 179.

[180] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, Historiam Aquensem,Monferratensem ac Pedemontanam, col. 176.

[181] Fine (1994), pp. 88-9.

[182] Fine (1994), pp. 119-20.

[183] Sturdza (1999), p. 542.

[184] Miller (1908), p. 85.

[185] Ryccardus de Sancti Germano Chronica 1230, MGH SS XIX, p. 362.

[186] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 122.

[187] Sicardi Episcopi Cremonensis Cronica, MGH SS XXXI, p. 179.

[188] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, Historiam Aquensem,Monferratensem ac Pedemontanam, col. 175.

[189] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, Appendice di documenti inediti, IX, p. 327.

[190] Sturdza (1999), p. 542.

[191] Miller, W. (1908) The Latins in the Levant. A History of Frankish Greece (1204-1566) (Cambridge and New York), p. 85.

[192] Ryccardus de Sancti Germano Chronica 1225, MGH SS XIX, p. 345.

[193] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 136, p. 42.

[194] Staffarda, Vol. I, CCVIII, p. 191.

[195] It is unlikely that Beatrice was born later than 1210 as her first son was born in 1225.

[196] De Allobrogibus VIII, p. 429.

[197] Valbonnais, Marquis de (1723) Histoire de Dauphiné (Geneva), Tome I, F, p. 60.

[198] Guichenon, S. (1778) Histoire généalogique de la royale maison de Savoie (Turin) ("Guichenon (Savoie)"), Tome I, p. 365.

[199] WTC XXXIII.XXXVII, p. 402.

[200] Mas Latrie, R. de (ed.) (1891) Chroniques d'Amadi et de Strambaldi (Paris) (“Amadi”), p. 136.

[201] Runciman (1978), Vol. 3, p. 192.

[202] WTC XXXIII.XXXVII, p. 402, and Runciman (1978), Vol. 3, p. 202.

[203] WTC XXXIII.XLI, p. 408.

[204] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, Appendice di documenti inediti, XLIX, p. 372.

[205] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, Appendice di documenti inediti, L, p. 374.

[206] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, Appendice di documenti inediti, LI, p. 375.

[207] Morris Bierbrier, in a private email to the author dated 18 Jan 2007, referring to Magdalino, P. (2002) The Empire of Manuel I Komnenos, 1143-1180 (Cambridge), and K. Varzos (1984) He Genealogia ton Komnenon, 2 vols. (Thessaloniki, Kentron Byzantinon erevnon).

[208] Staffarda, Vol. I, CCVIII, p. 191.

[209] Sturdza (1999), p. 542.

[210] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, Appendice di documenti inediti, L, p. 374.

[211] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, Appendice di documenti inediti, LI, p. 375.

[212] State Archives, volume 102, page 5, fascicule 1, and Wurstenberger, L. (1858) Peter der Zweite Graf von Savoyen, Markgraf in Italien, sein Haus und seine Lande (Bern, Zurich), Vol. IV, 68, p. 30.

[213] Wurstenberger (1858), Vol. IV, 103, p. 48.

[214] State Archives, volume 102, page 5, fascicule 2, and Wurstenberger (1858), Vol. IV, 104, p. 53.

[215] State Archives, volume 104, page 5, fascicule 5, and Wurstenberger (1858), Vol. IV, 306, p. 159.

[216] State Archives, volume 104, page 6, fascicules 1 and 2, and Wurstenberger (1858), Vol. IV, 329, p. 170.

[217] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, Appendice di documenti inediti, L, p. 374.

[218] ES III 740.

[219] ES II 190.

[220] Chevalier, J. (ed.) (1897) Mémoires pour servir à l'historie des Comtés de Valentinois et de Diois, Tome I Les anciens comtes de Die et de Valence, les comtes de Valentinois de la maison de Poitiers (Paris) ("Mémoires Valentinois et Diois"), p. 247.

[221] State Archives, volume 104, page 11, fascicules 11.1, 2 and 3, and Wurstenberger (1858), Vol. IV, 636, p. 317.

[222] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, Appendice di documenti inediti, L, p. 374.

[223] Rymer, T. (1745) Fœdera, Conventiones, Literæ 3^rd Edn (London), Tome I, Pars II, p. 73.

[224] Stubbs, W. (ed.) (1882) Annales Londonienses and Annales Paulini (London) Annales Londonienses, p. 76.

[225] Cronica Principum Saxonie, MGH SS XXV, pp. 475-6.

[226] Cronica Principum Saxonie 6, MGH SS XXV, p. 474.

[227] Libro Memoriarum Sancti Blasii, MGH SS XXIV, p. 825.

[228] Luard, H. R. (ed.) Matthæi Parisiensis, Monachi Sancti Albani, Chronica Majora (1874) (“MP”), Vol. V, 1251, p. 200.

[229] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, Appendice di documenti inediti, L, p. 374.

[230] Sturdza (1999), p. 542.

[231] Sturdza (1999), p. 543.

[232] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, Historiam Aquensem,Monferratensem ac Pedemontanam, col. 176.

[233] Dugdale Monasticon II, Tewkesbury Monastery, Gloucestershire I, Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione Ecclesiæ Theokusburiæ, p. 61.

[234] Luard, H. R. (ed.) (1864) Annales Monastici Vol. I, Annales de Margan, Annales de Theokesberia, Annales de Burton (London), p. 162.

[235] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, Historiam Aquensem,Monferratensem ac Pedemontanam, col. 171.

[236] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, Historiam Aquensem,Monferratensem ac Pedemontanam, col. 171.

[237] Bekker, I. (ed.) (1835) Georgii Pachymeris De Michaele et Andronico Palaeologis, Corpus Scriptorum Historiæ Byzantinæ (Bonn), Andronicus Palæologus, Liber I, 33, p. 87.

[238] Bekker, I. (ed.) (1838) Georgios Phrantzes, Corpus Scriptorum Historiæ Byzantinæ (Bonn), Liber I, 4, p. 27.

[239] Chronicon Astense, XIV, RIS, XI, col. 166.

[240] Chronicon Astense, XVI, RIS, XI, col. 173.

[241] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, Historiam Aquensem,Monferratensem ac Pedemontanam, cols. 171 and 176.

[242] Faria i Sousa, F. & Alarcon, F. A. de (eds.) (1641) Nobiliario del Conde de Barcelos Don Pedro (Madrid) ("Pedro Barcelos"), Tit. IV, Reyes de Castilla, 22, p. 15.

[243] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 729, p. 191.

[244] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, Historiam Aquensem,Monferratensem ac Pedemontanam, col. 172.

[245] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, Historiam Aquensem,Monferratensem ac Pedemontanam, col. 172.

[246] Nicol, D. M. (1994) The Byzantine Lady: Ten Portraits 1250-1500 (Cambridge University Press), p. 56.

[247] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, Historiam Aquensem,Monferratensem ac Pedemontanam, col. 171.

[248] Alberti Miliolo Notarii Regini Liber de Temporibus, De Gestis comitisse Matildis suorumque antecessorum CCCVI, MGH SS XXXI, p. 570.

[249] Nicol (1994), p. 49.

[250] Georgius Phrantzes Liber I, 4, p. 27.

[251] Georgii Pachymeris, Andronicus Palæologus, Liber I, 33, p. 87.

[252] Nicol (1994), p. 49, and Sturdza (1999), p. 211.

[253] Nicol (1994), p. 49.

[254] Nicol (1994), p. 50.

[255] Nicol (1994), pp. 52-3 and 57.

[256] Nicol (1994), pp. 52-3.

[257] Nicol (1994), pp. 52-4.

[258] San Giovanni, G. M. di ´Notizie e documenti riguardanti la chiesa e prepositura di S. Maria di Vezzolano nel Monferrato´, Miscellanea di Storia Italiana, Tomo I (Turin, 1862), Documenti, IX, p. 313.

[259] Sturdza (1999), p. 543.

[260] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 729, p. 191.

[261] Chronicon Astense, XV, RIS, XI, col. 171.

[262] Kerrebrouck, P. Van (2000) Les Capétiens 987-1328 (Villeneuve d'Asq), p. 254.

[263] Kerrebrouck (2000), p. 50.

[264] State Archives, volume 104, page 37, fascicule 22.

[265] State Archives, volume 102, page 23, fascicule 1.

[266] Chronicon Astense, XV, RIS, XI, col. 170.

[267] State Archives, volume 102, page 24, fascicule 6.

[268] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, Historiam Aquensem,Monferratensem ac Pedemontanam, cols. 171-2.

[269] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 729, p. 191.

[270] San Giovanni (1862), Documenti, IX, p. 313.

[271] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, Cronica Alexandrina, col. 728.

[272] Georgius Phrantzes Liber I, 4, p. 27.

[273] Nicol (1994), pp. 52-3.

[274] San Giovanni (1862), Documenti, IX, p. 313.

[275] Sturdza (1999), p. 543.

[276] Chronicon Astense, XLII, RIS, XI, col. 208.

[277] Georgii Pachymeris, Andronicus Palæologus, Liber VII, 18, p. 598.

[278] Benvenuto di San Giorgio, RIS XXIII, col. 421, quoting Ruffino Ventura Astense.

[279] Marie José (1956), pp. 130-1.

[280] Benvenuto di San Giorgio, RIS XXIII, col. 566.

[281] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, Historiam Aquensem,Monferratensem ac Pedemontanam, col. 177.

[282] Petri Azarii Chronicon, Cap. XVI, RIS XVI, col. 422.

[283] Petri Azarii Chronicon, Cap. XVI, RIS XVI, col. 422.

[284] Benvenuto di San Giorgio, RIS XXIII, col. 567.

[285] Benvenuto di San Giorgio, RIS XXIII, col. 567.

[286] Chronicon Placentinum, RIS XVI, col. 541.

[287] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, Historiam Aquensem,Monferratensem ac Pedemontanam, col. 177.

[288] Chronicon Placentinum, RIS XVI, col. 510.

[289] Chronicon Placentinum, RIS XVI, col. 541.

[290] Benvenuto di San Giorgio, RIS XXIII, col. 594.

[291] Chronicon Placentinum, RIS XVI, col. 543.

[292] Chronicon Placentinum, RIS XVI, col. 546.

[293] Benvenuto di San Giorgio, RIS XXIII, col. 567.

[294] Benvenuto di San Giorgio, RIS XXIII, col. 598.

[295] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, Historiam Aquensem,Monferratensem ac Pedemontanam, col. 177.

[296] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, Historiam Aquensem,Monferratensem ac Pedemontanam, col. 177.

[297] Benvenuto di San Giorgio, RIS XXIII, col. 567.

[298] Sturdza (1999), p. 544.

[299] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, Historiam Aquensem,Monferratensem ac Pedemontanam, col. 177.

[300] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, Historiam Aquensem,Monferratensem ac Pedemontanam, col. 177.

[301] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, Historiam Aquensem,Monferratensem ac Pedemontanam, col. 177.

[302] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, Historiam Aquensem,Monferratensem ac Pedemontanam, col. 177.

[303] Bekker, I. (ed.) (1834) Michælis Ducæ Nepotis, Historia Byzantina, Corpus Scriptorum Historiæ Byzantinæ (Bonn) I, 20, pp. 100 and 102.

[304] Georgius Phrantzes Liber I, 36, p. 110.

[305] Nicol (1972), p. 346.

[306] Nicol (1972), p. 346.

[307] Benvenuto di San Giorgio, RIS XXIII, col. 567.

[308] Benvenuto di San Giorgio, RIS XXIII, col. 567.

[309] Benvenuto di San Giorgio, RIS XXIII, col. 598.

[310] State Archives, volume 102, page 47, fascicule 1.

[311] Sturdza (1999), p. 543.

[312] State Archives, volume 104, page 57, fascicule 11.

[313] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, Historiam Aquensem,Monferratensem ac Pedemontanam, col. 177.

[314] State Archives, volume 102, page 78, fascicule 2.

[315] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 83.

[316] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, Historiam Aquensem,Monferratensem ac Pedemontanam, col. 177.

[317] State Archives, volume 102, page 78, fascicules 1 and 2, respectively.

[318] State Archives, volume 102, page 78, fascicule 2, and Guichenon, S. (1780) Histoire généalogique de la royale maison de Savoie (Turin) ("Guichenon (Savoie)"), Tome IV, Preuves, p. 237.

[319] Benvenuto di San Giorgio, RIS XXIII, col. 685.

[320] State Archives, volume 104, page 73, fascicule 8, and Guichenon (Savoie), Tome IV, Preuves, p. 131.

[321] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, Historiam Aquensem,Monferratensem ac Pedemontanam, cols. 177 and 179.

[322] State Archives, volume 25, page 18, fascicule 22.

[323] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, Historiam Aquensem,Monferratensem ac Pedemontanam, col. 177.

[324] State Archives, volume 102, 104, 1, and 2, respectively.

[325] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, Historiam Aquensem,Monferratensem ac Pedemontanam, col. 177.

[326] State Archives, volume 102, page 104, fascicule 1.

[327] Sturdza (1999), p. 544.

[328] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, Historiam Aquensem,Monferratensem ac Pedemontanam, col. 177.

[329] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, Historiam Aquensem,Monferratensem ac Pedemontanam, col. 177.

[330] Zurita, Tome IV, Libro XX, XXVIII, fol. 302v.

[331] Père Anselme, Tome III, p. 375.

[332] Vaissète, J. (1745) Histoire générale de Languedoc, Tome V (Paris), p. 46.

[333] Cadier, L. (1888) Les états de Béarn depuis leurs origines jusqu’au commencement du XVI^e siècle (Paris), p. 176, citing “D. Vaissète, t. V, p. 46”, and Père Anselme, Tome III, p. 343 (incorrect page number).

[334] Courteault, H. (1893) Histoire de Gaston IV, Comte de Foix par Guillaume Leseur, chronique française inédite du XV^e siècle, Tome I (Paris), Introduction, p. i.

[335] Courteault (Leseur), Tome II (1896), XVIII, pp. 213-17.

[336] La Perrière, G. de (1539) Les annalles de Foix ([Toulouse]), fos. lxxiv verso, lxxv recto.

[337] Litta (1847) Famiglie celebri italiane, Vol. VII (Milan), Paleologo Marchesi di Monferrato, Tavola II, consulted at < https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b8452327r.r=?rk=2188852;0> (1 Apr 2024).

[338] Courteault (Leseur), Tome II (1896), XVIII, pp. 217-19.

[339] Litta (1847) Vol. VII, Paleologo Marchesi di Monferrato, Tavola II.

[340] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, Historiam Aquensem,Monferratensem ac Pedemontanam, col. 177.

[341] Courteault (Leseur), Tome II (1896), XVIII, p. 219.

[342] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, Historiam Aquensem,Monferratensem ac Pedemontanam, col. 177.

[343] Courteault (Leseur), Tome II (1896), XVIII, p. 219.

[344] Litta (1847) Vol. VII, Paleologo Marchesi di Monferrato, Tavola II.

[345] Courteault (Leseur), Tome II (1896), XVIII, p. 219.

[346] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 514.

[347] Sturdza (1999), p. 544.

[348] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, Historiam Aquensem,Monferratensem ac Pedemontanam, col. 177.

[349] State Archives, volume 102, page 120.2, fascicule 3.

[350] State Archives, volume 104, page 94, fascicule 1.

[351] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, Historiam Aquensem,Monferratensem ac Pedemontanam, col. 177.

[352] Lignages d'Outremer, Le Vaticanus Latinus 7806, El parentado de Lusignan 8, p. 170.

[353] Chronicle of Amadi I, Mas de Latrie, Histoire de Chypre Vol. 3, p. 79.

[354] Balard, M. (ed.) (2001) Dei gesta per Francos. Crusader studies in honour of Jean Richard (Grivaud), pp. 317-38, 326, cited by Morris Bierbrier in a private email to the author dated 15 Mar 2007.

[355] Dawkins, R. (ed. and trans.) (1932) Leontios Makhairas. Recital Concerning the Sweet Land of Cyprus entitled Chonicle, cited by Morris Bierbrier in a private email to the author dated 15 Mar 2007.

[356] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, Historiam Aquensem,Monferratensem ac Pedemontanam, col. 177.

[357] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, Historiam Aquensem,Monferratensem ac Pedemontanam, col. 177.

[358] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, Historiam Aquensem,Monferratensem ac Pedemontanam, col. 177.

[359] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, Historiam Aquensem,Monferratensem ac Pedemontanam, col. 177.

[360] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, Historiam Aquensem,Monferratensem ac Pedemontanam, col. 177.

[361] Massarelli, A. Dell'Imperadori Constantinopolitani Vat. Lat. 12127 f. 349v-353. [MB]

[362] Brayer, E., Lemerle, P., Laurent, V. ‘Le Vaticanus latinus 4789: histoire et alliances des Cantacuzènes aux XIV-XV siécle’, Revue des études byzantines, Tome 9 (1951) (“Laurent ‘Vaticanus latinus 4789’ (1951)”), p. 75, available at <http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/rebyz_0766-5598_1951_num_9_1_1037> (21 Dec 2012).

[363] Theodore Spandounes (Spandugnino), De la origine deli Imperatori Ottomani, Sathas, C. N. (ed.) (1890) Documents inédits relatifs à l'histoire de la Grèce au moyen âge, IX (Paris), p. 158.

[364] Hopf, C. (1873) Chroniques gréco-romanes inédites ou peu connues (Berlin), Breve memoria de li discendenti de nostra casa Musachi, p. 285.

[365] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, Historiam Aquensem,Monferratensem ac Pedemontanam, col. 177.

[366] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, Historiam Aquensem,Monferratensem ac Pedemontanam, col. 177.

[367] Massarelli, A. Dell'Imperadori Constantinopolitani Vat. Lat. 12127 f. 349v-353. [MB]

[368] Breve memoria de li discendenti de nostra casa Musachi, p. 285.

[369] Sturdza (1999), p. 545.

[370] Massarelli, A. Dell'Imperadori Constantinopolitani Vat. Lat. 12127 f. 349v-353. [MB]

[371] Breve memoria de li discendenti de nostra casa Musachi, p. 285.

[372] Massarelli, A. Dell'Imperadori Constantinopolitani Vat. Lat. 12127 f. 349v-353. [MB]

[373] Massarelli, A. Dell'Imperadori Constantinopolitani Vat. Lat. 12127 f. 349v-353. [MB]

[374] Breve memoria de li discendenti de nostra casa Musachi, p. 285.

[375] Massarelli, A. Dell'Imperadori Constantinopolitani Vat. Lat. 12127 f. 349v-353. [MB]

[376] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, Historiam Aquensem,Monferratensem ac Pedemontanam, col. 177.

[377] Massarelli, A. Dell'Imperadori Constantinopolitani Vat. Lat. 12127 f. 349v-353. [MB]

[378] Breve memoria de li discendenti de nostra casa Musachi, p. 285.

[379] Massarelli, A. Dell'Imperadori Constantinopolitani Vat. Lat. 12127 f. 349v-353. [MB]

[380] Laurent ‘Vaticanus latinus 4789’ (1951), p. 75.

[381] ES III 424.

[382] ES III 424.

[383] ES III 424.

[384] ES III 424.

[385] ES III 424.

[386] ES III 424.

[387] Gabotto, F., Legé, V. (eds.) ´Le carte dello archivio capitulare di Tortona (sec. IX-1220)´, Biblioteca della società storica subalpina, Vol. XXIX (Pinerolo, 1905) ("Tortona Capitolare"), XCVI, p. 121.

[388] Tortona Capitolare, LXI, p. 83.

[389] Tortona Capitolare, CXIV, p. 140.

[390] Legé, V., Gabotto, F. (eds.) ´Documenti degli archivi Tortonensi relativi alla storia di Voghera´, Biblioteca della società storica subalpina, Vol. XXXIX (Pinerolo, 1908) ("Voghera"), LIX, p. 99.

[391] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 292.

[392] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 9.

[393] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 9.

[394] D H II 305, p. 379.

[395] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 296.

[396] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 300.

[397] Tortona Capitolare, XVII, p. 27.

[398] D H II 305, p. 379.

[399] D H II 299, p. 369.

[400] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 33.

[401] Tortona Capitolare, XXI, p. 34.

[402] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 24.

[403] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 33.

[404] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 33.

[405] D H II 299, p. 369.

[406] D H II 321, p. 402.

[407] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 25.

[408] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 25.

[409] Historiæ Patriæ Monumenta, Tome I, CCCLXII, col. 613.

[410] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 25.

[411] Historiæ Patriæ Monumenta, Tome I, CCCLXII, col. 613.

[412] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 44.

[413] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 44.

[414] Historiæ Patriæ Monumenta, Tome I, CCCLXII, col. 613.

[415] Gabotto, F. (ed.) ´Le più antiche carte dello archivio capitulare di Asti, Vol. I´, Biblioteca della società storica subalpina, Vol. XXVIII (Pinerolo, 1904) ("Asti Capitolare (antiche carte)"), CXXII, p. 234.

[416] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 38.

[417] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 24.

[418] Regesta comitum Sabaudiæ, CLXIV, p. 59.

[419] Regesta comitum Sabaudiæ, CLXV, p. 59.

[420] Regesta comitum Sabaudiæ, CLXIV, p. 59.

[421] Regesta comitum Sabaudiæ, CLXV, p. 59.

[422] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 1, p. 1.

[423] Brühl, C. R. (ed.) (1987) Codex Diplomaticus Regni Siciliæ, Series I, Tomus II/1. Rogerius II. Regis Diplomata Latina (Köln, Wien) ("Rogerius II. Regis Diplomata Latina"), 5, p. 13.

[424] Rogerius II. Regis Diplomata Latina, 63, p. 179.

[425] Pontiari, E. (ed.) (1927-8) De rebus gestis Rogerii Calabriæ et Siciliæ comitis et Roberti Guiscardi ducis fratris eius (Bologna) (“Malaterra”), IV.14, p. 93.

[426] RHC, Historiens occidentaux, Tome IV (Paris, 1879), Alberti Aquensis Historia Hierosolymitana ("Albert of Aix (RHC)"), Liber XII, Cap. XXIV, p. 704.

[427] Houben, H. (trans. Loud, G. H. & Milburn, D.) (2002) Roger II of Sicily, A Ruler between East and West (Cambridge University Press), p. 24.

[428] RHC, Historiens occidentaux, III (1866) Fulcherio Carnotensi Historia Hierosolymitana, Gesta Francorum Iherusalem Peregrinantium (Paris) ("Fulcher") II.LI and LIX, pp. 428 and 433.

[429] Albert of Aix (RHC), Liber XII, Cap. XIII, p. 696.

[430] WT XI.XXI, p. 488.

[431] Albert of Aix (RHC), Liber XII, Cap. XXIV, p. 704.

[432] Fulcher II.LXIV, p. 436.

[433] Annales Siculi, Malaterra, p. 116.

[434] Malaterra, IV.14, p. 93.

[435] Houben (2000), p. 22.

[436] Norwich, J. J. (1992) The Normans in the South 1016-1130 and The Kingdom in the Sun 1130-1194 (Penguin Books), p. 281.

[437] Malaterra, IV.14, p. 93.

[438] Regesta comitum Sabaudiæ, CLXIV, p. 59.

[439] Regesta comitum Sabaudiæ, CLXV, p. 59.

[440] Regesta comitum Sabaudiæ, CLXIV, p. 59.

[441] Regesta comitum Sabaudiæ, CLXV, p. 59.

[442] Regesta comitum Sabaudiæ, CLXIV, p. 59.

[443] Regesta comitum Sabaudiæ, CLXV, p. 59.

[444] Regesta comitum Sabaudiæ, CLXIV, p. 59.

[445] Regesta comitum Sabaudiæ, CLXV, p. 59.

[446] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 39.

[447] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 1, p. 1.

[448] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 3, p. 2.

[449] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 11, p. 4.

[450] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 16, p. 5.

[451] Moris, H. & Blanc, E. (eds.) (1883) Cartulaire de l´abbaye de Lérins, 1ère partie (Paris) ("Lérins"), CLXXIII, p. 173.

[452] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 3, p. 2.

[453] Szabolcs de Vajay 'Contribution à l'histoire de l'attitude des royaumes pirénéens dans la querelle des investitures: de l'origine de Berthe, reine d'Aragon et de Navarre', Estudios Genealógicos, Heráldicos y Nobiliarios, en honor de Vicente de Cadenas y Vicent (Hidalguía, Madrid, 1978), Vol. 2, p. 389 footnote 46.

[454] Genealogiæ Scriptoris Fusniacensis 7, MGH SS XIII, p. 253.

[455] Lérins, CLXXIII, p. 173.

[456] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 3, p. 2.

[457] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 3, p. 2.

[458] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 3, p. 2.

[459] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 3, p. 2.

[460] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 11, p. 4.

[461] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 16, p. 5.

[462] Lérins, CLXXIII, p. 173.

[463] Staffarda, Vol. I, II, p. 13.

[464] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 21, p. 7.

[465] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 4.

[466] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 53.

[467] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 37, p. 11.

[468] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 40, p. 12.

[469] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 3, p. 2.

[470] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 16, p. 5.

[471] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 53.

[472] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 16, p. 5.

[473] Carutti (1888), Documenti del libro secundi, V, p. 295.

[474] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 53.

[475] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 16, p. 5.

[476] Alvira Cabrer, M. (1210) Pedro el Católico, Rey de Aragón y Conde de Barcelona (1196-1213) (Zaragoza), Tomo III, 1229, 1234, pp. 1298, 1304, available at <https://ifc.dpz.es/recursos/publicaciones/30/03/03pedroIItomoIII.pdf> (2 Nov 2017).

[477] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 53.

[478] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 328.

[479] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 5, p. 3.

[480] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 16, p. 5.

[481] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 53.

[482] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 16, p. 5.

[483] Genealogiæ Scriptoris Fusniacensis 7, MGH SS XIII, p. 253.

[484] Genealogia rerum Francorum tertiæ stirpis, RHGF XIV, p. 3.

[485] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 352.

[486] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 356.

[487] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 16, p. 5.

[488] Staffarda, Vol. I, II, p. 13.

[489] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 21, p. 7.

[490] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 53.

[491] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 35, p. 11.

[492] Staffarda, Vol. I, XV, p. 26.

[493] Gabotto, F., Gabiani, N. (eds.) ´Le carte dello archivio capitulare di Asti (830, 948, 1111-1237)´, Biblioteca della società storica subalpina, Vol. XXXVII (Pinerolo, 1907) ("Asti Capitolare"), XX, p. 20.

[494] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 352.

[495] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 426.

[496] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 16, p. 5.

[497] Genealogiæ Scriptoris Fusniacensis 7, MGH SS XIII, p. 253.

[498] Liber instrumentorum memorialium. Cartulaire des Guillems de Montpellier, ed. A. Germain. Montpellier 1884-1886, fol 66, no. CXXVI (p. 262). D'Aigrefeuille Histoire de Montpellier, p. 36.

[499] Alvira Cabrer (1210), Tomo III, 1229, 1234, pp. 1298, 1304.

[500] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 16, p. 5.

[501] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 3, p. 2.

[502] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 11, p. 4.

[503] Staffarda, Vol. I, I, p. 11.

[504] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 16, p. 5.

[505] Lérins, CLXXIII, p. 173.

[506] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 19, p. 7.

[507] Staffarda, Vol. I, II, p. 13.

[508] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 21, p. 7.

[509] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 53.

[510] Staffarda, Vol. I, IV, p. 15.

[511] Gabotto, F. (ed.) ´Cartario di Pinerolo fino all´anno 1300´, Biblioteca della società storica subalpina, Vol. II (Pinerolo, 1899) ("Pinerolo"), XLIV, p. 66.

[512] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 35, p. 11.

[513] Staffarda, Vol. I, XV, p. 26.

[514] Staffarda, Vol. I, XXIII, p. 35.

[515] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 61, p. 19.

[516] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, Historiam Aquensem,Monferratensem ac Pedemontanam, col. 178.

[517] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, Historiam Aquensem,Monferratensem ac Pedemontanam, col. 178.

[518] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 61, p. 19.

[519] Staffarda, Vol. I, LX, p. 69.

[520] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 363.

[521] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, Historiam Aquensem,Monferratensem ac Pedemontanam, col. 178.

[522] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 73, p. 23.

[523] State Archives, volume 25, page 11, fascicule 1.

[524] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 363.

[525] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, Historiam Aquensem,Monferratensem ac Pedemontanam, col. 178.

[526] Rifreddo, VI, p. 10.

[527] Rifreddo, XLV, p. 50.

[528] Rifreddo, VI, p. 10.

[529] Rifreddo, X, p. 16.

[530] Rifreddo, XX, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, pp, 26, 29-30.

[531] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, Historiam Aquensem,Monferratensem ac Pedemontanam, col. 178.

[532] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 94, p. 29.

[533] Staffarda, Vol. I, XXX, p. 43.

[534] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 363.

[535] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, Historiam Aquensem,Monferratensem ac Pedemontanam, col. 178.

[536] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 94, p. 29.

[537] State Archives, volume 25, page 11, fascicule 2.

[538] Regesta comitum Sabaudiæ, CDXXXVIII, p. 162, and State Archives, volume 25, page 12, fascicule 3.

[539] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, Historiam Aquensem,Monferratensem ac Pedemontanam, col. 178.

[540] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 135, p. 42, and State Archives, volume 25, page 11, fascicule 2.

[541] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 189, p. 59.

[542] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, Historiam Aquensem,Monferratensem ac Pedemontanam, col. 178.

[543] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 189, p. 59.

[544] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 249, p. 73.

[545] State Archives, volume 25, page 13, fascicule 4.

[546] State Archives, volume 102, page 9, fascicule 1, and volume 109, page 9, fascicule 2, respectively, in both of which the bridegroom's name is shown as "Manfredo Lanza".

[547] Bartholomæi de Neocastro Historia Sicula, Re, G. del (ed.) (1868) Cronisti e scrittori sincroni Napoletani, Vol. 2 (Naples), p. 414.

[548] Wurstenberger (1858), Vol. IV, 194, p. 106.

[549] State Archives, volume 102, page 9, fascicule 2, and Wurstenberger (1858), Vol. IV, 202, p. 108.

[550] State Archives, volume 104, page 5, fascicule 5, and Wurstenberger (1858), Vol. IV, 306, p. 159.

[551] State Archives, volume 104, page 6, fascicules 1 and 2, and Wurstenberger (1858), Vol. IV, 329, p. 170.

[552] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 369, p. 107.

[553] Rymer (1745), Tome I, p. 155.

[554] Dugdale Monasticon V, Kirkstall Abbey, Yorkshire VI, Historia Laceiorum, p. 534.

[555] Dugdale Monasticon V, Roche Abbey, Yorkshire VII, p. 503.

[556] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 369, p. 107.

[557] Gabotto, F., Roberti, G. & Chiattone, D. (eds.) ´Cartario Della abazia di Staffarda, Vol. II´, Biblioteca della società storica subalpina, Vol. XII (Pinerolo, 1902) ("Staffarda"), CDXX, p. 41.

[558] CP XII/2 278.

[559] When Pierre de Savoie was obliged to leave England, according to CP X 807.

[560] Regesta comitum Sabaudiæ, CDXXXVIII, p. 162, and State Archives, volume 25, page 12, fascicule 3.

[561] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 189, p. 59.

[562] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, Historiam Aquensem,Monferratensem ac Pedemontanam, col. 178.

[563] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 369, p. 107.

[564] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 365, p. 106.

[565] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, Appendice di documenti inediti, L, p. 374.

[566] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 655, p. 169.

[567] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 445.

[568] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, Historiam Aquensem,Monferratensem ac Pedemontanam, col. 178.

[569] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 577, p. 150.

[570] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 610, p. 163.

[571] State Archives, volume 25, page 13, fascicule 5.

[572] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 655, p. 169.

[573] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, Historiam Aquensem,Monferratensem ac Pedemontanam, col. 178.

[574] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, Appendice di documenti inediti, XCIV, p. 422.

[575] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 445.

[576] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 445.

[577] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 445.

[578] Zurita, J. (1668) Anales de la Corona de Aragon (Zaragoza), Tome II, lib. VI, LXXVII, fol. 82 (second page).

[579] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 445.

[580] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 693-4, p. 179.

[581] Saige, G. (1905) Documents historiques antérieurs au quinzième siècle relatifs à la seigneurie de Monaco et à la maison de Grimaldi (Monaco), Tome I, LIV, p. 156.

[582] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 454.

[583] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 908, p. 261.

[584] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 458.

[585] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 445.

[586] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 894, p. 257.

[587] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 445.

[588] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 894, p. 257.

[589] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 458.

[590] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 445.

[591] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 445.

[592] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 445.

[593] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 463.

[594] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 445.

[595] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 463.

[596] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 445.

[597] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 463.

[598] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 445.

[599] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 445.

[600] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 528, p. 141.

[601] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 528, p. 141.

[602] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, Appendice di documenti inediti, CXI, p. 466.

[603] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, Historiam Aquensem,Monferratensem ac Pedemontanam, col. 178.

[604] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, Appendice di documenti inediti, XCIX, p. 431.

[605] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 582, p. 150.

[606] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 445.

[607] Datta, P. L. (1832) Storia dei Principi di Savoia del ramo d´Acaia, Signori del Piemonte (Torino), Vol. 2, Documenti, XXIX, p. 108.

[608] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 871, p. 247.

[609] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 908, p. 261.

[610] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 458.

[611] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 459.

[612] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, Historiam Aquensem,Monferratensem ac Pedemontanam, col. 179.

[613] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 463.

[614] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 284.

[615] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 467.

[616] Storia delle Alpi marittime di Pietro Gioffredo (Torino, 1839), Vol. III, p. 182.

[617] Bartholomæi de Neocastro Historia Sicula, p. 415.

[618] Ramon Muntaner, Tome I, CXIII, pp. 332-3.

[619] State Archives, volume 25, page 13, fascicule 5.

[620] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 610, p. 163.

[621] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, Historiam Aquensem,Monferratensem ac Pedemontanam, col. 178.

[622] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 785, p. 212.

[623] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 908, p. 261.

[624] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 498.

[625] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, Historiam Aquensem,Monferratensem ac Pedemontanam, col. 162.

[626] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 889, p. 253.

[627] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, Historiam Aquensem,Monferratensem ac Pedemontanam, col. 178.

[628] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 871, p. 247.

[629] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 895, p. 258.

[630] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 908, p. 261.

[631] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 458.

[632] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 459.

[633] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 463.

[634] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 284.

[635] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 498.

[636] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 895, p. 258.

[637] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 463.

[638] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 498.

[639] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 498.

[640] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 498.

[641] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 498.

[642] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 498.

[643] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 498.

[644] Jacotin, A. (1898) Preuves de la Maison de Polignac (Paris), Tome 1, 127.146, p. 204.

[645] Jacotin (1898), Tome 1, 127.163, p. 207.

[646] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 498.

[647] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 908, p. 261.

[648] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 458.

[649] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 459.

[650] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 463.

[651] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 284.

[652] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 1009, p. 313.

[653] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 498.

[654] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 908, p. 261.

[655] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 458.

[656] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 459.

[657] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 463.

[658] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 284.

[659] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 463.

[660] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 463.

[661] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, Historiam Aquensem,Monferratensem ac Pedemontanam, col. 162.

[662] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 723, p. 189.

[663] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 871, p. 247.

[664] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 458.

[665] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 459.

[666] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 463.

[667] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 467.

[668] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, Historiam Aquensem,Monferratensem ac Pedemontanam, col. 179.

[669] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 715, p. 187.

[670] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 723, p. 189.

[671] De Allobrogibus VIII, p. 441.

[672] State Archives, volume 25, page 15, fascicule 10.

[673] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 944, p. 284.

[674] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, Historiam Aquensem,Monferratensem ac Pedemontanam, col. 179.

[675] State Archives, volume 25, page 15, fascicule 13.

[676] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 458.

[677] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 459.

[678] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 468.

[679] Petri Azarii Chronicon, Cap. VII, RIS XVI, col. 313.

[680] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, Historiam Aquensem,Monferratensem ac Pedemontanam, col. 179.

[681] State Archives, volume 25, page 15, fascicule 13.

[682] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 468.

[683] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 493.

[684] Datta (1832), Vol. 2, Documenti, VI, p. 146.

[685] State Archives, volume 25, page 16, fascicule 14.

[686] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 468.

[687] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, Historiam Aquensem,Monferratensem ac Pedemontanam, col. 179.

[688] Valbonnais, Marquis de (1722) Histoire de Dauphiné (Geneva), Tome II, CCXXXIX, p. 541.

[689] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 468.

[690] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 493.

[691] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 468.

[692] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 493.

[693] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 468.

[694] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 493.

[695] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 468.

[696] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 493.

[697] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 468.

[698] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 493.

[699] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 468.

[700] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 493.

[701] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 468.

[702] State Archives, volume 25, page 16, fascicule 15.

[703] State Archives, Fondo Materie politiche per rapporto all´interno (270040), information provided by J.C. Chuat in a private email to the author dated 22 Sep 2011. .

[704] State Archives, fascicule 2, quarto praetoria, num 2, information provided by J.C. Chuat in a private email to the author dated 22 Sep 2011. .

[705] Guichenon (Savoie), Tome III, p. 319.

[706] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, Historiam Aquensem,Monferratensem ac Pedemontanam, col. 179.

[707] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 468.

[708] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 493.

[709] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 497.

[710] Duchesne (1625) Vergy, Preuves, p. 386.

[711] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, Historiam Aquensem,Monferratensem ac Pedemontanam, col. 179.

[712] Duchesne (1625) Vergy, Preuves, p. 386.

[713] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, Historiam Aquensem,Monferratensem ac Pedemontanam, col. 179.

[714] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 497.

[715] Baux Chartes 1643, p. 470.

[716] Baux Chartes 1686, p. 481.

[717] Baux Chartes 1705, p. 485.

[718] Baux Chartes 1628, p. 466.

[719] Muletti, C. (1846) Cronaca di Saluzzo di Gioffredo della Chiesa (Torino), p. 438.

[720] Baux Chartes 1705, p. 485.

[721] Baux Chartes 1716, p. 489.

[722] Baux Chartes 1740, p. 494.

[723] Baux Chartes 1767, p. 502.

[724] Baux Chartes 1740, p. 494.

[725] Foras, A. de (1863) Armorial et nobiliaire de l’ancien duché de Savoie (Grenoble), Vol. 1, p. 354, citing “Arch. Savoiroux”.

[726] Baux Chartes 1740, p. 494.

[727] Baux Chartes 1740, p. 494.

[728] Muletti (1846) Cronaca di Saluzzo, p. 438.

[729] Muletti (1846) Cronaca di Saluzzo, p. 438.

[730] Courcelles, J. B. P. J. de (1824) Dictionnaire universel de la noblesse de France (Paris), Vol. 4, p. 36.

[731] Soulingeas, Y. (2001) Archives Familiales du Dauphiné, Tome II, Archives du château de Sassenage (Grenoble), p. 30, available at <https://www.yumpu.com/fr/document/read/43830943/archives-du-chateau-de-sassenage-e-corpus> (27 Nov 2019). .

[732] Muletti (1846) Cronaca di Saluzzo, p. 439.

[733] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 497.

[734] State Archives, volume 25, page 17, fascicule 17.

[735] Baluze (1708) Auvergne, Tome II, p. 373.

[736] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, Historiam Aquensem,Monferratensem ac Pedemontanam, col. 179.

[737] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 497.

[738] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 508.

[739] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, Historiam Aquensem,Monferratensem ac Pedemontanam, col. 179.

[740] State Archives, volume 25, page 17, fascicule 19.

[741] Rodière, R. (1925) Epitaphier de Picardie (Mémoires de la Société des Antiquaires de Picardie, Tome 21) (Amiens, Paris), 746, p. 375.

[742] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, Historiam Aquensem,Monferratensem ac Pedemontanam, col. 179.

[743] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 508.

[744] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, Historiam Aquensem,Monferratensem ac Pedemontanam, cols. 177 and 179.

[745] State Archives, volume 25, page 18, fascicule 22.

[746] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, Historiam Aquensem,Monferratensem ac Pedemontanam, col. 179.

[747] State Archives, volume 25, page 18, fascicule 23.1.

[748] State Archives, volume 25, page 18, fascicule 21.

[749] State Archives, volume 25, page 17, fascicule 20.

[750] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 508.

[751] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, Historiam Aquensem,Monferratensem ac Pedemontanam, col. 179.

[752] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 514.

[753] Litta (1847) Vol. VII, Paleologo Marchesi di Monferrato, Tavola II.

[754] Courteault (Leseur), Tome II (1896), XVIII, p. 219.

[755] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 514.

[756] Sturdza (1999), p. 544.

[757] Père Anselme, Tome III, p. 383 (no precise citation references).

[758] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, Historiam Aquensem,Monferratensem ac Pedemontanam, col. 179.

[759] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 514.

[760] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 514.

[761] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, Historiam Aquensem,Monferratensem ac Pedemontanam, col. 179.

[762] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 514.

[763] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 514.

[764] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 3, p. 2.

[765] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 16, p. 5.

[766] Alvira Cabrer (1210), Tomo III, 1229, 1234, pp. 1298, 1304.

[767] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 19, p. 7.

[768] Staffarda, Vol. I, II, p. 13.

[769] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 53.

[770] Historiæ Patriæ Monumenta, Tome I, D, col. 806.

[771] Staffarda, Vol. I, XV, p. 26.

[772] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 346.

[773] Staffarda, Vol. I, LX, p. 69.

[774] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 346.

[775] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, Appendice di documenti inediti, VI, p. 324.

[776] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 95, p. 29.

[777] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 172, p. 55.

[778] Staffarda, Vol. I, CXXIV, p. 125.

[779] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 185, p. 58.

[780] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 172, p. 55.

[781] Staffarda, Vol. I, CXXIV, p. 125.

[782] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 185, p. 58.

[783] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, Appendice di documenti inediti, XVIII, p. 337.

[784] Staffarda, Vol. I, CLXVIII, p. 164.

[785] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, Appendice di documenti inediti, XXIX, p. 350.

[786] Staffarda, Vol. I, CC, p. 184.

[787] Rifreddo, XXXIX, p. 44.

[788] Staffarda, Vol. I, CCXLV, p. 228.

[789] Staffarda, Vol. I, CC, p. 184.

[790] Staffarda, Vol. I, CCV, p. 188.

[791] Rifreddo, L, p. 54.

[792] Staffarda, Vol. I, CCXXXIV, p. 218.

[793] Staffarda, Vol. I, CCXLIV, p. 227.

[794] Staffarda, Vol. I, CCXLV, p. 228.

[795] Staffarda, Vol. I, CCL, p. 234.

[796] Staffarda, Vol. I, CCLXIII, p. 243.

[797] Staffarda, Vol. I, CCCXXXVI, p. 299.

[798] Staffarda, Vol. I, CCXXXIV, p. 218.

[799] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 172, p. 55.

[800] Staffarda, Vol. I, CXXIV, p. 125.

[801] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 185, p. 58.

[802] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, Appendice di documenti inediti, XVIII, p. 337.

[803] Staffarda, Vol. I, CLXVIII, p. 164.

[804] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, Appendice di documenti inediti, XLVI, p. 370.

[805] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 172, p. 55.

[806] Staffarda, Vol. I, CXXIV, p. 125.

[807] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 185, p. 58.

[808] Staffarda, Vol. I, CLXVIII, p. 164.

[809] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 301, p. 87.

[810] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 426.

[811] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, Appendice di documenti inediti, XL, p. 362.

[812] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, Appendice di documenti inediti, XLIX, p. 372.

[813] Staffarda, Vol. I, CC, p. 184.

[814] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 426.

[815] Staffarda, Vol. I, CCV, p. 188.

[816] Rifreddo, XXXIX, p. 44.

[817] Rifreddo, L, p. 54.

[818] Staffarda, Vol. I, CCXXXIV, p. 218.

[819] Staffarda, Vol. I, CCXLIV, p. 227.

[820] Staffarda, Vol. I, CCXLV, p. 228.

[821] Staffarda, Vol. I, CCL, p. 234.

[822] Staffarda, Vol. I, CCLXIII, p. 243.

[823] Colombo, G. (ed.) ´Documenti di Scarnafigi´, Biblioteca della società storica subalpina, Vol. XII (Pinerolo, 1902) ("Scarnafagi"), XII, p. 248.

[824] Staffarda, Vol. II, CCCLXXXV, p. 17.

[825] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, Appendice di documenti inediti, CV, p. 440.

[826] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, Appendice di documenti inediti, CII, p. 434.

[827] Staffarda, Vol. I, CCXLV, p. 228.

[828] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, Appendice di documenti inediti, CV, p. 440.

[829] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, Appendice di documenti inediti, CII, p. 434.

[830] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, Appendice di documenti inediti, CLIII, p. 525.

[831] Staffarda, Vol. II, DCXXXVI, p. 225.

[832] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, Appendice di documenti inediti, CV, p. 440.

[833] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, Appendice di documenti inediti, CII, p. 434.

[834] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, Appendice di documenti inediti, CLIII, p. 525.

[835] Saige (1905), Tome I, LIV, p. 156.

[836] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 346.

[837] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, Appendice di documenti inediti, VI, p. 324.

[838] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 111, p. 34.

[839] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 172, p. 55.

[840] Thomas Tusci Gesta Imperatorum et Pontificum, MGH SS XXII, p. 517.

[841] Staffarda, Vol. I, CLIV, p. 154.

[842] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, Appendice di documenti inediti, XVIII, p. 337.

[843] Casale Monferrato, Vol. I, CXXVIII, p. 238.

[844] Nicolai de Jamsilla Historia, Re, G. del (ed.) (1868) Cronisti e scrittori sincroni Napoletani, Vol. 2 (Naples), p. 190.

[845] Gardner, A. (1912) The Lascarids of Nicæa, The Story of an Empire in Exile (Methuen, London), p. 178.

[846] ES XVI 78.

[847] Birth date range estimated from her having given birth to three children before her death.

[848] Thomas Tusci Gesta Imperatorum et Pontificum, MGH SS XXII, p. 517.

[849] Bartholomæi de Neocastro Historia Sicula, p. 414.

[850] Muratori, L. A. (1773) Antiquitates Italicæ Medii ævi, Tome II, p. 313, quoting Historia Manuscrita Mediolanensi, Rerum Italicarum Tomo XVI.

[851] MP, Vol. V, 1256, p. 572.

[852] Cronica Fratris Salimbene de Adam, Ordinis Minorem, MGH SS XXXII, p. 349.

[853] Muratori, L. A. (1773) Antiquitates Italicæ Medii ævi, Tome II, p. 313, quoting Historia Manuscrita Mediolanensi, Rerum Italicarum Tomo XVI.

[854] Muratori, L. A. (1773) Antiquitates Italicæ Medii ævi, Tome II, p. 313, quoting Historia Manuscrita Mediolanensi, Rerum Italicarum Tomo XVI.

[855] Nicolai de Jamsilla Historia, p. 117.

[856] Nicolai de Jamsilla Historia, pp. 161 and 193.

[857] Epistola fratres Conradi…Panormitana ad episcopum Cathanensem, sive Brevis Chronica 1027-1083, RIS I.2, p. 278.

[858] Nicolai de Jamsilla Historia, p. 194.

[859] Istoria di Saba Malaspina, IV, XX, Re, G. del (ed.) (1868) Cronisti e scrittori sincroni Napoletani, Vol. 2 (Naples), p. 292.

[860] Nicolai de Jamsilla Historia, p. 117.

[861] Nicolai de Jamsilla Historia, p. 197.

[862] Spicilegium Tome III, p. 644.

[863] Istoria di Saba Malaspina, II, II, p. 223.

[864] Capasso, B. (1874) Historia diplomatica regni Siciliæ 1250-1266 (Naples), Liber inquisitionum Carolo I pro feudatariis regni, p. 346.

[865] Nicolai de Jamsilla Historia, p. 198.

[866] Capasso (1874), Liber inquisitionum Carolo I pro feudatariis regni, p. 350.

[867] Istoria di Saba Malaspina, II, V, p. 226.

[868] Epistola fratres Conradi…Panormitana ad episcopum Cathanensem, sive Brevis Chronica 1027-1083, RIS I.2, p. 279.

[869] Capasso (1874), 397, p. 245.

[870] Ridola, P. ´Federico d´Antiochia e i suoi discendenti´, Archivio storico per le province Napoletane, Anno XI, Fascicolo II (Naples, 1886), p. 244, quoting Reg. 1273. A. n. 18 f. 254.

[871] Rolandini Patavini Chronica, Lib. V, 11, MGH SS XIX, p. 80.

[872] Nicolai de Jamsilla Historia, p. 117.

[873] Nicolai de Jamsilla Historia, p. 156.

[874] Nicolai de Jamsilla Historia, p. 193.

[875] Istoria di Saba Malaspina, II, VIII, p. 231.

[876] Istoria di Saba Malaspina, IV, XII, p. 280.

[877] Alberti Miliolo Notarii Regini Liber de Temporibus, De Gestis comitisse Matildis suorumque antecessorum CCLXXVII, MGH SS XXXI, p. 534.

[878] Capasso (1874), Liber inquisitionum Carolo I pro feudatariis regni, p. 346.

[879] Alberti Miliolo Notarii Regini Liber de Temporibus, De Gestis comitisse Matildis suorumque antecessorum CCLXXVII, MGH SS XXXI, p. 534.

[880] Rolandini Patavini Chronica, Lib. V, 12, MGH SS XIX, p. 81.

[881] Alberti Miliolo Notarii Regini Liber de Temporibus, De Gestis comitisse Matildis suorumque antecessorum CCLXXVII, MGH SS XXXI, p. 534.

[882] Birth date estimated from her mother's estimated birth date of [1230].

[883] Buchon, J. A. (trans.) (1827) Chronique de Ramon Muntaner (Paris), Tome I, XVIII, p. 53.

[884] Ramon Muntaner, Tome I, XIX, pp. 56-9.

[885] Birth date range estimated from her having given birth to her first known child in [1240].

[886] Zurita (1668), Tome II, lib. VIII, XXVIII, fol. 223 (first page).

[887] Ramon Muntaner, Tome I, XVIII, pp. 53-4.

[888] Bartholomæi de Neocastro Historia Sicula, p. 414.

[889] Istoria di Saba Malaspina, II, VIII, p. 231.

[890] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 16, p. 5.

[891] Carutti (1888), Documenti del libro secundi, V, p. 295.

[892] Staffarda, Vol. I, II, p. 13.

[893] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 21, p. 7.

[894] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 53.

[895] Carutti (1888), Documenti del libro secundi, V, p. 295.

[896] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 349.

[897] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 356.

[898] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 372.

[899] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 126.

[900] Tallone, A. (ed.) ´Cartario della abazia di Casanova fino all´anno 1313´, Biblioteca della società storica subalpina, Vol. XIV (Pinerolo, 1903) ("Casanova"), CXXXVIII, p. 126.

[901] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 400.

[902] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 301, p. 87.

[903] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, Historiam Aquensem,Monferratensem ac Pedemontanam, col. 178.

[904] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 577, p. 150.

[905] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 610, p. 163.

[906] State Archives, volume 25, page 13, fascicule 5.

[907] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 655, p. 169.

[908] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 400.

[909] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 301, p. 87.

[910] Historiæ Patriæ Monumenta, Tome I, CMXII, col. 1359.

[911] Staffarda, Vol. II, CDIV, p. 29.

[912] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, Appendice di documenti inediti, L, p. 374.

[913] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 400.

[914] Historiæ Patriæ Monumenta, Tome I, CMXII, col. 1359.

[915] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 400.

[916] Historiæ Patriæ Monumenta, Tome I, CMXII, col. 1359.

[917] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 400.

[918] Ferretto, A. (ed.) ´Documenti intorno alle relazioni fra Alba e Genova (1141-1270)´, Biblioteca della società storica subalpina, Vol. XXIII (Pinerolo, 1906) ("Alba Genova Relazioni"), XCVI, p. 114.

[919] Historiæ Patriæ Monumenta, Tome I, CMXII, col. 1359.

[920] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, Appendice di documenti inediti, L, p. 374.

[921] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 673.

[922] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 673.

[923] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 499, p. 136.

[924] Alba Genova Relazioni, CCCLXI, p. 291.

[925] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 684.

[926] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 684.

[927] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 705, p. 183.

[928] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 447.

[929] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 449.

[930] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 705, p. 183.

[931] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 449.

[932] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 454.

[933] Gioffredo (1839), Vol. III, p. 124 (no citation reference).

[934] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 454.

[935] Gioffredo (1839), Vol. III, p. 124 (no citation reference).

[936] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 463.

[937] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 449.

[938] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 454.

[939] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 372.

[940] Casanova, CXXXVIII, p. 126.

[941] Historiæ Patriæ Monumenta, (Aosta 1854), Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, DCCCCXX, col. 1298.

[942] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, DCCCCXX, DCCCCXXI, cols. 1298, 1301.

[943] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, DCCCCXX, col. 1298.

[944] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 684.

[945] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 684.

[946] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 684.

[947] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 684.

[948] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 696.

[949] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 449.

[950] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 696.

[951] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 449.

[952] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 838, p. 235.

[953] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 449.

[954] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 838, p. 235.

[955] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 449.

[956] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 838, p. 235.

[957] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 696.

[958] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 684.

[959] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 684.

[960] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 684.

[961] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 684.

[962] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 684.

[963] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 684.

[964] Saige (1905), Tome I, LIV, p. 156.

[965] Gioffredo (1839), Vol. III, pp. 359-60, citing “Arch. Reg. Taur.”.

[966] Gioffredo (1839), Vol. III, p. 375.

[967] Documenti Diplomatici Milanesi, Vol. I, CLXXI, p. 233.

[968] Documenti Diplomatici Milanesi, Vol. I, CCXXXV, p. 358.

[969] Documenti Diplomatici Milanesi, Vol. I, CCXXXV, p. 358.

[970] Gioffredo (1839), Vol. III, pp. 359-60, citing “Arch. Reg. Taur.”.

[971] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, CCLXX, col. 952.

[972] Gioffredo (1839), Vol. III, p. 375.

[973] Documenti Diplomatici Milanesi, Vol. I, CLXXI, p. 233.

[974] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, CCLXX, col. 952.

[975] Gioffredo (1839), Vol. III, p. 529, citing “Chiesa Cor. Real. par. I, p. 401”.

[976] Documenti Diplomatici Milanesi, Vol. I, CCXXXV, p. 358.

[977] Gioffredo (1839), Vol. III, p. 529, citing “Chiesa Cor. Real. par. I, p. 401”.

[978] Documenti Diplomatici Milanesi, Vol. I, CCXXXV, p. 358.

[979] Gioffredo (1839), Vol. III, p. 511, citing “Arch. Niciæ”.

[980] Gioffredo (1839), Vol. III, p. 511, citing “Arch. Niciæ”.

[981] Gioffredo (1839), Vol. III, p. 511, citing “Arch. Niciæ”.

[982] Gioffredo (1839), Vol. III, pp. 359-60, citing “Arch. Reg. Taur.”.

[983] Documenti Diplomatici Milanesi, Vol. I, CLXXI, p. 233.

[984] Documenti Diplomatici Milanesi, Vol. I, CCXXXV, p. 358.

[985] Gioffredo (1839), Vol. III, p. 302, citing “Arch. reg. Taur.”.

[986] Gioffredo (1839), Vol. III, pp. 359-60, citing “Arch. Reg. Taur.”.

[987] Gioffredo (1839), Vol. III, p. 375.

[988] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, CCLXX, col. 952.

[989] Osio, L. (ed.) (1864) Documenti Diplomatici tratti dagli archivii Milanesi (Milan) ("Documenti Diplomatici Milanesi"), Vol. I, CLXXI, p. 233.

[990] Documenti Diplomatici Milanesi, Vol. I, CCXXXV, p. 358.

[991] Documenti Diplomatici Milanesi, Vol. I, CCXXXV, p. 358.

[992] Documenti Diplomatici Milanesi, Vol. I, CCXXXV, p. 358.

[993] Gioffredo (1839), Vol. III, pp. 359-60, citing “Arch. Reg. Taur.”.

[994] Documenti Diplomatici Milanesi, Vol. I, CLXXI, p. 233.

[995] Gioffredo (1839), Vol. III, pp. 359-60, citing “Arch. Reg. Taur.”.

[996] Documenti Diplomatici Milanesi, Vol. I, CLXXI, p. 233.

[997] Documenti Diplomatici Milanesi, Vol. I, CCXXXV, p. 358.

[998] Documenti Diplomatici Milanesi, Vol. I, CCXXXV, p. 358.

[999] State Archives, volume 104, page 70, fascicule 4, and Guichenon (Savoie), Tome IV, Preuves, p. 111.

[1000] State Archives, volume 102, page 72, fascicule 1.

[1001] State Archives, volume 104, page 70, fascicule 4, and Guichenon (Savoie), Tome IV, Preuves, p. 111.

[1002] Gioffredo (1839), Vol. III, pp. 359-60, citing “Arch. Reg. Taur.”.

[1003] Documenti Diplomatici Milanesi, Vol. I, CLXXI, p. 233.

[1004] Gioffredo (1839), Vol. III, pp. 359-60, citing “Arch. Reg. Taur.”.

[1005] Gioffredo (1839), Vol. III, p. 375.

[1006] Gioffredo (1839), Vol. III, p. 388, citing “Arch. Reg. Taur.”.

[1007] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, CCLXX, col. 952.

[1008] Documenti Diplomatici Milanesi, Vol. I, CCXXXV, p. 358.

[1009] Gioffredo (1839), Vol. III, pp. 359-60, citing “Arch. Reg. Taur.”.

[1010] Gioffredo (1839), Vol. III, p. 375.

[1011] Gioffredo (1839), Vol. III, p. 388, citing “Arch. Reg. Taur.”.

[1012] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, CCLXX, col. 952.

[1013] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 372.

[1014] Carutti (1888), Documenti del libro secundi, V, p. 295.

[1015] Casanova, CXXXVIII, p. 126.

[1016] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 152, p. 48.

[1017] Belgrano, L. T. & Imperiale di Sant´ Angelo, C. (ed.) (1901) Annali Genovesi di Caffaro e de´ suoi continuatori, Vol. 2, Fonti per la Storia d´Italia (Genoa), VIII, Ogerii Panis Annales 1197-1219, p. 151.

[1018] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 399.

[1019] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, Appendice di documenti inediti, XXIX, p. 350.

[1020] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 201.

[1021] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 748.

[1022] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, DCCXXXVII, DCCXXVIII, DCCXXXIX, cols. 967-69.

[1023] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, DCCXLII, col. 973.

[1024] Alba Genova Relazioni, XLII, p. 24.

[1025] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, DCCXXIX, col. 959.

[1026] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, DCCXXXIII, col. 962.

[1027] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, DCCXLI, col. 971.

[1028] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, DCCLXXXV, col. 1033.

[1029] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, DCCXCIII, col. 1059.

[1030] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, DCCCXIII, col. 1086.

[1031] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 748.

[1032] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 201.

[1033] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, DCCXXIX, col. 959.

[1034] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, DCCXXXIII, col. 962.

[1035] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, DCCXLI, col. 971.

[1036] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, DCCLXXXVIII, col. 1037.

[1037] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, DCCXCIII, col. 1059.

[1038] Alba Genova Relazioni, CCXCVI, p. 250.

[1039] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 748.

[1040] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, DCCXXXIII, col. 962.

[1041] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, DCCLXXXV, col. 1033.

[1042] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, DCCXCIII, col. 1059.

[1043] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, DCCCXXXIII, col. 1154.

[1044] Alba Genova Relazioni, CCXCVI, p. 250.

[1045] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 699.

[1046] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 748.

[1047] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, DCCXXXIII, col. 962.

[1048] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, DCCLXXXV, col. 1033.

[1049] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, DCCXXXIII, col. 962.

[1050] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, DCCCXXXIII, col. 1154.

[1051] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, DCCXXXIII, col. 962.

[1052] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, DCCLXXXV, col. 1033.

[1053] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, DCCXXXIII, col. 962.

[1054] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, DCCLXXXV, col. 1033.

[1055] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 136, p. 42.

[1056] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, CLXI, col. 445.

[1057] Gioffredo (1839), Vol. III, pp. 44-5, citing “Chiesa Cronaca di Saluzzo ms”.

[1058] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 454.

[1059] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, CCLXVIII, col. 948.

[1060] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, CCLXX, col. 952.

[1061] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, CCLXXIII, CCLXXIV, CCLXXV, cols. 975-6, 979.

[1062] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, CCLXXVII, col. 987.

[1063] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, CCLXXVIII, col. 990.

[1064] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, CCCXLV, col. 1288.

[1065] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, CCCXLV, col. 1288.

[1066] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, CCCXLV, col. 1288.

[1067] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, CCCXLV, col. 1288.

[1068] Gioffredo (1839), Vol. III, pp. 44-5, citing “Chiesa Cronaca di Saluzzo ms”.

[1069] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, CLXI, col. 445.

[1070] Saige (1905), Tome I, LIV, p. 156.

[1071] Gioffredo (1839), Vol. III, pp. 44-5, citing “Chiesa Cronaca di Saluzzo ms”.

[1072] Gioffredo (1839), Vol. III, pp. 44-5, citing “Chiesa Cronaca di Saluzzo ms”.

[1073] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, CCII, col. 597.

[1074] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, CCLXX, col. 952.

[1075] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, CCLXXXV, col. 1011.

[1076] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, CCXCIII, col. 1060.

[1077] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, CCXCIV, col. 1065.

[1078] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 16, p. 5.

[1079] Staffarda, Vol. I, II, p. 13.

[1080] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 21, p. 7.

[1081] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 53.

[1082] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 35, p. 11.

[1083] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 342.

[1084] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 343.

[1085] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 344.

[1086] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 343.

[1087] ES III 738.

[1088] Linskill, J. (ed.) (1964) The Poems of Raimbaut de Vaqueiras (The Hague), pp. 67-9, information provided by Dr Marianne Gilchrist in a private email to the author dated 10 Feb 2007.

[1089] Linskill (1964), No. XVIII, pp. 204-15, information provided by Dr Marianne Gilchrist in a private email to the author dated 10 Feb 2007.

[1090] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 343.

[1091] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 344.

[1092] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 126.

[1093] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 143, p. 45.

[1094] Casanova, CXXXVIII, p. 126.

[1095] Ogerii Panis Annales 1197-1219, p. 134.

[1096] Alba Genova Relazioni, XXXIV, p. 17.

[1097] Ogerii Panis Annales 1197-1219, p. 151.

[1098] Casanova, CXCVII, p. 165.

[1099] Casale Monferrato, Vol. I, CXXVIII, p. 238.

[1100] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 301, p. 87.

[1101] Alba Genova Relazioni, XXXIV, p. 17.

[1102] Belgrano, L. T. & Imperiale di Sant´ Angelo, C. (ed.) (1901) Annali Genovesi di Caffaro e de´ suoi continuatori, Vol. 2, Fonti per la Storia d´Italia (Genoa), IX, Marchisii Scribæ Annales 1220-1224, p. 193.

[1103] Casanova, CCXLVIII, p. 204.

[1104] Alba Genova Relazioni, CIV, p. 120.

[1105] Casanova, CCXLVIII, p. 204.

[1106] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 656.

[1107] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 656.

[1108] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 251.

[1109] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 251.

[1110] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 251.

[1111] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 342.

[1112] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 343.

[1113] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 344.

[1114] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 87, p. 27.

[1115] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 88, p. 27.

[1116] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 143, p. 45.

[1117] Casanova, CXXXVIII, p. 126.

[1118] Ogerii Panis Annales 1197-1219, p. 151.

[1119] Carutti, D. ´Supplemento ai Regesta comitum Sabaudiæ, marchionum in Italia´, Miscellanea di Storia Italiana, Tomo XL (3e serie, Tomo IX, Turin, 1904), ("Regesta comitum Sabaudiæ (supplemento)"), LXXIV, p. 33, quoting Codex Astensis qui de Malabayla communiter nuncupatur, Vol. III, p. 677.

[1120] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 301, p. 87.

[1121] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 397.

[1122] Casanova, CCCXXVII, p. 261.

[1123] Regesta comitum Sabaudiæ (supplemento), LXXIV, p. 33, quoting Codex Astensis qui de Malabayla communiter nuncupatur, Vol. III, p. 677.

[1124] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 301, p. 87.

[1125] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, XXXVIII, col. 59.

[1126] Alba Genova Relazioni, CCXCVI, p. 250.

[1127] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 693.

[1128] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, XXXVIII, col. 59.

[1129] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 693.

[1130] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 605.

[1131] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, XXXVIII, col. 59.

[1132] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 693.

[1133] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 605.

[1134] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 693.

[1135] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 605.

[1136] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, XXXVIII, col. 59.

[1137] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 585.

[1138] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 605.

[1139] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 605.

[1140] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 585.

[1141] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 604.

[1142] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 605.

[1143] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 605.

[1144] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 585.

[1145] Gioffredo (1839), Vol. III, p. 178, citing “Raph. a Turre Cirol. lit. C. 2”.

[1146] Gioffredo (1839), Vol. III, p. 124 (no citation reference).

[1147] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, CCXCIV, col. 1065.

[1148] Gioffredo (1839), Vol. III, p. 179.

[1149] Gioffredo (1839), Vol. III, p. 180.

[1150] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, CXCII, col. 550.

[1151] Gioffredo (1839), Vol. III, p. 209.

[1152] Gioffredo (1839), Vol. III, p. 275.

[1153] Gioffredo (1839), Vol. III, p. 302, citing “Arch. reg. Taur.”.

[1154] Gioffredo (1839), Vol. III, p. 375.

[1155] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, CCLXX, col. 952.

[1156] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, CCLXXVII, col. 987.

[1157] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, CCLXXVIII, col. 990.

[1158] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, CCXCIV, col. 1065.

[1159] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, CCXCVI, col. 1076.

[1160] Saige (1905), Tome I, CLXXIX, p. 496.

[1161] Saige (1905), Tome I, CLXXXII, p. 501.

[1162] Gioffredo (1839), Vol. III, p. 519.

[1163] Gioffredo (1839), Vol. III, p. 519.

[1164] Gioffredo (1839), Vol. III, p. 600.

[1165] Gioffredo (1839), Vol. III, p. 179.

[1166] Gioffredo (1839), Vol. III, p. 180.

[1167] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, CXCII, col. 550.

[1168] Gioffredo (1839), Vol. III, p. 209.

[1169] Gioffredo (1839), Vol. III, p. 275.

[1170] Gioffredo (1839), Vol. III, p. 302, citing “Arch. reg. Taur.”.

[1171] Gioffredo (1839), Vol. III, p. 375.

[1172] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, CCLXX, col. 952.

[1173] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, CCLXXVII, col. 987.

[1174] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, CCLXXVIII, col. 990.

[1175] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, CCXCIV, col. 1065.

[1176] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, CCXCVI, col. 1076.

[1177] Gioffredo (1839), Vol. III, p. 124 (no citation reference).

[1178] Gioffredo (1839), Vol. III, p. 180.

[1179] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, CXCII, col. 550.

[1180] Gioffredo (1839), Vol. III, p. 209.

[1181] Gioffredo (1839), Vol. III, p. 275.

[1182] Gioffredo (1839), Vol. III, p. 180.

[1183] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, CXCII, col. 550.

[1184] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 585.

[1185] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, CXCVI, CC, cols. 576, 585.

[1186] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 585.

[1187] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 251.

[1188] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 251.

[1189] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 251.

[1190] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 251.

[1191] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 251.

[1192] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 251.

[1193] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 251.

[1194] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 251.

[1195] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 251.

[1196] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 251.

[1197] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 251.

[1198] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 251.

[1199] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, CX, col. 274.

[1200] Saige (1905), Tome I, LIV, p. 156.

[1201] Saige (1905), Tome I, LIV, p. 156.

[1202] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 693.

[1203] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 705.

[1204] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 453.

[1205] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 705.

[1206] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 453.

[1207] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 463.

[1208] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, Historiam Aquensem,Monferratensem ac Pedemontanam, col. 170.

[1209] Saige (1905), Tome I, LIV, p. 156.

[1210] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 463.

[1211] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 600.

[1212] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, CXCIX, col. 581.

[1213] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 585.

[1214] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 463.

[1215] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 591.

[1216] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, CXCVI, CC, cols. 576, 585.

[1217] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 600.

[1218] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 600.

[1219] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, CXCVI, CC, cols. 576, 585.

[1220] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, CXCIX, col. 581.

[1221] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 604.

[1222] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 600.

[1223] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, CXCIX, col. 581.

[1224] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 604.

[1225] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 600.

[1226] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, CXCVIII, col. 579.

[1227] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, CXCIX, col. 581.

[1228] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 604.

[1229] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 600.

[1230] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, CXCIX, col. 581.

[1231] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 604.

[1232] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, CCCVIII, col. 1133.

[1233] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, CCCIX, col. 1149.

[1234] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, CCCVIII, col. 1133.

[1235] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, CCCIX, col. 1149.

[1236] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, CCCVIII, col. 1133.

[1237] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, CCCIX, col. 1149.

[1238] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 600.

[1239] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, CXCIX, col. 581.

[1240] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 604.

[1241] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 463.

[1242] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 591.

[1243] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 320.

[1244] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 320.

[1245] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 320.

[1246] Gioffredo (1839), Vol. III, p. 519.

[1247] Gioffredo (1839), Vol. III, p. 519.

[1248] Alba Genova Relazioni, CXXXV, p. 139.

[1249] Casanova, CCCXXVII, p. 261.

[1250] Staffarda, Vol. II, CCCLXII, p. 1.

[1251] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 430.

[1252] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, Appendice di documenti inediti, L, p. 374.

[1253] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 426, p. 123.

[1254] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 675.

[1255] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 689.

[1256] Saige (1905), Tome I, XXV, p. 43.

[1257] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 675.

[1258] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, Appendice di documenti inediti, XCIV, p. 422.

[1259] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 689.

[1260] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, Appendice di documenti inediti, XCIV, p. 422.

[1261] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 675.

[1262] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 689.

[1263] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, CCLXX, col. 952.

[1264] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, CCLXXVII, col. 987.

[1265] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, CCLXXVIII, col. 990.

[1266] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, CCCXV, col. 1170.

[1267] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, CCCXXVII, col. 1213.

[1268] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, CCLXX, col. 952.

[1269] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, CCLXXVII, col. 987.

[1270] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, CCLXXVIII, col. 990.

[1271] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, CCCXV, col. 1170.

[1272] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, CCLXX, col. 952.

[1273] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, CCCXLII, col. 1281.

[1274] Saige (1905), Tome I, CXLI, p. 398.

[1275] Saige (1905), Tome I, CL, p. 415.

[1276] State Archives, volume 102, page 44.1.

[1277] Regeste Dauphinois, Tome V, 25614, col. 122.

[1278] Duchesne (Valentinois), Preuves, p. 37.

[1279] Gioffredo (1839), Vol. IV, pp. 269-72.

[1280] Saige, G. (1888) Documents historiques relatifs à la principauté de Monaco depuis le quinzième siècle (Monaco), Tome I, Introduction, p. CCXXXI.

[1281] Gioffredo (1839), Vol. IV, pp. 269-72.

[1282] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 47.

[1283] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 47.

[1284] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 48.

[1285] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 47.

[1286] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 47.

[1287] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 58.

[1288] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 47.

[1289] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 58.

[1290] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 324.

[1291] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 324.

[1292] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 324.

[1293] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 332.

[1294] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 324.

[1295] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 48.

[1296] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 47.

[1297] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 48.

[1298] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 47.

[1299] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 48.

[1300] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 47.

[1301] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 58.

[1302] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 78.

[1303] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 93.

[1304] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 78.

[1305] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 93.

[1306] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 160.

[1307] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 160.

[1308] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 78.

[1309] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, Historiam Aquensem,Monferratensem ac Pedemontanam, col. 176.

[1310] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 111, p. 34.

[1311] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 142, p. 44.

[1312] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 141.

[1313] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 161.

[1314] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 164.

[1315] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, DXXXI, col. 598.

[1316] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 741.

[1317] Rifreddo, XXXV, p. 40.

[1318] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 162.

[1319] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 162.

[1320] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 741.

[1321] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 194.

[1322] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 204.

[1323] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, DCCCXXIX, col. 1142.

[1324] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, Historiam Aquensem,Monferratensem ac Pedemontanam, col. 170.

[1325] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, DXXXI, col. 598.

[1326] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 741.

[1327] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 204.

[1328] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, DCCCXXIX, col. 1142.

[1329] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, CXVII, col. 300.

[1330] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 746.

[1331] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 746.

[1332] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 746.

[1333] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 741.

[1334] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 204.

[1335] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, DCCCXXIX, col. 1142.

[1336] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, DCCCCLIX, col. 1415.

[1337] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, DCCCCLIX, col. 1415.

[1338] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 701.

[1339] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 744.

[1340] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, LXXVII, col. 207.

[1341] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, Historiam Aquensem,Monferratensem ac Pedemontanam, col. 170.

[1342] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, Historiam Aquensem,Monferratensem ac Pedemontanam, col. 170.

[1343] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, Historiam Aquensem,Monferratensem ac Pedemontanam, col. 170.

[1344] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, Historiam Aquensem,Monferratensem ac Pedemontanam, col. 170.

[1345] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, Historiam Aquensem,Monferratensem ac Pedemontanam, col. 170.

[1346] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, Historiam Aquensem,Monferratensem ac Pedemontanam, col. 170.

[1347] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, Historiam Aquensem,Monferratensem ac Pedemontanam, col. 170.

[1348] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, Historiam Aquensem,Monferratensem ac Pedemontanam, col. 170.

[1349] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, Historiam Aquensem,Monferratensem ac Pedemontanam, col. 170.

[1350] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, Historiam Aquensem,Monferratensem ac Pedemontanam, col. 170.

[1351] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 328.

[1352] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 340.

[1353] Ottobonæ Scribæ Annales 1174-1196, p. 30.

[1354] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 353.

[1355] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 353.

[1356] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, Appendice di documenti inediti, IX, p. 327.

[1357] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 381.

[1358] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, Appendice di documenti inediti, IX, p. 327.

[1359] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 388.

[1360] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 353.

[1361] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 381.

[1362] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, Appendice di documenti inediti, IX, p. 327.

[1363] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 388.

[1364] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 353.

[1365] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 353.

[1366] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 381.

[1367] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, Appendice di documenti inediti, IX, p. 327.

[1368] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 387.

[1369] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 388.

[1370] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 430.

[1371] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 444.

[1372] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 353.

[1373] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 381.

[1374] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, Appendice di documenti inediti, IX, p. 327.

[1375] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 383.

[1376] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 388.

[1377] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 353.

[1378] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 353.

[1379] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 353.

[1380] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 368.

[1381] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 381.

[1382] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, Appendice di documenti inediti, IX, p. 327.

[1383] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 387.

[1384] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 388.

[1385] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 353.

[1386] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 368.

[1387] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 381.

[1388] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, Appendice di documenti inediti, IX, p. 327.

[1389] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 388.

[1390] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 353.

[1391] Alvira Cabrer (1210), Tomo III, 1234, p. 1304.

[1392] Alvira Cabrer (1210), Tomo III, 1229, p. 1298.

[1393] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 430.

[1394] Saige (1905), Tome I, LIV, p. 156.

[1395] Saige (1905), Tome I, LIV, p. 156.

[1396] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 594.

[1397] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 594.

[1398] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 99.

[1399] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 99.

[1400] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, CCCXLIV, col. 330.

[1401] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 99.

[1402] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 106.

[1403] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 126.

[1404] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 164.

[1405] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 158.

[1406] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, CCCXLIV, col. 330.

[1407] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, CCCXLIV, col. 330.

[1408] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 99.

[1409] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 99.

[1410] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 158.

[1411] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 164.

[1412] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, CCCXLIV, col. 330.

[1413] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 99.

[1414] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 106.

[1415] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 130.

[1416] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 158.

[1417] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 202.

[1418] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 205.

[1419] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 206.

[1420] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 432.

[1421] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 432.

[1422] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 702.

[1423] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 600.

[1424] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 432.

[1425] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 432.

[1426] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 702.

[1427] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 600.

[1428] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 600.

[1429] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 293.

[1430] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, CXCIX, col. 581.

[1431] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 600.

[1432] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 293.

[1433] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, CXCIX, col. 581.

[1434] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, CCCVIII, col. 1133.

[1435] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, CCCXLI, col. 1279.

[1436] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, CCCLXXXIX, col. 1451.

[1437] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, CXCIX, col. 581.

[1438] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, CCLXVII, col. 939.

[1439] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, CCCIX, col. 1183.

[1440] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 206.

[1441] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 206.

[1442] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 432.

[1443] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, DCCCCL, col. 1395.

[1444] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 432.

[1445] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 206.

[1446] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 432.

[1447] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 432.

[1448] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, DCCCCL, col. 1395.

[1449] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, DCCCCLXXI, col. 1449.

[1450] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 702.

[1451] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 600.

[1452] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 202.

[1453] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 205.

[1454] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 206.

[1455] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 432.

[1456] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, DCCCCL, col. 1395.

[1457] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 432.

[1458] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, LXXVII, col. 207.

[1459] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 701.

[1460] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 744.

[1461] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, LXXVII, col. 207.

[1462] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 453.

[1463] Saige (1905), Tome I, LIV, p. 156.

[1464] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 453.

[1465] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 284.

[1466] Saige (1905), Tome I, LIV, p. 156.

[1467] Saige (1905), Tome I, LIV, p. 156.

[1468] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 702.

[1469] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 600.

[1470] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 279.

[1471] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 293.

[1472] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, CXCIX, col. 581.

[1473] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, CCLXVII, col. 939.

[1474] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, CCCVIII, col. 1133.

[1475] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 279.

[1476] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 279.

[1477] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, CXCIX, col. 581.

[1478] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, CCLXVII, col. 939.

[1479] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, CCCVIII, col. 1133.

[1480] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, CCLXVII, col. 939.

[1481] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, CCCVIII, col. 1133.

[1482] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 279.

[1483] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 293.

[1484] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, CCCVIII, col. 1133.

[1485] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, CCCLXXXIX, col. 1451.

[1486] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, DXXXI, col. 598.

[1487] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, DXLIX, col. 636.

[1488] Annali Genovesi di Caffaro, Marchisii Scribæ Annales 1220-1224, p. 193.

[1489] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 401.

[1490] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 401.

[1491] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, DXLIX, col. 636.

[1492] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 401.

[1493] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 401.

[1494] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 490.

[1495] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 404.

[1496] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, DXLIX, col. 636.

[1497] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 401.

[1498] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 405.